Türkiye'de Endüstriyel Tasarımcıların 3 Boyutlu Yazıcıları Kullanımları Hakkında Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üç boyutlu yazıcıların hitap ettiği öncelikli kitle arasındaki endüstriyel tasarımcıların, üç boyutlu yazıcı kullanımı hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. 1970’li yıllarda geliştirilen üç boyutlu yazıcılar günümüze gelene kadar bir çok farklı alanda kullanılmaya başlanmış ve çeşitli tipleri üretilmiştir. Geliştirilen modeller arasında plastik, metal, seramik ham maddelerinin yanı sıra kompozit malzemeleri de kullanabilenler vardır. Kullanım alanlarına bakıldığında ise oldukça geniş bir perspektifi görmek mümkündür. Üç boyutlu yazıcıların hitap ettiği bir kitle de endüstriyel tasarımcılardır. Aldıkları eğitim ve profesyonel uygulama alanları dahilinde endüstriyel tasarımcıların, bilgisayar üzerinde tasarladıkları üç boyutlu modellerin, fiziksel olarak üretilebilmesinde üç boyutlu yazıcılar büyük avantaj sağlarlar. Ancak üç boyutlu yazıcı teknolojilerinin hızla büyüyüp yaygınlaşmasına rağmen, ülkemizdeki endüstriyel tasarımcıların bu teknolojilere yeterince ilgi göstermediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, üç boyutlu yazıcı kullanmış endüstriyel tasarımcılar ile ön görüşmeler düzenlemiştir. Ardından, Türkiye’de ki en büyük üç boyutlu yazıcı üreticileri, distrübütörleri ve hizmet sağlayıcılarıyla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Son olarak ise üniversiteler ve kuluçka merkezleriyle görüşmeler düzenlenerek, bu durumun nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre ise birden fazla üç boyutlu yazıcı teknolojisinin olduğu ancak bunun çoğunlukla bilinmediği; FDM tipi masaüstü yazıcıların kullanıldığı ancak istenilen perfomansın elde edilemediği; üç boyutlu yazıcıları kullanmak için belirli seviyede bir bilgi birikimi olması gerektiği ve üç boyutlu modelleme programlarında belirli tasarım kıstaslarına dikkat edilmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

The aim of this research is finding out the thoughts of industrial designers about 3d printers in Turkey according to the 3d printer distrubutors and manufacturer. Since one of the prior target group of 3d printers is thought to be as industrial designers. A result of the improving technologhy, 3d printers became a masterpiese in any area. The usage of 3d printers are getting larger and larger in medicine, automotive, education, structure, engineering, architecture and industrial design. And one of the most important area is thought to be as industrial design. 3d printers are used to make model and make ups in this area. It provides a large manufacturing posibility which products can not be produce by traditional manufacturing systems. Through this point, a better free design environment is occured for industrial designers. After the invention of 3d printers in 70s, there has been lots of progress in 3d printing technologies and invented very different types of them. The improved models can use metals, plastics, ceramics or composites as raw materials. According to usage areas, there could be seen a very large spectrum. Industrial designers are one of the intended group which 3d printers adress. Through their education and professional working style, 3d printers provide them a huge advantage while taking tangible models by the 3 dimensional modelling programs. However, although 3d printer technologies are getting extended and improved, it is observed that industrial designers in our country are not paying so much attention on 3d printers. To observe this situation deeply, 7 expert industrial designers who used 3d printers are interviewed. In interviews, the questions about the usage of 3d printers are asked industrial designers. According to collected data from these interviews, the biggest 3d manufacturers, distrubutors and service providers are selected through 3D Expo 2015 Turkey and interviewed to find out the details of 3d printer usage of industrial designers as customers. In this research, interviews are used as a method. Familierness of 3d printers to industrial designers are investigated by interviews with 3d printer manufacturers, distrubutors and service providers in our country. The scop of research is including the firms which 3d printer distrubutors, service providers and manufacturers. Determining the method, some spesific criterias are considered. To investigate the research question properly, some ways are eliminated. One of the eliminated ways is reaching the all industrial designers in Turkey who used a 3d printer and making interviews. This method could not be thought as possible. However, all industrial designers who used a 3d printer should have contacted a 3d manufacturer, distrubutor or service provider in Turkey. So, reaching the firms seemed to be more possible to investigate the research question and this way is choosen as the method. To choose the firms which including 3d printer manufacturers, distrubutors and service providers, 3D Expo 2015 Turkey Fair list is examined and the firms which attended to fair are reached. 12 company out of 32 are determined and interviewed with authorized people. In the research, the usage areas of 3d printers, types of technologhies and the market places are searched and listed according to literature. To find out the 3d printer usage of industrial designers in Turkey, 3d printer companies are interviewed. To collect this data, interview is selected as the method because this way seemed to be most applicable. In this interviews, some questions are prepared to find out: ‘What are the thoughts of industrial designers about 3d printers according to 3d printer companies?’, ‘Do industrial designers are aware of all of the 3d printer technologies?’, ‘Is there any challenge to use a 3d printer according to an industrial designer?’ After the interviews with 3d printer companies, the other 3d printer usage areas which are fablas, universities, incubation centers, are determined and visited. 4 University, 4 incubation centers which including 3d printers are interviewed. In this interviews, research question is examined. During the conversations, voice recording method is applied. According to research, firstly interviews with industrials designer are made. Secondly, the biggest 3d printer producers in Turkey, 3d distrubutors, maker spaces and service providers are interviewed. Finally, universities and incubation centers are interviewed and searched reasons of this situation. According to collected data, there is a lot of different kind of 3d printers but mostly they are not known; FDM type 3d printers are used but they are not satisfying the expectations mostly; for using the 3d printers there is a knowledge required and there are some details should known on 3d modelling programs to produce a thing by a 3d printer.