LEE- Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı Lisansüstü Programı - Yüksek Lisans
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ÖgeDesign thinking in technology startups, an explorative study on design thinking implementations at ITU seed incubation center(Graduate School, 2022-10-24)As a professional industrial designer and partner of a design consultancy company we have been always excited to work with new customers in new fields. For this reason, as a design office, providing industrial design services, we were also interested in entrepreneurship ecosystem, and after expanding our business development area here, we had opportunities to meet many technology-based entrepreneurs and develop projects with them. The demand for cooperation with entrepreneurs increased, as expected and we started to devote some of our time to the field of entrepreneurship, in order to stay up-to-date, follow the innovations and improve ourselves on how to advance better project processes and communicate them. When we started to develop more projects with entrepreneurs from different fields, we noticed over time some recurring challenges and realized that some aspects of these challenges differ from those experienced with companies. The need to identify these challenges and thus to better understand entrepreneurs and manage the project processes was clear. Taking this as a starting point, I came to the idea of conducting a case study research on this subject. It can be stated that the subject of this thesis is based on personal experiences gained in the projects developed in cooperation with the entrepreneurs. Since my professional business relations are with entrepreneurs in ITU Seed Incubation Center (ITU Seed), I decided to conduct the research with the startups here. Another important reason for this was that ITU Seed was affiliated with the university I was enrolled in and therefore was open to resource access, and therefore open to resource access, which is one of the most important issues in the research. Thus, while contributing to the literature, I wanted to be able to make this contribution through the university I graduated from. The courses where I shared my professional experiences with students in the ITU industrial design department and the corporate commitment built over the years had an impact on this also. ITU Seed is the incubation mechanism of ITU Arı Teknokent, that supports technology start-ups at any stage and contribute to their success by providing them guidance for government and privet support programs, preparation for investor meetings and presentations, and trainings mentoring program. When we look at these trainings, we see that new entrepreneurs participate in an intensive program that combines the 'Business Model Canvas and Lean Startup' method with the "Design Thinking" method, adapted to ITU Seed. Within this frame, the subject of this study is to reveal how entrepreneurs at ITU Seed Incubation Center use design thinking method. The research aims to focus on design thinking processes of startups and obtain findings about how the stages are fconstructed. To be more specific, we attempt to look at the stages of design thinking and understand how design thinking perceived, applied and implemented by the startups. Since design thinking approach is most valuable in the early stages of the design process when opportunities are being identified and new concepts are being proposed (Postma et al, 2012). Within this regard, such a problem and hypothesis can be understood by investigating how entrepreneurs iterate the early stages in the process and how they implement design thinking in these stages of the project they are developing. Here we found it necessary to emphasize the distinction at on which level design thinking positioned in organizations, since design practices can interface with organisations on different levels (Dorst, 2011). There are two different discourses discussing design thinking. Johansson and Woodilla (2010) clearly point out these two separate discourses and name them as the 'design discourse' and the 'management discourse'. Management discourse focuses on the need to improve managers' design thinking skills for better business success Johansson and (Woodilla, 2010). For a more clear explanation of management discourse, Brown (2009) presents design thinking as a human-centered approach to innovation inspired designer's way of working and thinking, which people with non-design backgrounds can use. In this study we will focus on design discourse and usage of design thinking be the entrepreneur on their projects in terms of design thinking is a catalyst for innovation and bringing new things into the world (Plattner et al, 2011). Now we would like to mention the methods and tools to be used in the research to obtain this data set. The aim of this study is to focus the design thinking processes of startups at ITU Seed and reveal how design thinking perceived, applied and implemented within the project process. Since case studies are pertinent when the research addresses an explanatory question 'How or why did something happen?' (Yin, 2014), in order to investigate this field, a qualitative case study method and explorative approach are best suited for this study. The preparation for data collection is one of the most important stages of the research. Yin (2009) mentions, training for a case study investigation actually begins with the definitions of the questions being addressed and the development of the case study design. We determined the semi-structured interview as the method to be used in the case study research, we aimed to reach more reliable information by directing the people we will meet with this way, and we started by preparing the topics and questions we would talk about. Since we had difficulties in finding suitable sampling in this study, the snowball method was used to determine the interviewees. Except for the three entrepreneurs we reached this way, we conducted interviews with two mentors we met during the study, as the mentors could provide invaluable divergent data that can be included in research and the findings could be useful in terms of understanding other stakeholders of the subject and achieving data triangulation by increasing data diversity. In summary, this study is based on semi constructed interviews conducted with 3 startups in the pre-incubation phase of ITU Seed, and 2 mentors and 1 designer, identified as other stakeholders on the practices of design thinking in startups at ITU Seed. For the analysis and interpretation of all outcomes from the study, we used affinity diagram analysis method. Data obtained from the audio recordings of the interviews used as input for the analysis and were clustered. Three prominent clusters emerged relevant to the research questions, we called 'concepts'. We named the expressions that can be placed under these concepts, which can be considered as the main heading in a sense, as sub-concepts, and we visualized the results by sorting them according to the most emphasis. We now want to present these findings. Three prominent concepts have been already mentioned as perception of design thinking, application of design thinking and implementation of design thinking. Now we would like to explain in what sense they are used in this study an the main characteristics of each startup. We evaluated the answers of startups to the questions, 'What do you understand when it comes to design thinking?' and 'What does design thinking mean to you and to your organization?', under perception of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly and that, in a sense, show their characteristic of perception as follows: Startup A iterative problem solving, startup B design project management and startup C mindset and methodology. For the second concept, we evaluated the answers of startups to the question, 'Why or when do you need design thinking?', under application of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly show their characteristic of application as follows: Startup A understanding customers/users, startup B design development and startup C exploring new opportunities. For the last one, we evaluated the answers of startups to the question, 'What are the methods and tools you use in your design thinking processes?', under implementation of design thinking. We can list the findings that they emphasized clearly show their tool for implementation as follows: Startup A participatory action research, startup B POC field test observation and startup C interview with potential customers. The findings include data on the perception, application and implementation of design thinking of startups, as well as on design thinking structures, key benefit of design thinking for their organization or key success factors. This study is significant in terms of revealing how entrepreneurs operating in ITU Seed Incubation Center use design thinking methods in their projects, collecting data that can also be used in further studies in this field, and making suggestions about how they can use this method more efficiently and effectively. The results to be obtained will not only contribute to the entrepreneurial ecosystem for entrepreneurs to use design thinking more effectively, but also to the value creation of technology-based entrepreneurs by using them, to update the contents of the entrepreneurial trainings given at ITU Seed Incubation Center.
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ÖgeTechnology acceptance of 3d food printers and 3d printed food in domestic environments(Graduate School, 2022)The acceptability of new technologies and new products by users is a popular research topic. In this research, technology acceptance of food printing will be investigated in food and appliance dimensions. Unlike the existing studies on this technology, it also looks at 3D food printing technology from a design perspective and examines the relationship between food design and 3D food printing under two main dimensions: design of food and appliance. This technology makes possible to produce food in designs that are difficult to achieve by using traditional methods. Studies show that the appearance and texture of the food has an impact on the user's decision to consume a food. In 3d food printer design, there are many factors that will affect the expectations of the users and the decision of use for a appliance that will be placed in the kitchen and to be used in producing food. Under the headings of food and appliance design, the design of the service required to present this technology to the user and the design of the interfaces where the users will make the necessary settings and modeling to get output from this product are also included in this relationship. Food printing requires some digital platforms and systems that require human interaction. It is necessary to select the dish, define the recipe and design if necessary, and adapt the data to the printer or obtain the model and print settings from online platforms. Another issue is service design, which is an important part of the usability and accessibility of a food print. The user's ability to install, use and access the hardware and software should be considered as an experience design. Work should be done on the provision of content and the provision of reliable content. 3D food printers offer a new food production method for use both at home and in food companies or small businesses, thanks to the developments in today's 3D printing technology. It allows consumers to produce personalized products at home. 3D printing can bring culinary arts and non-professional food manufacturers closer together. In the future, this technology will enable everyone to access every recipe and easily produce that dish at home whenever they want. In addition, the user can reach the food that is free from harmful ingredients and has the nutritional values they need. 3D food printers in their current form have barriers such as shelf life, lack of official regulations, constraints of usable materials and the need for processes such as cooking and freezing after printing process. Although it is frequently used in areas such as chocolate printing and cake decoration to create presentation and interesting forms, it is thought that it will change food production methods and become widespread in the future with its potential benefits such as personalized food and new food sources.
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ÖgeCo-design approach to raise awareness: A case on fertility(Graduate School, 2021-06-11)Since many societies are affected by taboo topics and every society absorbs them in its own way, changing people's beliefs and behaviors on a taboo topic can be challenging. Fertility, as a taboo issue, has been a hot topic for a long time because there is a trend to delay childbearing in most countries, notably among higher educated individuals. Delaying childbearing is a personal choice; however, it should be taken consciously considering its consequences as aging-related social issues. Most people lack sufficient or accurate information about their reproductive health. Due to the social context based on taboos, when behavioral change is desired through design, it should be within the framework of a co-design and participatory approach. Therefore, the current study took women's fertility as a case and aimed to explore how designed material may create awareness and encourage behavior change compared to underdesigned material on a taboo topic. A mixed method approach was taken as methodology. First, an extensive literature review was held on the key areas including fertility awareness, participatory design, and behavior change. The interdisciplinary nature of the study area enabled design, psychology, and medical subjects to merge in this design research study. In light of the literature, the design of the experiment consisted of pre-post surveys, expert interviews, a co-design workshop, and data analyses. The career goals-associated delayed childbearing among higher educated individuals may occur fertility problems. The selected participant group was higher-educated Turkish university students and academicians aged between 18 to 45 years. Firstly, the pre-survey was completed with 153 participants, 106 of whom gave their e-mail addresses to attend the post-survey. The first findings from the pre-survey showed that even highly educated people had insufficient knowledge about their fertility, which is in line with the literature. After the pre-survey, expert interviews were conducted with four experts to get insights and discover unknown facts. In the co-design workshop, both empathy mapping and brainstorming sessions were organized with twelve shareholders to explore the main features of the behavioral change model in regard to fertility potential. With these co-design sessions, a fear-inducing video was designed to motivate people by reminding them of the aging process and describing how to learn about their fertility potential. The experimental group was informed with a fear-inducing video and the control group was informed with a brief text at the beginning of the post-survey. A comparison-based analysis was performed to determine whether the video-informed participants gained awareness of their fertility or not compared to text-informed ones. The findings showed that both groups gained information; however, fertility awareness of the video-informed ones increased significantly as compared to the text-informed ones. This increased awareness can be considered the first step of behavior change on fertility issues. While almost all of the participants of the video-informed group changed their ranking of the most important factor as "ovarian reserve" contrary to their initial rankings, only half of the text-informed group ranked it as the most important. Furthermore, the video-informed group increased their true statement selections by about 70% and decreased false statement selection by 45% according to comparative analysis between their pre- and post-survey responses. In conclusion, this study showed that a designed material was more effective than an underdesigned material in creating awareness and encouraging behavior change on a taboo topic in the case of fertility. While raising awareness and encouraging behavior change, this study embraced a shift from a "designing for them" approach to a "designing with them" approach. Taken together, this thesis can be considered as one of the first studies to contribute to the literature by studying how a designed material can create awareness and encourage behavior change on taboo topics through a co-design approach. Nevertheless, there were some limitations during the study. The Coronavirus pandemic affected the study plan and decreased the sample size of the participants. All meetings were conducted online because of the pandemic. Also, long-term observation and social impact assessment could not be performed because of the short time schedule of the thesis.
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ÖgeInvestigating how users make sense of unused products in domestic space(Graduate School, 2022-06-14)In this study, the users evaluated their relations with their possessions that are no longer used in the home environment through these factors and practices. In the literature, the stages of the relationship that users establish with these products are defined. In this research, the user-product relationship is at a stage after a breakdown point, thus, the product is not disposed of even though it is no longer used. The main study was carried out in two stages. Survey and semi-structured interview methods were used to reveal the correlation between the determinants of product attachment and the practices of the users, and the observation method accompanied these methods. In the first stage, an online survey consisting of multiple choice and open-ended questions was conducted, which included associating unused possessions with determinants of product attachment and practices, and participants were asked to evaluate their possessions for each concept. In the second stage, interviews were conducted with 10 participants who participated in the survey and it was aimed to get more detailed and comprehensive data from users about their possessions.
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ÖgeEndüstri ürünlerinde tasarımın değerlendirilmesi(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1995)Değerlendirme günümüzde tasarlama sürecinin bölünmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Değer verme, değerIendirme ve karar verme tasarımcı için bir yöntem sorunu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde 19.YYın el işçiliğine dayanan üretimine yönelik tasarım anlayışından vazgeçilmiş kitlesel üretime yönelik endüstri ürünlerinin tasarımına geçilmiştir. Endüstri tasarımı bugün artık dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir güç olmuştur. Endüstri tasarımının önem kazanması, ürünün ne şekilde değerlendirileceği kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Endüstri ürününde aranan temel nitelikler işlevsellik, ekonomi ve estetiktir. Tasarımcının amacı insana uygun bir çevre yaratmaktır. Bu yapay çevreyi oluşturan tasarlanmış ürünler olduğuna göre tasarımcıya düşen görev gerek ürünlerin işlevselliğini, kullanışlılığını gerekse görsel niteliklerini geliştirmektir. Bu gelişimi ürünün tasarlanıp, üretilmesi, satılması ve kullanılması aşamalarında yapılacak değerlendirmeler sağlayacaktır. Değerlendirme ürünün özelliklerinin ortaya konması ve bu özelliklerin amaca uygunluğunun araştırılmasıdır. Endüstri tasarımı alanında ortaya konmuş bir ürünün başarısının değerlendirmesi tasarım, üretim ve satışın sağlıklı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi açısından yararlı olabileceği düşüncesi ile bu çalışma hazırlanmıştır.DeğerIendirme ile elde edilecek bilgiler ürünün geliştirilmesinde kullanılabileceği gibi aynı konuda ortaya konulacak başka bir ürünün özelliklerinin amaca daha uygun olmasını sağlayabilir.