LEE- Afet Yönetimi-Yüksek Lisans
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ÖgeAn evaluation about decision-making mechanisms within the scope of disaster management(Graduate School, 2022-05-16)The Decision-making process in the disaster management cycle has a very significant role in making versatile and effective actions at any level of management for people including disaster managers. People may face any emergency situation or any type of disaster in an unprecedented scale and psychological extent so corresponding decisions on disaster management should be taken at the highest possible reliable level. Thus, it is very crucial to make the right decisions before/during/aftermath the disasters in order to minimize any risks which have the capacity to transform any level of hazards related to life, economy and infrastructure. This thesis's main idea is to scrutinize appropriate decision-making methods which can be useful in compatibility between two systems of thinking, called "System 1" and "System 2", otherwise they are computing to each other to induce unconditioned risk management. The thesis is based on a general literature review in disaster management and a new hypothetical decision-making model for every phase of disaster management will be proposed. The model is composed of two main different parameters of critical level and number of decisions relative impact of the time. The model is formulated and named as "Density of Decisions". It may be possible that in future studies, various parameters e.g "Decision Quality" which are related to the field can be added to the formula. Thus, the decision-making process in disaster management can attain accurate results with a measurable perspective since the level of management difficulty is linked to the density of decision model. Also, disaster managers who aim to be entitled to disaster management will be able to evaluate the effectiveness in their opinions by using the hypothetical model. Integrating two modes of thinking into our model will surely enhance disaster manager's point of view in the decision-making process while they have to make multiple decisions under uncertainties in struggling severe situations. The contribution of this research will be influential and productive in making well-directed decisions and there will be a chance to verify or interrogate their actions with the aid of different branches of science.
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ÖgeCoğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile Covid-19 pandemisinin yönetimi ve bir salgın olayının yarattığı mekansal kırılganlığın CBS kullanılarak tespit edilmesi: Beşiktaş ve Sarıyer(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022-06-24)Günümüzde teknoloji hızla gelişip bir çok soruna çare olsa da, yetersiz kaldığı alanlar olabiliyor. Dünyamız 2019 senesinin aralık ayından beri görünmeyen bir düşmanla yani bir virüsle savaşmaktadır. Dünyamız, ortaya çıkan koronavirüs ile savaşırken bir çok sorunla karşı karşıya kalmıştır ve gerekli tepkiyi gelişen teknoloji ve tıbbi yöntemlere rağmen çok hızlı bir şekilde verememiştir. Bu durum yeni nesil bir salgının teknoloji ile nasıl yönetilebilir sorusunu daha çok akıllara getirmiştir. Yaşadığımız çağda nüfusun hızla artması ve kaynaklarımızın kısıtlı olmasından dolayı yaşamımızı sürdürülebilir hale getirebilmek için kaynak planlamasıNA ve yönetimine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu sebeple son dönemlerde veri ve veri biliminin önemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Coğrafi bilgi teknolojileri farklı disiplinlere veri sağlayan, verilerin analiz edilmesine ve farklı veri tabanlarının entegre bir şekilde çalışmasına olanak sağlayan bir sistemdir. Bir nevi veri havuzu niteliğindedir. Aynı zamanda konumsal verilerle çalışabilen ve bu sebepten zamandan ve ekonomiden tasarruf ederek, hızlı karar üretebilmemizi sağlayan bir sistem olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Dünyamızın son üç yıldır mücadele ettiği virüs artık bir salgın haline gelmiştir. Pandemi süreci aslında bir afetin içerisinde olduğumuzu bize göstermiştir. Bu sebeple pandemi döneminde en iyi şekilde korunabilmek ve kaynakları en iyi şekilde yönetebilmek için bütünleşik bir afet yönetimi uygulanmalı, bu uygulamalar da veri biliminin ışığında yapılmalıdır. Dolayısıyla pandemiyi etkin bir şekilde yönetebilmek için afet yönetimi uygulamaları coğrafi bilgi teknolojileri ile entegre edilerek planlamalar yapılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin en büyük metropolü İstanbul ilinin komşu olan Beşiktaş ve Sarıyer ilçelerinde koronavirüsün meydana getirdiği mekânsal kırılganlığın ne derecede olduğu ve afet yönetimi kapsamında ilk olarak hangi alanlara müdahale edilmesi gerektiği, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile incelenerek ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonrasında sonuç kısmı oluşturularak değerlendirmeler ve öneriler paylaşılmıştır.
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ÖgeEarthquake performance and project budget comparison of a conventional building and a seismically isolated building(ITU Graduate School, 2021)In the structural design process, various design methods are used all around the world. Seismic isolation is a relatively new method for designing earthquake-resistant structures in comparison with the conventional design approaches. Basically, all the design methodologies specified in the codes and specifications aim to protect life safety of the residents in the building by resisting the forces that may be occured by earthquakes. The energy released by the earthquake must be absorbed by structural elements before the structural failure occurs. While the structures that are designed according to conventional design approaches dissipate the earthquake energy by the help of the possible damages that may be occurred in its structural elements, the aim of base isolation usage is to diminish the effect of the forces that are transmitted to the structure from the ground. Therefore, in base-isolated buildings, the structural elements would be less damaged, and the structure may not lose its functionality after being exposed to different earthquake excitations. Seismic isolation devices are placed into the base of a structure to enhance the ability of energy dissipation. The energy is absorbed by the displacement of the isolation level. This reduces the earthquake effects that the building experiences. In this study, a five-storey structure is chosen to be analyzed from both earthquake safety and cost perspectives. Time history analysis are carried out with SAP 2000 software. The building's width and height are chosen as 40 m and 15 m, in a respective way. The buildings that have same width and height are modelled for two cases. One with fixed base and the other with base-isolation. Time History analysis are performed for both cases by using the same earthquake record to determine the earthquake performance of the buildings. In Case I, the fixed-base building is used. The earthquake performance of the building is obtained by the help of time history analysis. Secondly, a base isolated building is modeled and analyzed. In addition to the comparison of earthquake performance, this study evaluates the cost of these two cases. With no doubt during an earthquake the life safety is the primary concern however financial situation must also be taken into account during the design process. Cost estimation plays a prominent role for financial project budget. It aims to maintain the project with the available resourses. These resources, of course, have limitations since every project have its own budget and time-limit. The method of design has a great impact on the project budget of the building. Design method affects not only the construction cost of project, but also service-life of the project. The costs of both conventional and seismically isolated buildings are calculated. Then, the seismically isolated and conventional buildings are compared in terms of their seismic performance and the project budget.Finally, the result of seismic performance and the cost benefit are presented and discussed according to findings of the analysis. It is obtained from this thesis that, although the initial construction cost of the seismically isolated structure is obviously more than the conventional building, eventually in a possible earthquake scenario seismic isolation may provide financial advantage over the conventional building case.