LEE- İşletme Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19310

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Yazar "Ajas İlkkaracan, İpek" ile LEE- İşletme Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans'a göz atma
  • Öge
    The circularization of the textile and ready-to-wear industry in Turkey: An evaluation in the context of the European green deal
    (Graduate School, 2022) Şapaloğlu, İbrahim ; Ajas İlkkaracan, İpek ; 771629 ; Management Engineering Programme
    Economic growth has always been one of the main goals for countries. However, the rapid depletion of resources in the face of this desire for growth, the fact that the effects of global warming are beginning to be felt, the environmental problems our world is facing, and the fact that it is a problematic world to be left to the future generations have changed the economic strategy of the EU. As a result, the EU submitted the Green Deal (GD) in late 2019. In conjunction with the Green Deal, the European Union aims to end the resource-dependent economic growth model and achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The Green Deal affects the European Union (EU) member states as well as the countries which export goods and services to the EU. The transition to a circular economy, one of the six goals of the "Green Deal Action Plan," also plays a vital role in exiting the resource-dependent growth model. This transformation will also affect the textile and ready-to-wear industry, which is one of the nine critical areas in "Turkey's Green Deal Action Plan" and one of the "Key Product Value Chains" in the "EU Circular Economy Action Plan." The textile and ready-to-wear industry is a critical manufacturing sector for the Turkish economy. It is a major contributor to employment demand and as one of the Turkish economy's main export-oriented sectors, it helps reduce the current account deficit. Textile, ready-made clothing, and leather products constitute 16.4% of Turkey's total export revenues. The EU is a critical trading partner for Turkey, with its share of over 40 percent of Turkey's total exports. However, since the EU announced the European Green Deal, these exports have been exposed to risks of additional possible costs through EU's planned environmental taxes. In the context of the EU Green Deal, this study explores the need for circularization for Turkey's textile and apparel industry and its relative position with respect to its potential competitors in global markets. To this end, the study first undertakes RCA, SWOT and PESTLE analyses to assess the current situation of Turkish textiles and ready-to-wear industry at the sectoral level. RCA analysis shows that Turkey's sectoral competitiveness remains high with respcto to its competitors yet this advantage is observed to follow a decreasing trend over time. Additionally, the PESTLE analysis shows that the industry does not only make a contribution to overall labor demand but also does so in a gender balanced manner, helping to increase the female employment rate. 41% of the employees in the sector are women. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is another goal of the Green Deal. The EU will introduce the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to ensure that export firms to the EU are faced with similar environmental requirements as its own producers. In order to assess the likely costs to Turkish export firms in the textile and ready-to-wear industry under CBAM, the study estimates the carbon emissions on a sectoral basis disaggregated by three scopes. In this analysis, the textile and ready-to-wear sector (Nace C13-C15) is estiated as the sector with the sixth highest greenhouse gas emissions both in terms of Scope 1 (subject to CBAM under current plans) and total emissions (amongst a categorization of 24 economic activity sectors). These sectoral analyses emphasize the necessity for the Turkish textile and ready-to-wear industry for transition to the circular economy. The second part of the study moves onto answering the question of how to make such a transition through development of a strategic roadmap for circularization of the sector. The development of the roadmap is undertaken in several stages. First, through the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) method, and using inputs identified through the literature survey and sectoral analyses in the first part, the study assessed a set of obstacles to and drivers of circularization in the Turkish textiles and ready-to-wear industry and the hierarchical causal relations across these factora. According to the findings of the FCM analysis, the key barriers are lack of awareness, short-term priorities, lack of management support, appropriate culture, and demand for the final product of circular economy. Lack of effective legislation and incentives has the most considerable outdegree value, i.e. it affects more concepts than any other particular obstacle. The results of the FCM analysis were then validated by experts using structured in-depth interviews. Finally, the experts answered open-ended questions to elicit their views and insights on the obstacles and drivers and suggested possible solutions. Finally a sectoral strategic roadmap for circularization was developed based on a content analysis of the results of the in-depth interviews.