LEE- Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19251

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Konu "Antarktika" ile LEE- Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans'a göz atma
  • Öge
    A decadal analysis of Antarctic tourism and investigation of current trends
    (Graduate School, 2022-01-18) Işıler, Doğaç Baybars ; Özsoy, Burcu ; 512201010 ; Maritime Transportation Engineering
    Antarctica has always been the focus of attention throughout its discovery history for many activities including scientific expedition, fishing, and tourism. These such kinds of various activities and values of Antarctica revealed the need for a common consortium. Therefore, the Antarctic Treaty System was founded in 1959 and entered into force in 1961. After that, some new organizations were established during the processing period of activities that have been carried out in Antarctica. Tourism is one of these activities which needs to be managed with common sense and legislation. Tourism activities have been carried out in Antarctica since the 1930s. However, the first cruise which was adopted for tourism expedition was conducted in 1969. After this date, the popularity of Antarctic tourism has been rising regularly, even some decreases were observed in some years. This popularity comes with the new activities. The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) was founded in 1991 to manage Antarctic activities from companies that have already had tourism operations in Antarctica. Since then, the IAATO has been getting bigger with the new joint of new establishment and been recording the statistics of Antarctic tourism. Antarctic tourism is not only carried out by seaborne activities despite general belief. Airborne tourism is also used to have tourism activities, especially in the deep field. Also, the crafts that are used in seaborne and airborne tourism, are used for countries' logistic operations too. This variety attracts the attention of tourists. In parallel with the increase in interest from tourists, the IAATO publishes visitor guidelines to manage activities and protect the environment. This attraction can be seen in the IAATO data released annually after 2000 – 2001 Antarctic tourism. Each year IAATO releases the data of visited sites, the total number of tourists, activities are carried out, vessels, and companies that are registered to the IAATO system. In this thesis, the investigation of decadal data between 2010 – 2011 and 2019 – 2020 seasons was carried out to figure out the current activities and future aspects. First of all, the total number of vessels are registered in the IAATO database was examined. Therefore, the volume of most used vessel types was indicated. Secondly, the most visited sites and carried out activities were investigated while showing on the map to identify the behavior of tourists. After that, the distribution of the number of tourists by nationality was indicated in the table. Based on the table that includes the total number of tourists' separation by the top 10 nationalities from last decadal data, a proportional increase in tourists over the years has been observed. At the same time, the number of establishments that are related to Antarctic tourism and the annual total number of tourists was compared by nationalities. Also, the relation between economy and Antarctic tourism was investigated based on gross national products of countries. With all these studies, the trend line for the increase in the number of tourists on a yearly basis has been created, and estimations have been made about the number of tourists for the coming years. As a result, all the data examined showed that Antarctic tourism increased on the basis of both activities and tourist numbers. This increase is expected to increase in the coming years, although the effects of Covid-19 are unknown. It is suggested that there is an opportunity for countries such as Turkey that are not currently operating in this field, by emphasizing the profitability of these increasing tourism activities. Thus, it can be said that the investment in Antarctic tourism would be a wise decision. However, before carrying out activities of this magnitude in Antarctica, one of the most isolated areas of the world, it needs to be considered that it would be more beneficial to establish cooperation with experienced institutions in the first place.