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Polen stores all academic resources—such as books, articles, theses, papers, reports, and research data—directly or indirectly published by the academic and administrative staff and students of Istanbul Technical University in a digital environment in accordance with international standards. It facilitates monitoring the university’s academic performance, ensures the long-term preservation of resources, and provides open access to publications in compliance with copyright regulations to enhance their impact.
The ITU Open Access System provides access to scientific and artistic works—such as books, articles, theses, encyclopedias, and artworks—produced by our faculty members and students in accordance with international standards and intellectual property rights.

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Item type:Publication, Access status: Metadata only , Quantifying the impact of the uncertainty arising from spatial allocation on public health using CMAQ(Elsevier BV, 2025-04-01) Fulya Cingiroglu; Ezgi Akyuz; Mete Tayanc; Alper Unal; Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü; Çingiroğlu, Fulya; Akyüz, EzgiThe spatial allocation of emissions in air quality models introduces uncertainties that significantly impact pollution exposure assessments. This study quantified the effects of emission allocation uncertainty on atmospheric concentrations and exposure levels using the CMAQ modeling system. The research focused on the Afşin-Elbistan Power Plant (AP), with substantial emissions of SO2 (∼300,000 t/y) and PM2.5 (∼6000 t/y), evaluating the variability in concentrations from emission allocation in gridded inventories. 13 model simulations were conducted, including a base case (c0) where emissions were spatially allocated based on intersection ratios and 12 scenario cases (c1–c12) where emissions were assigned to different grids for 2018. Results showed significant variability in pollution levels and population exposures across scenario cases. In the Maximum Impact Zone (MIZ), annual mean PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 5.0 to 41.3 μg/m3, with differences up to 24.9 μg/m3 from the base case. SO2 exhibited even greater variability, with maximum differences reaching 338.2 μg/m3. The 95 % probability range of uncertainty for PM2.5 was estimated at −45 % to +96 %, while for SO2, it reached −84 % to +240 %. Grids A–F represent six selected regions with high population density, used to evaluate differences in concentration and exposure across scenarios. In Grid A-F, meteorology influenced these patterns, with low wind speeds causing pollutant build-up in Grid A, while pollutant transport affected Grids D–F in summer. Annual population exposure in Grid C ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 kg/y for PM2.5 and from 3.9 to 16.7 kg/y for SO2. This paper highlights the importance of not only absolute emission inventories but also spatial emission allocation in air quality models to enhance regulatory effectiveness and protect public health.Item type:Publication, Access status: Metadata only , Synergetic effect of functionalized few-layered graphene on structural, magnetic and electrical conductivity properties of CoCuFeNi high entropy alloys(Elsevier BV, 2025-04-01) Kucukelyas, Burak; Caha, Ihsan; Kaykilarli, Cantekin; Peters, James Caleb; Solak, Nuri; Uzunsoy, Deniz; Gurmen, Sebahattin; Metalurji ve Malzeme Müh.Böl.; Metalurji ve Malzeme Müh.Böl.; Solak, Nuri; Gürmen, SebahattinThis research investigates the integration of functionalized few-layered graphene (FG) into CoCuFeNi high entropy alloys (HEAs), uncovering notable improvements in their structural, magnetic, and electrical properties. By utilizing a functionalization technique with Triton X-100 as a surfactant, the study addresses graphene agglomeration, enhancing FG dispersion within HEAs during the mechanical alloying (MA) process. The impact of different FG concentrations (0.2 %, 1 %, 2 %, 10 % by weight) on HEA properties was examined. FG incorporation refined the microstructure, reducing crystallite size from 19.48 nm to 9.30 nm at 2 wt% FG, while higher concentrations led to a dual-phase FCC and BCC structure. Magnetic properties were modified, with coercivity increasing from 8.53 Oe in the base alloy to 144 Oe at 10 wt% FG, and saturation magnetization decreasing from 90.22 emu/g to 61.48 emu/g. Electrical conductivity also improved. These enhancements indicate the utility of FG-enriched HEAs in applications demanding robust microstructural refinement, magnetic properties, and high electrical conductivity.Item type:Publication, Access status: Metadata only , A comprehensive design and fabrication of rectangular waveguide differential phase shift circulator(Elsevier BV, 2025-04-01) Cengizhan Şahin; Serkan Şimşek; Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Bölümü; Şimşek, SerkanItem type:Publication, Access status: Metadata only , Binding interaction between sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and serum albumin: Insights from multi-spectroscopy methods, rheological characterization and molecular docking analysis(Elsevier BV, 2025-04-01) Zeynep Kalaycıoğlu; Kimya Bölümü; Kalaycıoğlu, ZeynepItem type:Publication, Access status: Metadata only , Degradation of ciprofloxacin with Fe(II)-activated peroxide and anaerobic digestion: Treatability studies in tap water and chicken waste(Elsevier BV, 2025-04-01) Idil Arslan-Alaton; Cigdem Yangin-Gomec; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; Alaton, İdil Arslan; Gömeç, ÇiğdemSelected advanced chemical and biochemical treatments were examined on effluents bearing the second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Firstly, ferrous iron(Fe)-activated peroxide oxidation was applied to Cipro-spiked reaction solutions (Cipro=2 mg/L in pure and real tap water; pH=5.0–5.5). An optimum ferrous iron:peroxide molar ratio of 1:2 (100 μM:200 μM) existed for all studied peroxides. Fe/persulfate performed best closely followed by Fe(II)/peracetic acid whereas Fe(II)/hydrogen peroxide always performed worse. In pure water (Fe2 +=100 μM; peroxide=200 μM; pH=5.0; T=22 °C), relative total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates averaged 60 % after 60 min treatment for Fe/peracetic acid and Fe/persulfate than for Fe/hydrogen peroxide (43 % after 60 min). In real tap water (TOC=3.8 mg/L; pH=7.5; adjusted to pH=5.5), Cipro removals slowed down and TOC removals decreased from 62 % to 37 % after 60 min Fe/peracetic acid treatment. Acute toxicity (Aliivibrio fischeri) originally being 48 % in the 2 mg/L Cipro-containing tap water decreased to 32 % after 60 min Fe/peracetic acid treatment. Secondly, anaerobic digestion was applied to raw chicken waste at a relatively higher Cipro (=15 mg/L) which showed quite high organics removal and substantial biogas recovery. Compared to 76 % soluble COD removal in the control reactor; 16 % less soluble COD removal was observed in the tractor bearing 15 mg/L Cipro. The highest volatile fatty acid yield of 617 mg COD/(g volatile solids added) was achieved with 5 mg/L Cipro that was 53 % higher than 15 mg/L Cipro-containing bioreactor. Although cumulative biogas production was suppressed by 30 % when Cipro exceeded 10 mg/L, Cipro was still well tolerated in the anaerobic treatment system.