Kadıköy Hasanpaşa Bölgesi’nin Tarihi Çevre Analizi Ve Sıhhileştirme Önerileri

Abstract

Bu tez çalışmasının konusunu oluşturan Hasanpaşa, geç Osmanlı Döneminin eski Türk Mahallesi karakterini yansıtan ve özgün sivil mimarlık örneklerinin bulunduğu önemli semtlerden biridir. Birinci bölümde Hasanpaşa’nın tez konusu olarak seçilmesinin nedenleri ve bölgenin mevcut geleneksel dokusunun Gazhane binasıyla birlikte korunmasına yönelik amaç ve hedefler üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde Kadıköy’ün fiziki yapısı ele alınmış; üçüncü bölümde ise Kadıköy’ün ilkçağlardan günümüze kadar çeşitli tarihsel dönemlerde geçirdiği değişimler üzerinde durulmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde Hasanpaşa’nın günümüze kadarki fiziksel gelişimi ve tarihsel süreci incelendikten sonra, çalışma sınırları içinde kalan önemli yapılar, korunması gerekli sivil mimarlık örnekleri ele alınmıştır. Tarihi konutların kat adetleri, kapı, pencere ve cephe düzenleri, çatı biçimlenişleri, yapım sistemleri ve mekan kulanımları gibi elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda kültür varlıklarının genel karakteri ve bölgenin sokak dokusu irdelenmiştir. Beşinci bölümde bölgenin 20.yüzyıl başına tarihlenen haritalarından yapı adaları, sokak dokusu ve parselasyon biçimleri bugünkü durumla karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Böylece, mevcut durumun ayrıntılı olarak kavranması hedeflenmiştir. Altıncı bölümde ise 20.yy’ın ikinci yarısından sonra bölge için düzenlenen koruma amaçlı imar planları ve alınan kurul kararları üzerinde durulmuştur. Yedinci bölümde, çalışma alanı içinde kalan yapı adalarının durumları ve tescilli, tescili önerilen, yok olmuş ve restorasyonu tamamlanmış kültür varlıkları, çevresel değer taşıyan yapılar tek tek incelenmiş ve yazılı kaynaklar ve eski fotoğraflarla ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenmiş, ayrıca her yapı için anıt fişi hazırlanmıştır. Sekizinci bölümde bölgenin fiziksel durumunu ortaya koyan analiz çalışmaları yapılmış, dokuzuncu bölümde alan için sıhhileştirme önerileri ve yeniden kullanım kararları alınmıştır. Alınan planlama kararlarında, geleneksel dokunun korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmasına yönelik önlemlerin alınması, Gazhane’nin ve kullanılmayan diğer tarihi yapıların yeniden işlevlendirilmesi, sosyal ve kültürel yaşamın canlandırılması, uygun olan mevcut boş alanlara bölgenin ihtiyacı doğrultusunda yeni tasarımların yapılması ve yeni yapılaşmalarda uyum sağlayacak düzenleme ilkelerinin belirlenmesinde izlenecek yöntemler açıklanmıştır.Tezin sonuç bölümünde de genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Our working area which is located in the district Hasanpaşa,is the first settlement of the Anatolian side dated from the period of Phoenicians and is a place leaving his mark in history as a place of resort and recreation area from the Byzantine period until the Ottoman period. During the Ottoman Empire period it was a wide area where there were hunting houses. Before 1945, the area was the treasure land belonging to the new republic. Also,the area surrounding the mosque of Osman Aga today was the first settlement in Kadıköy. Then,every mosque in the region had been a small core of settlement.One of these was Hasanpaşa Mosque.This religious complex gave his name to the surrounding area.Before, this district was tied to the Osmanaga Quarter. The transformation process which involved the whole society deeply and entirely began in the 19th centuries in the industrialized countries but in Turkey it started after the period of the Second World War. The 1950’s are the beginning years when the urbanization movement became apparent in our country and in Istanbul . With the development of the industry in Istanbul, Kadıköy and his surrounding was an attractive settlement center for those who migrated there.Since the middle of the 20th century, the result of the changing socio-economic structure of Istanbul caused a fundamentally challenge in the character of the district. In a short time the Ankara Highway was surrounding by shantytowns. Traditional houses owners left their home with the migration and a new class structure reflected to the housing ,then the region lost his character. On the other hand, the first development plan of the zoning plans which is dated 21-09-1946, is the reason of the changing in the area. Also according to the ring road plan,the Kurbağalıdere Street was expanded and 5 meter of the plots facing this street were abandoned to the road untill the construction zoning line. The zoning plan was determinated as an adjacent residential area with an altitude of 12.50 meter leaving a part to the road. This plan led to the constructions of high blocks of flats in urban areas and then Kadıköy entered into a radical structural transformation. Kadıköy was divided naturally from his beginning point to his ending limits with the horizontally road called Fahrettin Kerim Gökay Street or Mini Bus street. The rapid and unplanned urbanization started since the 1950’s, occured in the upper part of this street. Hasanpaşa district is in the first part of this region. The double lane road Haydarpaşa-Pendik that ended in 1958 and the Bosphorus Bridge that opened in 1973, changed the structure and the balance of the population of Kadıköy.With the modernization of the urban transport,the commercial structures of Kurbağalıdere Street and Fahrettin Kerim Gökay Street became business centers.Today important public buildings such as Kadıköy Employment Agency and Kadıköy Municipality are in this area .Also the starting point of the Anatolian side Railway is on this place. The dinamic of the transformation of the region was based on the manufacturing and services sectors. However, Kurbağalıdere was destroyed during this period and turned into an unwanted creek in which the sewage flowed in the reabilitation program of the stream wasn’t enough to turn into its former flowing position and it was completeley dry. From the first chapter until the end of the fourth chapter,after examining the historical statue and the physical development of the region ,important old buildings and examples of civil architecture to protect in the boundaries of work were discussed and according to the data obtained, the general character of the cultural heritage and the region’s street pattern were found. In the fifth part the urban blocks,the street pattern and the land forms were examined by comparing the present situation with maps dated to the beginning of the 20th century.Thus, the results of the current situation was reached. The sixth chapter is about the construction zoning plans and decisions of the committee taken in the second half of the 19th century aim to protect this area. In the seventh chapter the status of the buildings islands ,the registered houses,the buildings proposed to be registered ,the non existing ,restorated cultural assets and constructions with environmental values which are in the area work were examined one by one.Their monument chips were prepared in a detailed manner from written documents and photographs. With the analysis works based on the physical satus of the region in the eighth chapter, in the nineth chapter after the rehabilitation proposals and the decisions to re-use the buildings, the methods developed for the realization were described. Finally in the concluding part an overall evaluation have been explained and this thesis has been completed.