LEE- Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı Lisansüstü Programı - Yüksek Lisans

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A study on understanding potential users' intention to use micro-mobility vehicles: E-scooter systems in İstanbul

(Graduate School, 2024-07-25) Kaplan, Semanur ; Alppay, Ekrem Cem ; 502201928 ; Industrial Design

The word 'Technology' is defined by the Turkish Language Association (TDK); It is defined as all the tools and related information that people have developed to control and change their material environment. When we examine it in this context, we can consider every product designed and made available to people as a technology. Acceptance of these new products by individuals and understanding their usage intentions will ensure both the development of technology and the success of the products. Understanding whether a product will be accepted by potential users and predicting users' future usage intentions with a user-centered design approach is very important in terms of creating more successful and profitable products in the market. UTAUT2 model created to understand users' motivations for using the product; It is examined in the context of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, perceived risk, habit, behavioural intention and usage behaviours. With this approach, it is aimed to reveal potential users' intentions to use the product in the future and their reasons for choosing or not choosing the product. Considering the main aim of manufacturers to deliver their products to as many users as possible, it is very important to understand the target audience's perception of the products and their usage intentions in order to produce products that have an important place in the market. In this context, the mission of industrial designers is; The task of designing products acceptable to target users is added. Within the scope of this research, a literature review was conducted on technology acceptance models, urban transportation and shared micro-mobility systems. Urban transportation and product service systems are examined in the context of shared micro-mobility vehicles. Shared micro-mobility systems offer innovative solutions that transform urban transportation, making it more sustainable, accessible and economical. It will have an important place in urban transportation in the future with its features such as reducing traffic congestion, being environmentally friendly, providing accessibility to other public transportation networks, being economical and being healthier because it encourages physical activity. In this context, within the scope of this thesis, a research was conducted on potential users using the 'Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UATUT2)' in order to analyze the factors affecting the technology acceptance of shared micro-mobility vehicles in urban transportation. Data collection stages are as follows; It consists of semi-structured interviews, field stud and surveys. The research results were evaluated together with the findings. Based on the findings obtained within the scope of the research, a comprehensive insight was obtained about the intentions of potential users to use shared micro-mobility systems in the future and development suggestions were presented for industrial designers to develop e-scooters.
Aleatoric processes in design education: Investigating students' reflections on play-design relationship

(Graduate School, 2024-06-26) Atacan, Ece ; Gelmez, Koray ; 502201920 ; Industrial Design

Play is a familiar concept for all humanity. On the other hand, it is very difficult to comprehend such a phenomenon. For this reason, many theorists from the play literature try to define and make it more understandable through categories. Similar to the concept of play, the concept of design is also a very difficult concept to define. This reality, which is common for both concepts, provides a basis for establishing a relationship between play and design. When looking at the design literature in this regard, it can be seen that several studies suggest that the design process involves play activities. While some studies express this situation implicitly, some studies explicitly attempt to explore the relationship between play and design. This study investigates the relationship between play and design within the context of design education. In the context of design education, this relationship is established in different ways. First of all, as seen in the play-design relation, students' design processes basically include play activities. In addition, the relationship between play and design is addressed through the interaction between the design educator and the design student. This interaction might create a positive space that fosters play activities in design students' processes. In this context, design critiqs and design juries are considered as important encounters where students' play activities are supported or hindered. In addition, the play-design relation in the context of design education is analyzed through a metaphorical analogy. While a game involves play activities that take place in a certain space, within a limited time and within a framework of certain rules, the design studio in design education provides a similar spatiality. The design studio course provides a space within a period of time and includes rules set by the design instructors through design briefs. Furthermore, while a game creates a simulation of real life, the design studio provides a simulation of professional life and allows students to experience the field of design and familiarize themselves with the field. Based on this theoretical background, this study examines the play-design relationship in design education through the concept of alea from the play literature. The concept of alea is one of the four different forms of playing as defined by Caillois (2001) and it corresponds to the play activities in chance games. The concept of alea can be understood through games played with dice. In this type of play, there is an element of chance that directs the player, limits the player's decisions and overrides his or her ability. In the design literature, Ham (2016) observes the four categories of play, defined by Caillois (2001), in the design processes of designers. While analyzing the concept of alea, Ham (2016) explains the element of chance in design processes through the 'aha moment' and risk-taking experiences of designers. Based on this conceptualization, this research identified the concepts of 'aha moment', risk and also uncertainty as concepts related to alea and examined these concepts in the design literature. In the last part of the literature review, an initial conceptualization of the aleatoric process in design education was presented. According to this proposition, design students experience aha moment, uncertainty and risk in a sequential manner.
Boyutsal standartlar açısından Türkiye'de üretilen konut oturma ekipmanı tasarımı ve üretim teknolojileri ile ilişkisi

(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1992) Tatlısöz, Nilüfer ; Ünügör, Mete ; 39345 ; Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı

Bu çalışmada; konut oturma ekipmanı tasarımında etkili olan faktörler içinde, önemli etkinliğe sahip olan, kullanıcının temel ve kritik boyutsal gereksinimleri incelenmiş, Ürünün gerek boyutsal, gerekse fonksiyonel açılardan performansı göz önünde tutularak, Türkiye' de üretilen konut oturma ekipmanlarında, belli bir standartlaşma olup olmadığı; varsa bu standartlaşmanın ne düzeyde olduğu saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca bugün ülkemizde konut oturma ekipmanı üretiminde geçerli olan üretim teknolojileri araştırılarak, bu teknolojilere göre, ürünün niteliksel ve niceliksel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde; mobilyanın çağlar boyunca, toplumların yaşam koşullarına, uygarlık anlayışlarına ve estetik görüşlerine paralel olarak değişik aşamalar gösterdiği, farklı biçimler aldığı; bu farklı biçimleri alırken kullanıcı gereksinimlerine de yanıt vermesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, günümüz deki hızlı konut yapımı sonucu, belli standartların ortaya konması zorunluluğunun doğduğu, konutlardaki standartlaşmanın yanı sıra, mekanın boyutlandırılmasına etki eden konut iç donatımında da standartların belirlenmesi gerektiği anlatılmaktadır. İkinci bölümde; günümüze kadar olan gelişimin tarihi perspektif içinde betimlenip, somut olarak sergilenebilmesi için, oturma ekipmanı tasarımına ilişkin tanım ve tarihçesi sistematik biçimde ele alınmaktadır. üçüncü bölümde; oturma ekipmanı tasarımında öncelikle kullanıcının boyutsal gereksinmelerinin belirlenmesi gerektiği, problem alanı olarak ortaya konulmaktadır. Boyutsal gereksinmelerin belirlenmesinde gerekli olan, oturma ile ilgili statik vücut ölçülerinin tanımları ve bu ölçüleri etkileyen genel faktörler ile oturma ekipmanı ta sarımında; anatomik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik prensipler anlatılmakta, belirlenen boyutsal standartlarla üretim teknolojileri arasında iliş ki kurulmaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde; "Türkiye genelinde örnekleme alanı olarak seçilen istanbul'daki üretim yapan firmalara uygulanılan bir anket araştırması yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada firmalara üretim özellikleri, ürün özellikleri ve ürüne yönelik standartlaşma düzeyinin belirlenme si ile ilgili sorular sorulmakta ve bunların değerlendirmeleri yapıl maktadır. Beşinci bölümde; bu çalışma ile tez amaçlarına ne derecede ulaşıldığı tartışılmakta ve Türkiye'deki standartlaşma hedeflerinin belli bir oranda gerçekleştirilebilmesi doğrultusunda çeşitli öneriler ortaya konulmaktadır.
Co-design approach to raise awareness: A case on fertility

(Graduate School, 2021-06-11) Şaşik, Reşat ; Leblebici Başar, Deniz ; 502171910 ; Industrial Design

Since many societies are affected by taboo topics and every society absorbs them in its own way, changing people's beliefs and behaviors on a taboo topic can be challenging. Fertility, as a taboo issue, has been a hot topic for a long time because there is a trend to delay childbearing in most countries, notably among higher educated individuals. Delaying childbearing is a personal choice; however, it should be taken consciously considering its consequences as aging-related social issues. Most people lack sufficient or accurate information about their reproductive health. Due to the social context based on taboos, when behavioral change is desired through design, it should be within the framework of a co-design and participatory approach. Therefore, the current study took women's fertility as a case and aimed to explore how designed material may create awareness and encourage behavior change compared to underdesigned material on a taboo topic. A mixed method approach was taken as methodology. First, an extensive literature review was held on the key areas including fertility awareness, participatory design, and behavior change. The interdisciplinary nature of the study area enabled design, psychology, and medical subjects to merge in this design research study. In light of the literature, the design of the experiment consisted of pre-post surveys, expert interviews, a co-design workshop, and data analyses. The career goals-associated delayed childbearing among higher educated individuals may occur fertility problems. The selected participant group was higher-educated Turkish university students and academicians aged between 18 to 45 years. Firstly, the pre-survey was completed with 153 participants, 106 of whom gave their e-mail addresses to attend the post-survey. The first findings from the pre-survey showed that even highly educated people had insufficient knowledge about their fertility, which is in line with the literature. After the pre-survey, expert interviews were conducted with four experts to get insights and discover unknown facts. In the co-design workshop, both empathy mapping and brainstorming sessions were organized with twelve shareholders to explore the main features of the behavioral change model in regard to fertility potential. With these co-design sessions, a fear-inducing video was designed to motivate people by reminding them of the aging process and describing how to learn about their fertility potential. The experimental group was informed with a fear-inducing video and the control group was informed with a brief text at the beginning of the post-survey. A comparison-based analysis was performed to determine whether the video-informed participants gained awareness of their fertility or not compared to text-informed ones. The findings showed that both groups gained information; however, fertility awareness of the video-informed ones increased significantly as compared to the text-informed ones. This increased awareness can be considered the first step of behavior change on fertility issues. While almost all of the participants of the video-informed group changed their ranking of the most important factor as "ovarian reserve" contrary to their initial rankings, only half of the text-informed group ranked it as the most important. Furthermore, the video-informed group increased their true statement selections by about 70% and decreased false statement selection by 45% according to comparative analysis between their pre- and post-survey responses. In conclusion, this study showed that a designed material was more effective than an underdesigned material in creating awareness and encouraging behavior change on a taboo topic in the case of fertility. While raising awareness and encouraging behavior change, this study embraced a shift from a "designing for them" approach to a "designing with them" approach. Taken together, this thesis can be considered as one of the first studies to contribute to the literature by studying how a designed material can create awareness and encourage behavior change on taboo topics through a co-design approach. Nevertheless, there were some limitations during the study. The Coronavirus pandemic affected the study plan and decreased the sample size of the participants. All meetings were conducted online because of the pandemic. Also, long-term observation and social impact assessment could not be performed because of the short time schedule of the thesis.
Çeşitli fonksiyon alanlarında kullanılması amaçlanan dönel tuvalet masası üzerine bir uygulama çalışması

(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1992) Süzer, Didem ; Alphan, Ahmet ; 21842 ; Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı

Bu tez kapsamında amaç; "Tuvalet masası" ekipmanının tarih içinde gelişimi, kullanım amaçlarının yanısıra günümüz koşulları içerisinde mevcut teknolojileri kullanmaya çalışarak farklı fonksiyonların kullanıcı yaklaşımları açısından araştırılarak dönel tuvalet masası tasarımının ortaya konmasıdır. I. bölümde ilk olarak; yatak odalarının önemli bir ekipmanı olan tuvalet masasının tanımı yapılarak tarihsel süreç içindeki gelişimi, kullanımı incelenmiştir. Daha sonra tuvalet masası kullanıcısı belirlenip tanımlanarak kullanıcı özellikleri incelenerek tuvalet masasında yapılan eylemlerle günümüz tuvalet masası kullanım yerleri ve şekilleri örneklenmiştir. Bölüm sonunda ise kullanıcı açısından tuvalet masası mobilyasının etkileyen faktörler araştırılmıştır. II. bölümde I. bölüm sonuçlarına dayandırılarak Dönel Tuvalet Masası tasarımı ilk eskiz ve çizimleri ile birlikte anlatılmış ve bu tasarımı etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir. Proje aşamasından sonra 1/1 ölçekte, ilk prototip İ.T.Ü. Mimarlık Fakültesi maket atölyesinde imal edilmiştir. III. bölümde Dönel Tuvalet Masası tasarımına kullanıcı yaklaşımını belirleyebilmek amacıyla deney ve anket çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar gözlemlerle birlikte sürdürülmüştür, anket çalışmaları ile desteklenmiştir. Yaklaşık 100 kullanıcı ile görüşülmüş çalışmaları değerlendirilmesi yapılarak sonuçlar ortaya konmuştur. Sonuçta ise bu çalışma ile tez amaçlarına ne derece ulaşıldığı tartışılmıştır.
Çocukla birlikte gelişen çok amaçlı bebek bakım masası üzerine bir uygulama çalışması

(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1992) Baylan, Filiz ; Alphan, Ahmet ; 21841 ; Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı

Gelişen teknoloji ve sanayileşme toplumumuzda, düşünce tarzının değişmesi, kültür düzeyinin yükselmesi, yaşma seviyesinin farklılışması gibi olumlu gelişmelere neden olmuştur. Gittikçe küçülen aile yapısı nedeniyle de aile içinde çocuğa verilen önem ve sunulan imkanlar da fazlalaşmıştır. Çocuğun fiziksel ve psikolojik gelişimlerine paralel olarak ihtiyaçları da daha dikkatli incelenmeye başlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu ihtiyaçlara cevap verebilen çocuk ekipmanlarının sayısında artış ve farklılaşmalar olmuştur. Ancak piyasada kullanılan ekipmanların içinde çocuğun ve annenin tüm ihtiyaçlarına aynı anda cevap verebilen, çocukla birlikte gelişip büyüyen ve ailelerin ekonomik durumunu zorlamadan alabilecekleri çok fonksiyonel bir ekipman açığı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu açığa cevap verebilen bir ekipman tasarımına geçilmeden önce, çocuğun fiziksel ve psikolojik gelişimleri, bu gelişimler sırasındaki ihtiyaçları, annenin çocuk bakımı sırasındaki ihtiyaçları boyutları gibi birçok konunun incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Tüm bu araştırmaların tasarımda hedeflenen amaçlara ulaşmak için yardımcı olacağı kararından yola çıkılarak, elde edilen verilerin dikkatlice değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında ekipmanın içermesi gereken özellikleri, yapılacak eylemlerin nerede ve nasıl çözümlenmesi gerektiğine karar verilmektedir. Tasarımın çizimleri tamamlandıktan sonra uzman yardımı ile hazırlanan anket formalarının doldurtulması ve maket atelyesinde yaptırılan prototipin denetilmesi ve sonuçların değerlendirilmesine geçilmiştir. Bilgisayar yardımıyla yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucu bu ekipmanın endüstri ürünü tasarımı olabileceğine ve seri üretim sonucu geniş bir kitleye hitap edebileceğine karar verilmiştir.
Design for additive manufacturing for small-volume production: A case study

(Graduate School, 2024-07-09) Keleş, Ahmet Furkan ; Küçüksayraç, Elif ; 502201918 ; Industrial Design

Additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as 3D printing, is an innovative manufacturing method that constructs objects by adding layers based on digital models. Contrary to conventional subtractive manufacturing, which involves removing material to form shapes, AM involves adding material in precise layers. This method provides enhanced design flexibility and enables the production of intricate geometries while minimizing waste. This technology is employed in diverse industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and fashion, to produce prototypes, functional components, and customized designs. The ability to customize products makes efficiently and sustainably is a fundamental aspect of contemporary manufacturing and design innovation. The goal of this research is to find out how AM techniques can be used by people or companies with limited funding to replace conventional production methods, which typically involve expensive machinery, molding, and production line setup. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA), two 3D printing technologies that stand out from other AM technologies in terms of cost effectiveness and adaptability for home-use applications, are the primary subjects of this study. Case study and expert interviews are the research methods used in this study. An FDMmanufactured outdoor air quality control kit for the ITU campus is the focus of the case study. This kit was created as part of a scientific research project on smart and sustainable campuses. From the pre-production phase through the final form, the design process is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The design of the product, the choice of materials and printing technology, and surface quality are the main concerns of the assessment. The case study is supported by expert interviews, which provide a more thorough grasp of AM. Four specialists who work with FDM and SLA technologies development and apply it to different industries and contexts were selected. The experts are a mechanical engineer leading R&D at a company that makes classical mixers, and faucets, an industrial designer employed by a company that manufactures 3D printers; and a designer/owner of a startup company that uses FDM technology in R&D and final-product manufacturing processes. The results clarified the distinctions between the application of FDM and SLA techniques, the potential for material and time savings during product development, and the strategies for minimizing or eliminate support structures completely. The study also shows situations where AM techniques are more advantageous than conventional techniques at specific production volumes. The case study's numerical data demonstrated how alterations in printing and design techniques lower costs and speed up production. This study's conclusion highlights the potential and necessity of AM technology for small-scale, resource-constrained enterprises and low-volume production. The advantages AM providing over conventional production techniques hold great promise for the broad adoption of these technologies and the transformation of the paradigms that drive industrial production.
Design studio learning for developing creative skills in children: Insights from Arkki Türkiye

(Graduate School, 2023-07-07) Divriş, Lara ; Başar Leblebici, Deniz ; 502201910 ; Industrial Design

Engaging in creative problem-solving anticipated through design studio pedagogy for design students is considered beneficial for early ages to gain 21st-century skills. This study aims to explore the outcomes of design studios in terms of creative skills and abilities and to analyze how children can acquire those skills through a design studio- based adopted educational model called Arkki. The study is based on the observations made by the researcher, an Arkki Türkiye facilitator, during design workshops with children. Arkki, School of Architecture for Children and Youth, is a Finnish-based affiliation that organizes architecture and design workshops for children aged 4-19 since 1993. Using a project based education, Arkki's main aim is to teach children the skills of 21st-century involving creativity, with a hands-on approach and using play, where children can learn by doing. Since 2021, Arkki has been operating in Türkiye under the name Arkki Türkiye partnering with Türkiye Design Council. The study's theoretical framework starts by establishing similarities between the workshops conducted by Arkki and design studio pedagogy. To establish a theoretical framework for the study, a literature review was conducted on the design process, design studio learning, creativity, creative problem-solving, and the relation of play with creativity and design education. Additionally, the educational model of Arkki was explained by reviewing related literature, including the similarities with the design studio, how play was included in its workshops, and the skill evaluation made by Arkki Türkiye. After establishing these relationships within the theoretical framework, the aim was to assess the outcomes and processes of the identified Arkki workshops, measuring children's ability outcomes regarding design studio achievements and creative skills. The goal was to highlight the gains of a design studio-focused education in children's creative skills development. The literature review enabled the designing of an assessment tool named the Creative Development Measurement Scale, an outcome of the thesis, to measure children's creative abilities. The five-dimensional creativity model assessment created by the OECD, which was the source of Arkki Turkey's assessment model, was re-designed by refining the Arkki Türkiye Development Map (ATDM) Arkki Türkiye uses. The re-designing process was made in light of the literature review involving creativity and design studio outcomes and the help of a focus-group study conducted with Arkki Türkiye facilitators. The data gathered through workshops were analyzed through the Creative Development Measurement Scale. The findings suggested that the creative skills of children participating in the workshops improved significantly. Furthermore, comparative analyses were conducted to examine the differences between the skill development of children who attended multiple modules of the workshops and those who attended only one module. It was found that skill development in terms of continuity was generally significant. However, when comparing the skill development of two different age groups who received different workshops, no significant difference was observed as expected. This finding indicated that designing an educational model according to age abilities was essential for parallel development in different ages. Secondly, valuable insights were obtained through semi-structured interviews with Arkki Turkey facilitators to explore the impact of play in Arkki-inspired design studio workshops. The findings from these interviews highlighted the importance of incorporating play elements into design studio pedagogies for children, showcasing the positive effects of play on various subjects. The interviews shed light on how play contributes to children's learning experience, creativity, and problem-solving skills. It was revealed that children used play for exploration, imagination, learning, understanding, and critical thinking. The use of play was compatible with design pedagogy and parallel to methods such as peer learning, learning by doing, and creative problem-solving. As a result of this study, it is discussed that design studio models like Arkki may contribute to children's creative problem-solving skills. Additionally, the advantages and examples of providing design studio pedagogy to children through play were presented, emphasizing that play can effectively enhance design studio outcomes for children. As the development of 21st-century skill creativity is considered in high demand across educational fields and the skills of the future, it is essential to investigate further how the design studio insights can contribute to enhancing creativity for children. In conclusion, design learning, supported with play, can support children in developing essential creative skills and abilities needed in the 21st century.
Design thinking in technology startups, an explorative study on design thinking implementations at ITU seed incubation center

(Graduate School, 2022-10-24) Çay, Seyman ; Turan, Gülname ; 502001807 ; Industrial Design

As a professional industrial designer and partner of a design consultancy company we have been always excited to work with new customers in new fields. For this reason, as a design office, providing industrial design services, we were also interested in entrepreneurship ecosystem, and after expanding our business development area here, we had opportunities to meet many technology-based entrepreneurs and develop projects with them. The demand for cooperation with entrepreneurs increased, as expected and we started to devote some of our time to the field of entrepreneurship, in order to stay up-to-date, follow the innovations and improve ourselves on how to advance better project processes and communicate them. When we started to develop more projects with entrepreneurs from different fields, we noticed over time some recurring challenges and realized that some aspects of these challenges differ from those experienced with companies. The need to identify these challenges and thus to better understand entrepreneurs and manage the project processes was clear. Taking this as a starting point, I came to the idea of conducting a case study research on this subject. It can be stated that the subject of this thesis is based on personal experiences gained in the projects developed in cooperation with the entrepreneurs. Since my professional business relations are with entrepreneurs in ITU Seed Incubation Center (ITU Seed), I decided to conduct the research with the startups here. Another important reason for this was that ITU Seed was affiliated with the university I was enrolled in and therefore was open to resource access, and therefore open to resource access, which is one of the most important issues in the research. Thus, while contributing to the literature, I wanted to be able to make this contribution through the university I graduated from. The courses where I shared my professional experiences with students in the ITU industrial design department and the corporate commitment built over the years had an impact on this also. ITU Seed is the incubation mechanism of ITU Arı Teknokent, that supports technology start-ups at any stage and contribute to their success by providing them guidance for government and privet support programs, preparation for investor meetings and presentations, and trainings mentoring program. When we look at these trainings, we see that new entrepreneurs participate in an intensive program that combines the 'Business Model Canvas and Lean Startup' method with the "Design Thinking" method, adapted to ITU Seed. Within this frame, the subject of this study is to reveal how entrepreneurs at ITU Seed Incubation Center use design thinking method. The research aims to focus on design thinking processes of startups and obtain findings about how the stages are fconstructed. To be more specific, we attempt to look at the stages of design thinking and understand how design thinking perceived, applied and implemented by the startups. Since design thinking approach is most valuable in the early stages of the design process when opportunities are being identified and new concepts are being proposed (Postma et al, 2012). Within this regard, such a problem and hypothesis can be understood by investigating how entrepreneurs iterate the early stages in the process and how they implement design thinking in these stages of the project they are developing. Here we found it necessary to emphasize the distinction at on which level design thinking positioned in organizations, since design practices can interface with organisations on different levels (Dorst, 2011). There are two different discourses discussing design thinking. Johansson and Woodilla (2010) clearly point out these two separate discourses and name them as the 'design discourse' and the 'management discourse'. Management discourse focuses on the need to improve managers' design thinking skills for better business success Johansson and (Woodilla, 2010). For a more clear explanation of management discourse, Brown (2009) presents design thinking as a human-centered approach to innovation inspired designer's way of working and thinking, which people with non-design backgrounds can use. In this study we will focus on design discourse and usage of design thinking be the entrepreneur on their projects in terms of design thinking is a catalyst for innovation and bringing new things into the world (Plattner et al, 2011). Now we would like to mention the methods and tools to be used in the research to obtain this data set. The aim of this study is to focus the design thinking processes of startups at ITU Seed and reveal how design thinking perceived, applied and implemented within the project process. Since case studies are pertinent when the research addresses an explanatory question 'How or why did something happen?' (Yin, 2014), in order to investigate this field, a qualitative case study method and explorative approach are best suited for this study. The preparation for data collection is one of the most important stages of the research. Yin (2009) mentions, training for a case study investigation actually begins with the definitions of the questions being addressed and the development of the case study design. We determined the semi-structured interview as the method to be used in the case study research, we aimed to reach more reliable information by directing the people we will meet with this way, and we started by preparing the topics and questions we would talk about. Since we had difficulties in finding suitable sampling in this study, the snowball method was used to determine the interviewees. Except for the three entrepreneurs we reached this way, we conducted interviews with two mentors we met during the study, as the mentors could provide invaluable divergent data that can be included in research and the findings could be useful in terms of understanding other stakeholders of the subject and achieving data triangulation by increasing data diversity. In summary, this study is based on semi constructed interviews conducted with 3 startups in the pre-incubation phase of ITU Seed, and 2 mentors and 1 designer, identified as other stakeholders on the practices of design thinking in startups at ITU Seed. For the analysis and interpretation of all outcomes from the study, we used affinity diagram analysis method. Data obtained from the audio recordings of the interviews used as input for the analysis and were clustered. Three prominent clusters emerged relevant to the research questions, we called 'concepts'. We named the expressions that can be placed under these concepts, which can be considered as the main heading in a sense, as sub-concepts, and we visualized the results by sorting them according to the most emphasis. We now want to present these findings. Three prominent concepts have been already mentioned as perception of design thinking, application of design thinking and implementation of design thinking. Now we would like to explain in what sense they are used in this study an the main characteristics of each startup. We evaluated the answers of startups to the questions, 'What do you understand when it comes to design thinking?' and 'What does design thinking mean to you and to your organization?', under perception of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly and that, in a sense, show their characteristic of perception as follows: Startup A iterative problem solving, startup B design project management and startup C mindset and methodology. For the second concept, we evaluated the answers of startups to the question, 'Why or when do you need design thinking?', under application of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly show their characteristic of application as follows: Startup A understanding customers/users, startup B design development and startup C exploring new opportunities. For the last one, we evaluated the answers of startups to the question, 'What are the methods and tools you use in your design thinking processes?', under implementation of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly show their tool for implementation as follows: Startup A participatory action research, startup B POC field test observation and startup C interview with potential customers. The findings include data on the perception, application and implementation of design thinking of startups, as well as on design thinking structures, key benefit of design thinking for their organization or key success factors. This study is significant in terms of revealing how entrepreneurs operating in ITU Seed Incubation Center use design thinking methods in their projects, collecting data that can also be used in further studies in this field, and making suggestions about how they can use this method more efficiently and effectively. The results to be obtained will not only contribute to the entrepreneurial ecosystem for entrepreneurs to use design thinking more effectively, but also to the value creation of technology-based entrepreneurs by using them, to update the contents of the entrepreneurial trainings given at ITU Seed Incubation Center.
Designing an expert system for non-expert users in oral health: Story of a hybrid design research

(Graduate School, 2023-06-23) Göçhan, Deniz ; Bağlı, Hümanur H. ; 502171903 ; Industrial Design

The subject of this thesis is the research, development, and design process of an expert system that I designed for non-experts in the field of pediatric oral health, which started as an enterprise project and later received the TÜBİTAK 1512 Techno-initiative Capital Support Program grant. In this thesis, you will read about the maturation of my idea that I created as a dentist, its transformation into a mobile application prototype within the scope of the TÜBİTAK project, the testing processes, the difficulties encountered, and how I tried to overcome them. In empirical research, the independence of the researcher and the notion that examines the subject from an outsider's perspective are very important. I, on the other hand, was the leading actor in the three-year enterprise story that I addressed as a researcher in this thesis. At every stage of the product from an idea to a prototype; I spent a lot of time applying to institutions, developing the algorithm, and designing the interfaces and the system. For these reasons, I did not want to write down the research I conducted in the process as if I were an observer. Because that would be quite wrong. Thus, the complexity of the process and my inseparable relationship with the product led to the need to adopt a hybrid approach to the subject. In my approach, I combined the three forms of design research that Frayling described. The "Research through Design" approach allowed me the freedom to convey what I experienced in the process from my perspective, without skipping any steps. Since it is not possible to generalize about entrepreneurship based on my own story, there could not be a more appropriate method in which I would be involved as a subject. The research I conducted to enable non-expert users to use an expert system was exactly in line with the "Research for Design" approach. Because at the end of the day, my goal was to improve the product. The "Research into design" approach enabled me to document data that emerged independently of the product I designed and could contribute to the literature. I am aware that in this approach I have adopted, a portrayal of dissociative identity emerges. I became a "Research through Design" researcher while describing my process, a designer when researching to improve the product, and sometimes a design researcher who intends to contribute to the literature. A researcher can wear these hats in different periods. I wore all these hats during one study. Therefore, in this thesis, you will witness hybridity just like my process. This thesis touches on more than one area. Therefore, what I have told can be evaluated from many different angles. It can be considered as the process of developing an entrepreneur's product, the place of digital products in the field of oral health, a critique of the way dentists handle these products in the literature, the difficulties in developing a medical device, designing of artificial intelligence and human interaction, the effort to bring an expert system closer to the non-expert user, the design's role in all these aspects or as a different method attempt at design.
Endüstri ürünlerinde tasarımın değerlendirilmesi

(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1995) Teker, Murat ; Öke, Altan ; 46608 ; Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı

Değerlendirme günümüzde tasarlama sürecinin bölünmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Değer verme, değerIendirme ve karar verme tasarımcı için bir yöntem sorunu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde 19.YYın el işçiliğine dayanan üretimine yönelik tasarım anlayışından vazgeçilmiş kitlesel üretime yönelik endüstri ürünlerinin tasarımına geçilmiştir. Endüstri tasarımı bugün artık dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir güç olmuştur. Endüstri tasarımının önem kazanması, ürünün ne şekilde değerlendirileceği kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Endüstri ürününde aranan temel nitelikler işlevsellik, ekonomi ve estetiktir. Tasarımcının amacı insana uygun bir çevre yaratmaktır. Bu yapay çevreyi oluşturan tasarlanmış ürünler olduğuna göre tasarımcıya düşen görev gerek ürünlerin işlevselliğini, kullanışlılığını gerekse görsel niteliklerini geliştirmektir. Bu gelişimi ürünün tasarlanıp, üretilmesi, satılması ve kullanılması aşamalarında yapılacak değerlendirmeler sağlayacaktır. Değerlendirme ürünün özelliklerinin ortaya konması ve bu özelliklerin amaca uygunluğunun araştırılmasıdır. Endüstri tasarımı alanında ortaya konmuş bir ürünün başarısının değerlendirmesi tasarım, üretim ve satışın sağlıklı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi açısından yararlı olabileceği düşüncesi ile bu çalışma hazırlanmıştır.DeğerIendirme ile elde edilecek bilgiler ürünün geliştirilmesinde kullanılabileceği gibi aynı konuda ortaya konulacak başka bir ürünün özelliklerinin amaca daha uygun olmasını sağlayabilir.
Exploring how cultural probe kits are designed: Towards a guide for design researchers

(Graduate School, 2023-06-20) Apak, Gülce ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502201908 ; Industrial Design

User-centered design refers to an approach to design which places emphasis on the needs and expectations of users while developing design ideas and includes users in the design process. To gain an in-depth understanding of the users' needs, values, thoughts, and feelings, user-centered design utilizes research methods that collect, depict, and make sense of data on user experience. In this sense, designers and design researchers utilize diverse user research methods varying from traditional approaches to innovative approaches to obtain user data. Cultural probes, one of the innovative approaches, is considered as a data collection technique that inspires and informs design by adopting a participatory essence. The method is implemented through the cultural probe kits that assist participants to conduct practicing textual, visual, or three-dimensional self-documentations by assigning them predefined tasks that invite them to describe their experiences, actions, thoughts, and feelings through various ways. By completing these tasks, participants provide designers and design researchers with a variety of user data to analyze to develop an empathetic understanding with potential users and generate design ideas. In the prior studies, cultural probes are often included as a method used in research design to gather information about a particular user experience, a particular product, or the characteristics of a community. There are a few examples examining the approach itself by illustrating how the method is applied in detail. Among these, not many studies explored the process of developing a cultural probes kit by focusing on the probe kit components. From this perspective, this thesis intends to gain an in-depth understanding about the process of developing cultural probe kits by taking various aspects of cultural probe materials into account and, as a result, to propose a guide that helps to improve probe design decisions. To that end, two data collection methods, which are document analysis and participant observation, were employed in this thesis. These data collection techniques enabled gaining a broad knowledge on contents and materials consisting of the kits and the process of designing cultural probe kits. Followingly, the collected data sets were analyzed with qualitative content analysis in order to draw out outcomes that will be transformed into a framework to guide careful design of cultural probe kits. The empirical study followed within the scope of this thesis consists of two studies: a main study and a supplementary study. In the main study, which was conducted in three phases, data on contents and materials consisting of the kits and the process of designing cultural probe kits was collected, these data sets are analyzed and explained in detail, and in the third phase, the findings that will be synthesized into the guide content were presented. The supplementary study was conducted with an intent to observe the initial implementation of the guide. Accordingly, the guide was distributed to its first practitioners and after they developed cultural probe kits, their feedback on the guide was received. The main findings of the study were achieved as a result of the main study and synthesized for developing the guide. Initial findings proposed four categories to understand contents and materials constituting the cultural probe kits: kit components, equipment, task types and activities, and task features. The varying sub-components and different properties of these components were illustrated in detail under these categories. With further analysis, more detailed findings which enabled making deeper interpretations were illustrated and consequently, particular instructions that offer strategies to improve probe design decisions were asserted. These instructions were outlined under three main aspects of developing cultural probe kits: preparing cultural probe tasks, arranging tools and equipment, and ensuring relevance with the research focus. All these findings were synthesized for creating a guide which systematically describes the process of developing cultural probe kits and provide guidance to design researchers in order to make effective probe design decisions. Additionally, with the supplementary study, the first implementation of the guide provides a framework to design researchers for organizing the overall process of designing cultural probe kits, making sense of the properties of cultural probes contents and materials, and therefore, utilizing them more effectively and carefully.
Exploring the concept of product attachment: The case of precious objects

(Graduate School, 2022-01-28) Gökaltay, Elif ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502181903 ; Industrial Design ; Endüstriyel Tasarım

While most products lose their appeal with time some remain meaningful and precious for users that experience a form of attachment towards them. This thesis focuses on the concept of product attachment which is found to be a factor that leads users to keep their existing products for more prolonged periods instead of replacing them. This behavioral change results in lowering the high rate of consumption. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction covering the background information about the subject and presenting the aim and scope of the study along with the research questions. The second chapter includes a literature review covering topics of product attachment, meaningful products, and emotional durability. Product attachment is explored by examining product-user relationships. In the third chapter, the methodology is explained. The research has a qualitative and exploratory quality and has an interpretive approach. Two research methods have been implemented to gather data, these were cultural probes and semi-structured interviews. Literature concerning the implemented methods was provided. In the fourth chapter, all stages of fieldwork are covered. The primary research was conducted using the method of cultural probes. This method involves a period that provokes a reflection process and was selected to gather insightful material regarding participants' experiences. Following a one-week cultural probes process, a series of semi-structured interviews have been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the data gathered from the primary research. The fifth chapter consists of the analysis and interpretation of the findings. The method of qualitative content analysis was implemented, and the according literature is presented. The cultural probes material was analyzed under sixteen main categories which corresponded to tasks that were taken as units during the coding process. The findings were interpreted and presented under main categories and subcategories. A data-driven and concept-driven strategy were pursued. As interviews were audio recorded all were transcribed. The sixth chapter is the last chapter that consists of the conclusion where it has been stated that the findings and categories derived from the research analysis corresponded with the categories of the product attachment literature.
Exploring the role of service design for agroecological communities: A case study on tadya collective

(Graduate School, 2024-07-24) Erdem, Gözde ; Küçüksayraç, Elif ; 502201923 ; Indsutrial Design

This thesis addresses the ecological, economic, and social issues caused by global climate change and their impacts on agricultural and food systems, investigating the potential role of sustainable design approaches in providing solutions. Agroecology is an approach that aims to implement agricultural practices in accordance with ecological principles and preserve natural ecosystems. An important component of this thesis is the case study of TADYA (Tahtacıörencik Natural Life Collective), which presents a successful example of sustainable agricultural and food networks. Elements such as the digital ordering system and producer-consumer connections are examined in detail, and suggestions for improving these systems are provided. The research process utilized various data collection techniques, including field visits, observations, interviews, and surveys. These methods provided comprehensive insights into the functioning of TADYA's systems and identified several areas needing improvement. The findings revealed specific issues within TADYA's existing system that require enhancement. The ways these areas can be developed are explained through sustainable design approaches involving community members in the design process, integrating multidisciplinary and local knowledge and experience. These approaches ensure that solutions are tailored to the unique needs of the community. One of the critical findings of the research is the importance of involving local producers and consumers in the design and implementation of sustainable systems. This participatory approach not only helps in creating more effective and efficient systems but also strengthens community bonds and ensures long-term sustainability. By engaging stakeholders at every level, from production to consumption, the proposed improvements aim to enhance the overall resilience and sustainability of the agricultural and food networks. This thesis aims to provide new perspectives and guidance for future research by showcasing the potential of sustainable service design in transforming agricultural and food systems. The insights gained from the TADYA case study highlight the necessity of a collaborative, informed design approach that leverages local expertise and fosters community participation. This approach is essential for developing robust, adaptive systems capable of withstanding the challenges posed by global climate change.
Investigating design research deliverables as communication tools between designer and design researcher

(Graduate School, 2024-06-26) Köse Tanrıverdi, Beste ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502211902 ; Industrial Design

In recent years, digitalization has created new professions which become essential to build digital products and services. As two of these professions, User Experience Designers (UXD) and User Experience Researchers (UXR) are the ones who engage with the users the most. The place of research in design processes is always important in order to understand for whom and for what purpose the design will be made. As in an industrial design process, a user-centered design approach is adopted in user experience design. User Experience Researchers conduct user research, collect data and derive insights to guide design. User Experience Designers, on the other hand, take these insights as an input into their design processes and create digital products for them by keeping the user perspective in focus. There is an "insight transfer process" that occurs as a result of research processes between these two professions. This process can be carried out using different research deliverables. In today's companies, this deliverable mostly proceeds through a uniform and predetermined format. However, the current needs of each project, designer, researcher and even company may be different. Therefore, it is thought that transferring each research to designers in a uniform format may negatively affect their new idea generation processes. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to examine from a user-centered design perspective how designers interact with different research deliverables and how these formats affect the processes of generating new ideas. By examining research deliverables from different aspects such as language, content, visualization and narration, it focuses on how changes on these aspects affect designers. The study consists of two stages. While the first stage is positioned as a preliminary study, the second stage is the main study. Within the scope of the preliminary study, semi-structured interviews were conducted and qualitative data that would provide background for the subject was obtained. The second stage is divided into two phases and was conducted using three research methods together. First, digital probe kits were created using the "cultural probes" method and shared with the participants. At this stage, data such as how designers generally interact with different research output formats, what information they find important and which format they prefer to generate ideas through are collected. While the cultural probes method was carried out through a digital environment, the moments when users interacted with the kits were also observed with the observation method. Finally, one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten people who participated in the cultural probes process, aiming to understand the subject in depth. All qualitative data obtained at the end of this process were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. In the light of this entire research process, which features of different research deliverables were found more effective by designers and how they affected the idea generation processes were examined through three categories. These categories are defined as "insight transferring process", "design and research processes" and "working dynamics of designer". The findings of the analysis were interpreted under three subjects. These subjects are conveyed as "findings related to research deliverables", "findings related to the working dynamics between the designer and researcher" and "conceptual categorization of the findings ". As a result, it has been seen that the research deliverables examined in the study evoke different meanings on designers and the usage areas of each deliverable may vary depending on the needs of the project being worked on. At the same time, it has been observed that research deliverables play an important role in the insight transfer process and that more user-oriented products can be created when the correct deliverable is used according to the usage areas. User experience research can be conducted with exploratory and evaluative approaches, and it has been seen that research deliverables can be categorized under these two approaches. At the same time, the positive and negative aspects of each deliverable were examined according to the designers and new suggestions was presented to improve them. Thus, this study aims to increase the understandability of the process of analyzing the data collected from users and sharing them with designers as insights in research deliverables. It is thought that the findings of this study can help researchers to choose the right deliverable to transfer insights according to their project needs and be able to create user-oriented products by improving designer-researcher dynamics. Finally, suggestions were made for future studies. These studies can be handled by examining different research deliverables, examining the new proposal by comparing it with different deliverables, or expanding it with a different group of designers.
Investigating how users make sense of unused products in domestic space

(Graduate School, 2022-06-14) Coşkun, Beril ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502181901 ; Industrial Design

In this study, the users evaluated their relations with their possessions that are no longer used in the home environment through these factors and practices. In the literature, the stages of the relationship that users establish with these products are defined. In this research, the user-product relationship is at a stage after a breakdown point, thus, the product is not disposed of even though it is no longer used. The main study was carried out in two stages. Survey and semi-structured interview methods were used to reveal the correlation between the determinants of product attachment and the practices of the users, and the observation method accompanied these methods. In the first stage, an online survey consisting of multiple choice and open-ended questions was conducted, which included associating unused possessions with determinants of product attachment and practices, and participants were asked to evaluate their possessions for each concept. In the second stage, interviews were conducted with 10 participants who participated in the survey and it was aimed to get more detailed and comprehensive data from users about their possessions.
Investigating user experiences with domestic service robots through metaphors: The case of robot vacuum cleaners

(Graduate School, 2022-01-21) Önal, Onurcan ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502181907 ; Industrial Design ; Endüstriyel Tasarım

Using metaphors, telling something by meaning something other, is common in daily speech and they are thought to be constructing our conceptual structures. This thesis aims to elicit metaphors used in the expressions about domestic service robots, which are drawing the attention of users and intertwined with daily lives. Conceptualization of and interaction with domestic service robots through metaphors and metaphors' effects on the domestic service robot experience are the key issues of this research. These issues were studied through robot vacuum cleaners, a popular member of the domestic service robot genre, and with this aim, three research methods were applied within an empirical study. These research methods included unobtrusive methods, surveying and semi-structured interviews, each of which had specific sub-purposes within the study design. Firstly, unobtrusive methods were used as a discovery tool for the research field without disturbing the setting. The key insights for conducting further research methods, which comprised product specifications in the market, marketing arguments, initial steps of experiencing robot vacuum cleaners and common problems with these products, were found out with this method. Secondly, a survey research method was used to both determine the demographic profile of robot vacuum cleaner users and measure their perceptions of the robot vacuum cleaners they have been experiencing with semantic differential scales. It was observed in the survey results (N=118) that participants had been experiencing their robot vacuum cleaners for up to more than 3 years. At the same time, participants were seen as perceiving their robot vacuum cleaners as nonanthropomorphic, inanimate, likable and intelligent when asked directly with semantic differential scale items. These results provided a basis for the next research step in terms of giving tangible outcomes for user-profiles and their perceptions. Thirdly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the voluntary survey participants. The interview schedule included topics covering participants' overall robot vacuum cleaner experience from the purchasing phase or daily routines to maintenance, difficulties, anecdotes or wishes. These interviews (N=10) were recorded and transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed by utilizing the qualitative content analysis (QCA) method. In QCA, the interview transcriptions were segmented into units of coding and each unit was matched with one or more code from the coding frame, which was structured upon concept-driven and data-driven approaches. It was seen in the QCA results that most of the units were about participants' robot vacuum cleaner experiences and half of all units included metaphors. Furthermore, experience and metaphor codes most frequently co-occurred together. This connection signaled a tight connection between the robot vacuum cleaner experience and metaphors. When this connection was elaborated in terms of metaphors, it was determined that there were four main metaphor source groups in the expressions of participants, which were "person", "animal", "space" and "vehicle". The interpretation of metaphor source groups was made afterward. Individual metaphor sources in the groups were are analyzed upon their saliences and relatednesses. The most frequent source in the most frequent source group "person" is seen as the "housekeeper" metaphor source. "Housekeeper" metaphor was salient with its "cleaning" and "autonomy" aspects, which are matching with the intended purpose of "robot" "vacuum cleaner"s. Additionally, "pet" metaphors were found salient with their "friendliness" and "playfulness" aspects or "house" metaphor sources were highlighted with their being "supply unit"s, which were indirectly contributing to "person" metaphors. Finally, a matrix that includes the metaphor sources and saliences/relatednesses is presented with the matches of determined metaphor sources and their saliences/relatednesses as a summary of the findings. These findings were then considered as direct answers to the research questions of the thesis. The study was then concluded by interpreting the use of given metaphors as the means of providing a fluent acceptance at domestic environments and an engaging experience to its users.
Kullanıcı deneyimi alanında araştırma süreçlerinin incelenmesi: Araştırma tasarımına yönelik iyileştirme önerileri

(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022) Tülüce, Örsan Berkay ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 717974 ; Endüstriyel Tasarım Bilim Dalı

Kullanıcı deneyimi araştırmaları farklı bağlamları ve durumları, veri noktalarını ilişkilendirerek tarif eder; belirsizliği azaltarak tasarım kararlarının alınmasını kolaylaştırır. Ürün/servis stratejilerinin, tasarım kararlarının kullanıcı etrafında, kullanıcıyı dikkate alarak şekillendirilmesinde rol oynar. İhtiyaçları izleyen veriyi elde etmek ve elde edilen veriyi aksiyon alınabilir, uygulanabilir içgörülere dönüştürmek sistematik bir yaklaşım ve farklı disiplinlerin aynı paydada buluşmasını kolaylaştıracak bir tasarım süreci gerektirir. Araştırma tasarımı süreci de, bir ürün veya servis tasarımında olduğu gibi karakteri itibariyle stratejik bir süreçtir. Kısıtlarla fırsatların, bilinenlerle bilinmeyenlerin bir amaç ve plan doğrultusunda sentezlenmesini, aksiyonların önceliklendirilmesini gerektirir. Araştırmanın ana hatlarını çizer; araştırma ihtiyacınının tanımlanmasından içgörülerin tasarım kararlarına dönüştürülmesine, araştırma sürecinin uçtan uca ne şekilde yürütüleceğini tarif eder. Araştırma sürecindeki belirsizlikleri azaltarak, çok paydaşlı ürün/servis geliştirme süreçlerinde paydaşların aynı sayfada buluşmasını, disiplinler arası diyaloğu kolaylaştırır. Karakteri itibariyle değişkenlerin öngörülemez olabildiği araştırma sürecinde karşılaşılabilecek zorlukları haritalandırır, araştırmanın uygulanmasını ve içgörülerin sentezlenip tasarım kararlarına dönüştürülmesini kolaylaştırır. Bu araştırma kapsamında, ürün/servis geliştirme süreçlerinde konumlanan, kullanıcı gruplarını anlama veya doğru tasarımı tarif etme işleviyle kullanıcı beklentilerini, yönelimlerini keşfetmeyi amaçlayan kullanıcı deneyimi araştırmalarının tasarlanması noktasındaki yaklaşımların, yaygın iş yapma pratiklerinin anlaşılmasına odaklanılmış; araştırmacıların araştırma tasarımı noktasında karşılaştıkları zorlukların anlaşılması ve bu sürecin ele alınmasını kolaylaştırıcı içgörülerin, önerilerin tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırma tasarımı sürecinde izlenen yönelimlerin bütüncül olarak tasvir edilmesi, yaygın yaklaşımların, iş yapış biçimlerinin tarif edilmesi amacıyla nitel araştırmalarda sıklıkla faydalanılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere başvurulmuş; çalışmakta oldukları kurumlarda farklı ünvanlar altında kullanıcı deneyimi araştırması yapmakta olan katılımcılar ile bir araya gelinmiştir. Bu aşamayı takiben elde edilen tüm sözel veri ve gözlemler yazılı hale getirilip, nitel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yönelimlerin ve anlatıların gruplanarak incelenmesiyle örüntüler tanımlanmış; veriye dayalı kategoriler üzerinden bulgular sentezlenmiştir. Son olarak, kullanıcı deneyimi araştırması süreçlerinde kritik işleve sahip araştırma tasarımı sürecinin ürün/servis geliştirme süreçlerinde ele alınış şekli, araştırmacıların bu süreçte izledikleri yollar, zorlandıkları noktalar tanımlanmış; elde edilen bulgular, literatür taramasıyla da buluşturularak araştırma tasarımı sürecinin yürütülmesini kolaylaştırmaya dönük öneriler ve yaklaşımlar ortaya konmuştur. Çalışma bütüncül olarak değerlendirildiğinde, araştırma tasarımının araştırma sürecindeki etkisi ortaya konmuş, bu adımda alınan aksiyonların, yapılan tercihlerin araştırmanın verimliliği ve araştırma çıktısı noktasında ciddi farklılıklara sebep olabileceği görülmüştür. Araştırmacının araştırma tasarımı sürecinde izlediği yaklaşımda, çalışılan organizasyonun, ürün/servis sürecinde işbirliği kurulan paydaşların, araştırma kapsamında odaklanılan bağlamın son derece etkili olduğu anlaşılmış; araştırmacının arka planının, deneyim tasarımı ve araştırma bağlamına olan hakimiyetinin de bu sürecin ele alınışında belirleyici olduğu keşfedilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, araştırma tasarımı sürecinin, araştırma ihtiyacının değerlendirilmesi, araştırma kapsamının belirlenmesi, araştırma kurgusunun oluşturulması, katılımcı grubunun belirlenmesi, araştırma yürütme sürecinin planlanması olmak üzere yaygın olarak beş adımda ele alındığı; bu adımların detay düzeyinin, araştırmaya ayrılan bütçe, araştırmanın ürün/servis geliştirme sürecindeki konumu, araştırmanın gerçekleştiği ortam gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebildiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Son olarak, kullanıcı deneyiminde araştırma tasarımınının yapılandırılma sürecini tarif eden içgörüler, bu süreçte araştırmacıların karşılaştıkları zorluklar, literatürle de ilişkilendirilerek tartışmaya açılmış; bu sürecin ele alınmasını kolaylaştırıcı öneriler paylaşılarak çalışma sonlandırılmıştır.
Making sense of data within the context of user-centered design: A study on amateur running

(Graduate School, 2023-01-19) Genç, İrem ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502191908 ; Industrial Design

With the datafication of an ever-increasing range of human activities, Big Data, as a social, cultural and technological phenomenon has fundamentally altered various aspects of human life. As one of these aspects, sport activities have started being increasingly datafied, addressing not only professional, but also amateur and recreational athletes from a wide range of disciplines. Getting immensely popular in public life and being adopted by millions of people worldwide, running has also become highly engaged in data practices, especially with the increasing attention to self-tracking technologies. Considering this increasing presence of data in everyday life contexts, exploring how data becomes meaningful for the ones who generate, track, and record it has vital importance to understand the real value and potential of data in today's world, as well as in design studies. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate data sense making practices of amateur runners from a user-centered design perspective. Defining sense making as an active process emerging through human-artifact interaction and embracing meaning as the central concept in human-centered design, it focuses on the ways data become meaningful and gain value in the context of running. In the first step of the study, a fieldwork is conducted by using three research methods. First, unobtrusive measures are embraced and used throughout the fieldwork to gain a general understanding about the topics under research. Also, an online qualitative survey is used to gain a comprehensive insight about runners, running communities and running experience in the broadest sense. Then, in the light of survey findings, in-depth semi-structured interviews are conducted to better understand both the runners' running experience and their interactions with the artifacts in the running context. After the fieldwork is completed, qualitative data gathered through interviews is analyzed by carrying out qualitative content analysis. Finally, all findings are interpreted accordingly. In this way, the act of data sense making of amateur runners is described. The findings of the study show that this act is complex and has a variety of elements involving physical, emotional, environmental, device-related and social ones. With this complex nature, the act of data sense making in amateur running is defined with two main categories: "data resolution" and "data response". Accordingly, the meaning, value and role of data in running are identified and explained under three main subjects: "data as a means in running", "data as an end in running" and "data as a burden in running". The findings of the study demonstrate that data have gained various meanings for different runners as they interact with them. Also, these meanings affect and shape the ways runners use and interact with their trackers, their tracking practices, their engagement with running itself and their self-perceptions and self-presentations in terms of their runner identities. In this sense, it is understood that their data and related practices have a significant role in runners' running experience, affecting its both performative and social dimensions. As the concluding remarks, some ideas are shared in terms of how the current findings can provide insights for design research and practice. Embracing data itself as an artifact and recognizing the fluid presence of data across different everyday life contexts are presented as the potential contributions to the design domain. Also, it is argued how the act of data sense making described in this study can be a design tool for future studies in the intersection of data and design. Moreover, some suggestions are made for future studies. These studies can examine data practices not only in various sports activities, but also in a variety of human activities that have been datafied in today's world. Also, examining these studies across generations can provide further perspectives in better understanding the presence of data in society and positioning it in design studies in a more inclusive way. As for the concept of self-tracking, artificial intelligence technologies can open up new perspectives in this regard.
Nesnelerin ekolojisi bağlamında mutfağın ekosistem metaforu ile anlamlandırılması

(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2023) Uyanık, Oben Sena ; Çelikoğlu, Özge ; 502201915 ; Endüstriyel Tasarım Ana Bilim Dalı

Tasarım disiplininde yıllar boyunca tasarımın rolü ve önemi tartışılarak ürün estetiği, üretim biçimi ve malzemesi gibi konuların üzerinde durulmuştur. Zamanla tasarım araştırmalarının merkezine kullanıcıyla olan etkileşim alınarak daha anlamlı nesneler ve ürünler yaratılması ve kullanıcı yaşamlarının iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Anlamlar kullanıcısıyla etkileştiğinde doğar ve her türden etkileşim bağlamında dönüşür ve yeniden üretilir.Kullanıcıyı merkeze alan tasarım yaklaşımlarında kullanıcı deneyimi ve pratiklerine odaklanılarak kullanıcı çevresindeki tüm etkileşimler çeşitli kapsamlarda anlamlandırılmaya çalışılır. Tasarım süreçlerinde kullanıcıyı anlayabilmek, onun isteklerini, ihtiyaçlarını ve içgörülerini onun dilinden tanıyıp yakalayabilmek oldukça önemlidir. Tasarım araştırmacıları kullanıcıyı gözlem, katılımcı gözlem, kültür incelemeleri (cultural probes), görüşmeler gibi çok çeşitli yöntemlerle kavramaya çalışır. Kültür incelemeleri (cultural probes) kullanıcıların tercihlerine,yaşam tarzlarına odaklanarak onların iç dünyalarını keşfeder ve tasarım sürecindeki yaratıcı fikirlerin üretimine katkı sunar. Ancak kullanıcı nesne ilişkisi kesiti dışında nesneler arası etkileşimler de tasarım senaryoları için oldukça önemlidir. Nesnelerin birbirlerine davranışları, tutumları, bir arada oluşturduğu anlamlı ekoloji sistemi, tasarıma ilham verici çıkış noktalarını tespit edebilmek adına elverişlidir. Bunun yanında, tasarım araştırmalarında metaforların kullanımı ürün geliştirme sürecinde, kullanıcılardan anlamlı veriler elde edilmesinde ve halihazırda var olana yaratıcı bir perspektiften bakabilmesinde bir araç olarak görülebilmektedir. Metaforlar, kullanıcıların kendi deneyimlerini daha iyi anlamalarına ve aktarmalarına, tasarımcıların ise bu deneyimleri tasarım sürecine entegre etmelerine yardımcı olur.Mutfak; işlevleri, pratikleri, günlük kullanımı ve içindeki nesneler dünyasıyla birden çok etkileşimin bir arada olduğu ev içi mekanlardan biridir. Araştırmanın konusu gündelik hayatın en aktif mekanı olan mutfağa ve bu mekanın barındırdıklarına ekosistem metaforu ile bakarak anlamlı ilişki izlerini takip edebilmektir. Araştırma sürecinde kültürel incelemeler (cultural probes) ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Kültürel incelemeler çalışmasında yer alan on dokuz katılımcı, mutfaklarına ve mutfak eşyalarına dair görevlerin ve soruların yer aldığı yedi günlük çalışma ile kendilerini ve deneyimlerini belgelemişlerdir. Ardından on katılımcı ile yapılan görüşmeler ve bazı katılımcı mutfaklarına dahil olunarak yapılan gözlemler ile çalışma derinleştirilerek elde edilen veriler etnografik içerik analizi yöntemiyle irdelenmiştir. Yürütülen alan çalışmasında ortaya çıkan veriler, ekoloji metaforu ile aralarında örtüşmeler kurularak incelendiğinde, mutfak ekosistemi ve mutfak etkileşimleri başlıklarında iki ana bulguya varıldığı görülmüştür.Mutfak ekosisteminin merkezinde pratiklerden ve deneyimlerden oluşan mutfak rutinini devam ettirmek yer alırken rutini etkileyen ışık, ses, ısı ve koku gibi faktörlerin anlamı bu bağlamda keşfedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Mutfaktaki etkileşimler ise ekosistemdeki ilişkiler ile paralel şekilde irdelenerek işbirlikçi etkileşimler ve rekabetçi etkileşimler başlıkları altında aktarılmıştır. Nesneler arası işbirliklerinde ritüel, malzeme, işlev ve fiziksel nitelik kavramları önemli olurken, nesne kullanıcı işbirliğinde ürün bağı, ergonomi, performans ve tasarruf gibi unsurlar öne çıkmıştır. Nesneler arası rekabet işlev ve enerji kaynağı özelinde ilerlerken, kullanıcı nesne rekabeti, katkı temsili, temas isteği ve dağınıklık kaygısı gibi çeşitlenmiştir. Bu araştırma ile mutfak, ekosistem metaforu perspektifinde keşfedilip, sınırları içerisindeki nesnelerin ekolojisi ise etkileşimleri bağlamında araştırılmıştır. Bu tez ışığında ortaya çıkan bulgular mutfak, mutfak nesneleri ve kullanıcılar arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi anlamada tasarım araştırmacılarına ve tasarımcılara yol gösterici olabilir. Ayrıca tez mutfak sınırları içindeki eşyaların tasarım süreçlerini iyileştirmede tasarım pratiğine katkı sunabilir ve ilgili alanda daha fazla araştırma yapılmasına davet ederek endüstriyel tasarımcıların bu alanlara daha fazla odaklanmasına ilham olma potansiyeline sahiptir.

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