LEE- Mimari Tasarım-Doktora
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ÖgeCorrelations between composition attributes of architecture and music(Graduate School, 2021-02-17) Tayyebi, Seyed Farhad ; Demir, Yüksel ; 502132007 ; Architectural Design ; Mimari Tasarım"I call architecture frozen music" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe vividly expresses the great linkage between architecture and music. The architects applying music in building design are increasing in numbers, and interrelated projects are getting progressively widespread. Interestingly, most of the interrelation between architecture and music, in various scales, are formed by some assumed correlated parameters regardless of the feeling arousal of the attribute to the listeners and observers, which are mostly based on the subjective artists' opinion or rooted in more-objective scientific issues. For instance, 'interval' in music has been arguably understood as 'proportion' in architecture; accordingly, the harmonic musical interval applied in architectural ratio with the hope of acquiring pleasant architectural proportion. But is there any correlation between the preferences of satisfactory musical intervals and their transformation into architectural proportions? From this perspective, this research aims to explore the correlations between the preferences of architectural and musical attributes from the subjective people's point of view rather than the artist's opinion or merely through an objective perspective. Thus, this study aims to answer the following questions. • Is there any correlation between the preferred architectural and musical attributes of people? What are the most frequently correlated attributes? • More specifically, on a small scale, which musical instruments preferences correlate with architectural material preferences? On a large scale, which musical attribute preferences correlate with architectural attributes preferences in general? At first, a pilot study has been conducted to examine the methodology through exploring the correlation between architectural attributes and musical attributes across limited demographic classes (S. F. Tayyebi & Demir, 2020). By learning from it, two other studies find an answer to the questions. The first study, as a small-scale investigation, has explored the preference correlations between the attributes related to architecture material and musical instruments. Another study, as a large-scale investigation, has scrutinized the correlation between the general attribute preferences of architecture and music across a wide range of demographic classes. Despite some tiny differences, the methodologies of the three papers have an identical structure. The methodology has three phases presented in Figure 4.1. The first phase provides a clear list of the considered attributes, based on two studies conducted during the dissertation progress (S. F. Tayyebi & Demir, 2019) (S. F. Tayyebi et al., 2020), though they can also be seen as part of the limitations of the dissertation. After examining eight different methods and discovering the most reliable method to extract the personal preferences of architectural attributes (Tayyebi & Demir, 2020), a survey is then prepared and distributed worldwide on the QuestionPro platform to collect the individual's demographic information, the musical attribute preferences, and architectural attribute satisfaction. In the second phase, the participants' responses were analyzed, and the unreliable responses were filtered to provide a complete set of attribute preferences of valid participants. Finally, in the third phase, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis examined the correlations between every single attribute within different demographic categories. The outcomes of the analysis were then filtered by the correlation p-value, to skip the statistically invalid correlations. The second and third studies also integrated with Bonferroni correction, as a second filtering technique, to skim off the utmost reliable correlations. Clustering method has also applied to the third study to summarize the correlated attributes provide a holistic understanding of the correlation trends. As the first outcome, all the studies confirm the importance of demographic classes in the correlations exploration between the preferences of architectural and musical attributes. Not only the trace of age and gender apparently exists in the discovered correlations, the large-scale study considering the participants' education shows that even education more than age and gender impacts on the discovered correlations. It reinforces the importance of the three demographics. Along the same line, some demographic classes, attribute categories, and the attributes themselves reflect higher number of correlations. For example, females more than males, material color and material qualities more than material reflection and texture, symmetry more than indentation and stress, and genre more than psychological attributes of music show correlation. Furthermore, within genre category, rap and jazz, and within the psychological attributes of music, sophisticated and poetic/deep have higher number of correlation and thus may reflect better the preferences of some attributes in another field. Regarding the aim of the paper, Pearson's analysis results of the two main studies in small and large scale are indeed the outcome of the study, and thus presented in appendices. For example, the first study, concerning architectural material and musical instrument correlations, shows that preferences of cello for mature females reflect higher satisfaction for brick, full of texture materials, aluminum, reflective, and light-colored material. The results of the large-scale study show male musicians, mature musicians, and even architect-musicians who are interested in sophisticated music tend to prefer sophisticated architectural forms. Rock follower musicians are less satisfied with complicated architectural forms. Preferences for sad music for female architects tend to have a preference for horizontality in building forms. The outcomes of the large-scale study, exploring a large number of correlations, are also clustered to provide a holistic understanding of the correlations. On its basis, those who prefer Complicated music seems to have more positive opinions about Complicated architectural forms. There are strong correlations, albeit very few in number, that shows those who like Dance music seem to prefer Rhythmic and complicated buildings. Among the Mellow music followers, in general, Simple architectural forms were found more satisfactory. Joyful music followers seem to tend towards regular patterns in architecture. Those who enjoy Rap have a preference for either regular or irregular patterns that exude a sense of repetition in the formal structure. Finally, this explorative study confirms the existence of numerous correlations between architectural and musical attributes, thereby proving the potentials of applying the resulting insights into future building design and further investigations.