Yeşil Alan Kullanıcılarının Memnuniyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi : Beşiktaş İlçe Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışma, açık mekan kullanıcıların memnuniyet derecelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanan soru formu ışığında derlenecek bir çalışma olacaktır. Çalışma altı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Konuya giriş ve amaç birinci bölümde yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde, açık alan ve yeşil alan kavramı, yeşil alanların sınıflandırılması ve yeşil alanların kent içindeki işlevlerinin açıklanmasına çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte kentleşmenin yeşil alanlar açısından ortaya çıkarttığı olumsuz sonuçların üstünde durulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümünde, açık mekan kullanımına ilişkin araştırmaların değerlendirilmesine, kullanılan yöntemler ve hedeflenen amaçların incelenmesine çalışılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde İstanbul'da yeşil alan durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde ise İstanbul'da örneklem alanı olarak seçilen Beşiktaş'ta yeşil alan kullanımının değerlendirilmesi konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bölümde Beşiktaş ilçesi bünyesinde seçilen Kuruçeşme, Serencebey ve Ulus Parklarının fiziksel durumlarıyla ilgili açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde seçilen parklarda yapılan uygulamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünü sonuçlar ve öneriler oluşturmaktadır.

This project includes a past graduate thesis on the research of the relationship between citizen and open green areas which Beşiktaş is chosen as example. This research aims to determine public spaces users' needs and satisfaction. In this term, face to face interviews and observation methods have been used. Kuruçeşme Park, Serencebey Park, and Ulus Park has been chosen as research areas. Today, most of our cities face phenomena of rapid population growth and the tact of enlargement in area. In this case, efforts to provide green areas that citizen needs are not enough. It is obvious that in Beşiktaş open areas rapidly lessens by means of lack of existing housing stock and speculative pleasure. In the scope of this thesis first of all, types of green areas, the effect and function of green areas in the city and the effects of organization of the green areas will be taken into consideration and later on with the help of this data, the urbanization and problem of green areas in Istanbul will be considered at length. In the scope of this thesis finally, the usage of green areas in Beşiktaş is discussed; in order to save available existing green areas and improve their condition, it is aimed to bring up the importance of users' needs' satisfaction and their desires as a whole with the developing urban criterion. People, from the time of communities formed, have desired to create cities surrounded with attractive environment to satisfy their physical and moral needs and wanted to be close to nature. It is certain that the arranging the public space that started too early in the developed countries are for living in a better environment. Places for human are being lost, at the result of continiously increasing and chaotic urbanization movements in this country. Therefore, it is necessary to create urban spaces. For such purpose, too many works are must and also there exist lost and spoilt spaces. The arrangements made are not sufficient in terms of quality and number. In this thesis, there are seven parts and firstly the green area and the open area concepts are explained. Open area is an empty area that human lives, out of close place that can be used both for some functions such as parks, gardens, outside areas has a speciality to use as a specific land. Open spaces can be classified in. parks,. public squares,. urban green areas The open spaces, from ancient times to the present, have different meanings for different cultures. The open spaces are always the most important part of our cities. The open spaces in the cities, are defined as constructed and unconstructed. They are important for survival of people. Open areas are the places where can be found the fittings like sport, entertainment and rest. On the country for private life, the urban open areas are the places that include all the facilities for any group of people of different age, occupation and culture. Green areas can be examined in two sections as;. Urban green areas. Natural green areas Green areas are also examined in five category according to their functions; Ecological function Physical function. Physiological function. Social function. Economic function Green areas can change the wet or briefly the climate of the city. On the other hand, green areas provide to transform the negative functions that are found in the city such as crowd, monotony in color. For raising the life standards, the function of the green areas is extremely effective. The pleasure of the users from the green areas are examined in the third chapter by studying the other evaluation studies made in Türkiye and abroad. Existing environments are evaluated to provide information to improve the quality of decision making with reference to environmental management as well as to change and modification. Evaluation studies are intended to provide insights into variations the quality of different environments for example, housing, parks and schools at different times and in different places. They help to identify and specify emerging problems and social needs previously ignored or misunderstood They help to point the way to the renovation and rehabilitation of the environment, and provide an empirical basis for the promulgation and implementation of new approaches to environmental planning, management and design. Open spaces such as parks, playgrounds, malls and plazas have attracted considerable research attention over the past 20 years. Public parks have been among the most xiv frequent psychological benefits of open space use. These open spaces mentioned above have been criticized in the past as largely failing to serve their intended uses and users Most of the works classify the urban open spaces as case of real places such as parks malls and playgrounds. The growing of the open areas is directly proportional with the using of parks, plazas streets and it provides behavioral bill on it. The demographic changes in the public effects the profit from the green and open areas. By thinking every age of people and their spare times, new areas should be created. Also the changes in the life styles should be thought. Urban recreation functions should determined by the social changes and tendency in events. What people like? In the planning process which activities and functions should be used. What are the factors of the human necessity today and do they change continually? So many observations have been made and determined the quality in plan pleasure. The increase of the unsystematic and intensive urbanization in Türkiye yield life desire in a comfortable and nice environment. Rapid changes in the cities and its physical reflection creates unhealthy environment. The quality of the environment is close to arrange the open areas. For this reason, the fact of the open areas is important to change the negative impression and bad conditions to be arranged. Because of this, users' ideas should be known before an arrangement of an open area. Instead of basic needs, the urban areas that arranges with so many functions and makes social relations between people, so many admonitory is found that people have to perceive. The complexity of these admonitory can be grouped in 2 parts and this disturb people both physically and mentally. Today, when we look at the cities in this unsystematic environment, we can't found some plans that is similar to nature, and human's life. The situations are in artificial quality that comes into being with the pressure on people without a question. And the city dweller reduce his interest for this kind of living. Form has to prepare morale ground for feature with reflecting the life standards in a correct way. The analysis of preparation for the areas have relation with urban area admonitory shouldn't be able to provide all the necessities for using urban areas However, the admonitory that has found in the urban area have to provide esthetes, relived and comfortable quality for the individual. The pleasure of the users from green areas that will support for making aims in this thesis study are situated in fifth and sixth chapters. The urban parks are the open spaces that are the property of the society, and serving the various segments of the society to make use of their vacant times and recreational activities. Therefore, the needs and demands of the user of such places must be taken into account on designing such a place. XV The researches may clarify many problems for planning and design. While studying the samples made in this section the following points should be taken into account;. what is the environment quality?. how is the quality of park evaluated?. what is the criteria for the persons while they are evaluating this quality? The samples explained are aimed to be source for the thesis. In the fifth section, evaluation and the explanations on the physical condition and location of the green areas in Beşiktaş have been explained. Kuruçeşme Park, Serencebey Park and Ulus Park are chosen as a case study. In the sixth chapter it was tried to form a sampling model after explaining the methods used and how they are formed in the inquiry employed. In this thesis study that aims the pleasure of users about green areas in Beşiktaş, it has been tried to found the physical and quantitative characteristic that user expects from the city parks. 200 inquiries are applied to the users of these three parks (Kuruçeşme Park, Serencebey Park and Ulus Park) SPSS (PC) which is a statistical package program, was used. The objective data have been collected directly at the place. Asking survey respondent their sex, age, education, residence, marital status, job and income objective information was gathered. The socio demographic features of the users were obtained. The other type of objective information was collected as a result of the observations made in physical environment. The plan and the photographs of the park were the objective information. The subjective data as the judgments and perceptions of the users about the park were also collected. To identify the responses of the individuals, some open ended questions were asked. Information collected from the sample was analyzed at SPSS(PC). Frequency distribution was used. Cross tabulation technique was used to treat the data. The results are explained that has made by aims in thesis study. These are; The research findings tend to support the theoretical perspective created for this study. According to the results of the survey, it is seen that % 59.5 of the visitors are age of 0-20 and % 58 of the visitors are single. % 37 of the users are graduated from a high school and % 31.5 from a university. If it's made for working groups, it's seen that % 26 of students use the green areas. In this study, the real user of the green areas are the students. XVI Most of the visitors of the parks (% 73) belong to the middle income group. As a result of the survey, it's seen that parks serve to both near and for settlements. Visitors live around the parks arrive to the parks by walking. Also as the parks located on the main roads they are accessible for all the visitors. According, to the results of the survey; % 32 of the visitors use parks for resting. Secondly they use parks to take breath. Especially they come to parks once in 15 days. Spring and weekends are mostly preferred by the visitors. %46 of the visitors prefer to come to the parks with their friends and secondly they prefer to come with their family. To evaluate the pleasure of the visitors from the physical functional properties of the park so many questions are prepared People mostly complained about the toilets and car park areas. They liked the design of the parks. But they want the shaded area and toilets to be improved. Also they prefer a cafe where they can rest, and supply their eating, drinking needs. Visitors mostly complained about the noise and insufficiency of car park areas. Most of the visitors feel secure or safe in these parks. User groups may perceive open spaces in different ways. Open spaces preferences have been found to vary between socio economic groups. But we can say that; as a result everybody need the green areas. When we are planning the green areas, we should give more importance to the esthetic quality and cultural development. Green areas are not cared much in Beşiktaş region as it's developing as a working area