LEE- Matematik Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı
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Gözat
Sustainable Development Goal "none" ile LEE- Matematik Mühendisliği Lisansüstü Programı'a göz atma
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Sıralama Seçenekleri
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ÖgeEuclid uzaylarındaki hiperyüzeylerin Gauss tasvirinin tipleri ve Cheng Yau operatörü(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022) Kaya, Furkan ; Turgay, Nurettin Cenk ; 708762 ; Matematik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıChen ve Piccini tarafından ortaya konan "$ \mathbb{E}^{m} $ Euclid uzayının bir alt manifoldunun Gauss tasviri alt manifoldu ne ölçüde belirler?" probleminden sonra sonlu tipten Gauss tasvirine sahip alt manifoldların analizi çok aktif bir araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Şimdiye kadar bu probleme bazı faydalı kısmi çözümler sunulmuştur. $ \mathbb{E}^{m} $ Euclid uzayının $ n $ boyutlu bir $ M $ alt manifolduna, eğer $ x $ konum vektörü $ \Delta $ Laplace operatörünün özvektörlerinin sonlu bir toplamı olarak ifade edilebilirse sonlu tiptendir denir. Dolayısıyla $ M $ alt manifoldunun sonlu tipten olması için, $ x=x_0+x_1+x_2 \cdots +x_n$ olmalıdır. Burada $ x_0 $ sabit tasvir ve $ x_1,x_2,\hdots,x_n $ ise $\lambda_i \in \mathbb{R} $ olmak üzere $i=1,2,\hdots,k $ için $ \Delta x_i=\lambda_ix_i$ şartını sağlayan sabit olmayan tasvirlerdir. Eğer $ \lambda_1,\lambda_2,\hdots,\lambda_k $ özdeğerleri birbirinden farklı ise $ M $ alt manifoldu $ k $-tipindendir denir. $ M $, Euclid uzayının bir hiperyüzeyi olsun. Benzer şekilde bir $ \psi: M^{n}\xrightarrow{}E^{n+1} $ düzgün fonksiyonuna, eğer $ M $ hiperyüzeyinin Laplace operatörünün $ k $ tane ayrık özdeğerine karşılık gelen özvektörlerin toplamı olarak yazılıyorsa, $ k $-tipindendir denir. Eğer böyle bir $ k $ değeri varsa, $ \psi $ fonksiyonuna sonlu tiptendir denir. Yukarıda verilen tanımdan dolayı $ M $ hiperyüzeyinin 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip olması için gerek ve yeter şartın $$ \Delta G=\lambda(G+C) $$ diferansiyel denkleminin bir $ \lambda \in \mathbb{R} $ özdeğeri ve $ C $ sabit vektörü için sağlanması olduğu elde edilir. $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki düzlemler, dik silindirler ve küreler 1-tipi Gauss tasvirine sahip yüzeylerdir. Euclid uzayındaki sonlu tipten alt manifoldlar pek çok geometrici tarafından çalışılmış ve önemli sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Halen de bu konu ile ilgili pek çok açık problem bulunmakta ve bu açık problemler çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu problemlerin bazıları da hiperyüzeylerin Gauss tasvirleri ile ilgilidir. Günümüze kadar pek çok geometrici Euclid uzaylarındaki hiperyüzeylerin Gauss tasvirlerinin üzerine çalışmıştır. Diğer taraftan, Euclid uzayındaki bir $ M $ manifolduna, $ G $ Gauss tasviri $$ \Delta G=f(G+C) $$ denklemi düzgün bir $ f$ fonksiyonu ve bir $ C $ sabit vektörü için sağlanırsa, noktasal 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahiptir denir. Eğer bu denklem $ C=0 $ için sağlanırsa Gauss tasviri birinci çeşit noktasal 1-tipinden; $ C\neq0 $ için sağlanırsa ikinci çeşit noktasal 1-tipindendir denir. Örneğin, $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki helikoit, katenoid ve dik koni noktasal 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip yüzeylerdir. Son senelerde bu kavramlar genişletilerek genelleştirilmiş 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip alt manifold tanımı verilmiştir. Euclid uzayındaki bir $ M $ manifoldunun $ G $ Gauss tasviri $$ \Delta G=f_1G+f_2C $$ denklemi $ f_1,f_2 $ düzgün fonksiyonları ve bir $ C $ sabit vektörü için sağlanırsa genelleştirilmiş 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahiptir denir. Örneğin, $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki tüm dönel yüzeyler genelleştirilmiş 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahiptir. Bu tez çalışmasında $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ uzayındaki yüzeylerin Gauss tasvirlerinin tiplerine göre sınıflandırılmaları ile ilgili bazı teoremler çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde Cheng-Yau operatörüne göre noktasal 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip sabit ortalama eğrilikli ve sabit esas eğrilikli yüzeyler ile ilgili bilinen sonuçlar ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır. Sonra Weingarten yüzeyleri incelenmiştir. $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki doğrusal Weingarten yüzeyinin Cheng-Yau operatörüne göre ikinci çeşit noktasal 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip olması için bu yüzeyi düzlemin açık bir parçası olması gerektiği gösterilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki minimal yüzeylerin Cheng-Yau operatörüne göre genelleştirilmiş 1-tipinden Gauss tasvirine sahip olması için bazı teoremler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, helikal yüzeyler incelenmiş ve $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $ Euclid uzayındaki bir helisoidal yüzeyin $ \square $ noktasal 1-tipinden Gauss haritasına sahip olması için gerek ve yeter şartın o yüzeyin bir dönel yüzey olması veya sabit Gauss eğriliğine sahip olması gerektiği gösterilmiştir.
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ÖgeManifolds of generalised G-structures in string compactifications(Graduate School, 2023-03-22) Diriöz, Emine ; Özer, Aybike ; 509162201 ; Mathematical EngineeringA G-structure on a differentiable manifold M of dimension n can be described as a reduction of the linear frame bundle L(M) of M to a Lie subgroup G of $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$. Such a reduction is equivalent to the existence of certain geometric structures on M, depending on what the subgroup G is. For example, an O(n)-structure corresponds to the existence of a Riemannian metric g. Similarly, by the existence of an almost complex structure J, the structure group reduces to $GL(n/2,\mathbb{C})$. If a Riemannian metric and an almost complex structure are compatible and the metric is hermitian then the structure group reduces to SU(n/2). In a similar fashion, a generalized G-structure can be described as a reduction of the structure group of the principal bundle associated with the generalized tangent bundle $TM\oplus T^*M$. The natural structure group of $TM\oplus T^*M$ is O(n,n). The generalized G-structures also correspond to the existence of certain geometrical objects. For example, the reduction of the structure group from O(n,n) to $O(n)\times O(n)$ corresponds to the existence of a generalized metric. Similarly, on an even-dimensional real manifold $M$ a generalized almost complex structure is given by a reduction of the structure group from O(n,n) to U(n/2,n/2). A generalized almost complex structure is defined by the existence of a pure spinor which is a section of the exterior bundle $\bigwedge^\bullet T^* M$. The SU(n/2,n/2)-structure is equivalent to the existence of a globally defined pure spinor of non-vanishing norm. Furthermore, $SU(n/2)\times SU(n/2)$-structure is given by the existence of two compatible pure spinors. The main theme of this thesis is the study of manifolds of generalized G-structure relevant to string compactifications. Superstring theory is a quantum theory of gravity consistent in 10 dimensions. There are five consistent superstring theories and the low energy dynamics of massless space-time fields are governed by ten-dimensional supergravity theories. The supergravity field equations are nonlinear partial differential equations that can be regarded as a generalization of field equations of Einstein's theory of general relativity (GR). In a supersymmetric compactification of Type II string theory down to 4 dimensions, it is required that the structure group of the generalized tangent bundle $TM \oplus T^*M$ of the six-dimensional internal manifold M is reduced from SO(6,6) to $SU(3) \times SU(3)$. This is equivalent to the existence of two globally defined compatible pure spinors $\Phi_1$ and $\Phi_2$. Furthermore, these pure spinors should satisfy certain first-order differential equations, namely supersymmetry equations. We show that these equations are covariant under certain Pin(d,d) transformations. We also show that Non-Abelian T-duality (NATD) which is generated by a coordinate-dependent Pin(d,d) transformation is a particular solution generating transformation for these pure spinor equations. Our method is demonstrated by studying the NATD of a specific class of geometries with SU(2) isometry and SU(3)-structure. Some of the manifolds belonging to this class are $AdS_5\times T^{1,1}$, $AdS_5\times Y^{p,q}$ and $AdS_5\times S^5$. It is interesting to note that in each case, the internal manifold is a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. We show that the transformed pure spinors are associated with an SU(2)-structure. The plan of the thesis is as follows: in section 2, we study principal fiber bundles, vector bundles, and linear frame bundles. Then, we study the concept of the reduction of the structure groups. We also give familiar examples of G-structures in detail. In section 3, we briefly review the relation between G-holonomy and torsion-free G-structures. In section 4, we study the basic concepts regarding the geometry of the generalized tangent bundle $TM\oplus T^*M$. This leads us to the definition of a generalized G-structure. Since our main interest is in $SU(3)\times SU(3)$-structures we give in a separate subsection the description of $SU(3)\times SU(3)$-structures and the associated pure spinors in detail. In section 5, we focus on the differential equations to be satisfied by the pure spinors for preservation of ${\cal{N}}=1$ supersymmetry. We study the covariance of these equations under constant and non-constant Pin(d,d) transformations. Then, we study Non-Abelian T-duality (NATD) transformations in detail, and we show the invariance of pure spinor equations under NATD. In section 6, we consider a specific class of geometries. We transform the pure spinors associated with the SU(3)-structure and show that the resulting pure spinors determine an SU(2) structure. We also study the NATD transformation of the metric, the B field, and the Ramond-Ramond fields.
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ÖgeOn geodesic mappings of Riemannian manifolds(Graduate School, 2022-01-07) Çoraplı, Ahmet Umut ; Canfes, Elif ; 509181210 ; Mathematical Engineering
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ÖgeParameter optimization for mathematical modeling(Graduate School, 2023-06-09) Tunçel, Mehmet ; Duran, Ahmet ; 509132057 ; Mathematical EngineeringMathematical modeling is used to explain and forecast complex systems, and parameter optimization methods have a crucial role to find the optimal set of parameters obtained by minimizing an objective function. Also, the management of computational resources is essential for handling big models in real-time scenarios. A. Duran and G. Caginalp (2008) propose a hybrid parameter optimization forecast algorithm for asset prices via asset flow differential equations. In this thesis, we propose a new mathematical method for an inverse problem of parameter vector optimization in asset flow theory. For this purpose, we use quasi-Newton (QN) and Monte Carlo simulations to optimize the function F[K] for each selected event and initial parameter vector. We present grid and random methods and conclude that the grid approach is better than the random approach in the unconstrained optimization problem. This study also presents a parallel numerical parameter optimization algorithm for dynamical systems used in financial applications. It achieves speed-up for up to 512 cores and considers more extensive financial market situations. Moreover, it also evaluates the convergence of the model parameter vector via nonlinear least squares error, and maximum improvement factor. In this thesis, we also examine the performance, scalability, and robustness of OpenFOAM on the GPGPU cluster for bio-medical fluid flow simulations. It compared the CPU performance of iterative solver icoFoam with direct solver SuperLU_DIST 4.0 and hybrid parallel codes of MPI+OpenMP+CUDA versus MPI+OpenMP implementation of SuperLU_DIST 4.0. Results showed speed-up for large matrices up to 20 million x 20 million. Besides that, we investigate the usage of eigenvalues to examine the spectral effects of large matrices on the performance of scalable direct solvers. Gerschgorin's theorem can be used to bound the spectrum of square matrices, and behaviors such as disjoint, overlapped, or clustered Gerschgorin circles can give clues. We define the minimum number of cores and show that it depends on the sparsity level and size of the matrix, increasing slightly as the sparsity level decreases and the order increases. In sum, this thesis presents new methods for initial parameter selection and a new algorithm for parallel numerical parameter optimization. Also, we define new metrics and show that the importance of right matching for computational systems and the optimal minimum number of cores are important in mathematical modeling and simulation.
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ÖgeThe generalized fractional Benjamin Bona Mahony equation: Analytical and numerical results(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021) Oruç, Göksu ; Mihriye Muslu, Gülçin ; Borluk, Handan ; 692763 ; Matematik MühendisliğiIn this thesis study we consider the generalized fractional Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (gfBBM) equation u_t+ u_x + \frac{1}{2}(u^{p+1})_x+ \frac{3}{4}D^{\alpha} u_{x}+ \frac{5}{4}D^{\alpha} u_{t}=0, where $x$ and $t$ represents spatial coordinate and time, respectively. This equation is derived to model the propagation of small amplitude long unidirectional waves in a nonlocally and nonlinearly elastic medium. The gfBBM equation has a general power-type nonlinearity and two fractional-type terms. Thanks to these properties, the gfBBM equation is noticed as a satisfactory and interesting model in the literature. The aim of this thesis study is to perform various mathematical and numerical analyses for the gfBBM equation and to understand the influence of nonlinearity and fractional dispersion on the dynamics of solutions. The thesis study is organized in the following way: In the first chapter, we briefly introduce the general background on the fractional type nonlinear partial differential equations with lower dispersion such as fractional Korteweg de Vries (fKdV) and fractional Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (fBBM) and gfBBM equations. Then, we propose derivation and some properties of the gfBBM equation. We also state the analytical and numerical methods used to solve this equation. Furthermore, the literature overview on gfBBM and related equations is given in this chapter. The second chapter is devoted to the analytical results for the gfBBM equation. In the first section of this chapter we recall the preliminaries. This section contains useful definitions related to functional analysis, lemmas and theorems used in the thesis. In the second section, we derive conserved quantities of the gfBBM equation. We also find constraints on the order $\alpha$ of the fractional term. The aim of the third section is to prove the local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the gfBBM equation together with the initial condition u(x,0)=u_0 (x). For the case $1 \leq \alpha \leq 2$, we prove the local well-posedness of the solutions by using contraction mapping principle. On the other hand, for the case $0 < \alpha < 1$, we use the approaches given for the fBBM equation by He and Mammeri (2018). Therefore, we consider the regularization of the Cauchy problem for the gfBBM equation and then use the convergence of regularized solutions to the solutions of main problem. The section 4 presents the conditions for the non-existence of solitary wave solutions to the gfBBM equation. Existence and uniqueness of solitary wave solutions are obtained by using the result of Frank and Lenzmann (2013). We also consider the restrictions on the $\alpha$ and speed of wave $c$ so that the gfBBM equation admits positive or negative solitary waves. Finally, we derive exact solitary wave solutions to the gfBBM equation for the special cases $\alpha=1$ and $\alpha=2$ when $p=1$. In the last section of this chapter we discuss the stability properties of solitary wave solutions associated to the gfBBM equation. We first give the Hamiltonian formulation of the equation. Then, we prove the orbital stability of solitary wave solutions by using approach given by Grillakis Shatah Strauss (GSS) (1987) and for the stability we obtain following conditions when $1 \leq p \leq 4$: 1) $\frac{p}{p+2}<\alpha < \frac{p}{2}$ and $c>c_{1,p}>1$, 2) $\frac{p}{2}<\alpha < 2$ and $c>1$ or $\frac{3}{5}>c>c_{2,p}$, with $c_{1,p}=\frac{6\alpha + 2p + 3 \alpha p + \sqrt 2 p \sqrt{2 \alpha - p + \alpha p} }{5(2 \alpha + \alpha p)}$ and $c_{2,p}=\frac{6\alpha + 2p + 3 \alpha p - \sqrt 2 p \sqrt{2 \alpha - p + \alpha p} }{5(2 \alpha + \alpha p)}$. In the last chapter, we present the numerical results for the gfBBM equation. We first state efficient numerical algorithms for gfBBM equation and then carry out various numerical experiments. The Petviashvili method is proposed for the generation of the solitary wave solutions that cannot be obtained analytically. We numerically investigate the effects of the relation between the nonlinearity and the dispersion on the solutions. The evolution of generated wave profiles in time is investigated numerically by Fourier pseudo-spectral method. The efficiency of the methods will be demonstrated by various numerical simulations.