LEE- Çevre Bilimleri Mühendisliği ve Yönetimi- Yüksek Lisans
Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI
Gözat
Son Başvurular
1 - 5 / 68
-
ÖgeAnaerobic processing of and nutrient recovery from source separated human urine(Graduate School, 2019-06-12)Due to the increase in world population which is around 7.7 billion in early 2019 and it was estimated to increase to 9.0 billion by 2050, the stress on the available resources of water, food, energy, etc. increases as well. This enormous increase in world population will put the mankind under a critical challenge related to resource security. Part of the Millennium Development Goals as well as Sustainable Development Goals are to reduce the degradation and provide a sustainable environment that the current and next generation can live in with an adequate and healthy resources to insure the prosperity of mankind. To meet the increasing needs for resources, the needs for solutions to overcome resource depletion had been increased too, and alternative resources must be found beside those that exists to maintain permanence and sustainability of these resources. It was assessed that the need for food, water and energy will show an increase of 35, 40 and 50% respectively, owning to that increasing demand of the increased number in world population by 2030 which will be 8.3 billion. Ecological Sanitation or shortly named ECOSAN is a new management concept for domestic wastewater that based on separation at source of generation. According to ECOSAN approach, domestic wastewater can be divided into three streams as grey water (all wastewater generated in household except that one originating from toilets), yellow water (human urine) and brown water (mainly feces and flush water). Human urine is known as a nutrient rich solution, and highly saline with quite considerable amount of organic matter. Human urine consist of 80% nitrogen, over 50% of phosphorus and potassium. Separation of human urine from the rest of the domestic wastewater will enable closing the nutrient loops in domestic wastewater. Several pieces in the literature studied the possibility of recovering nutrient from source separated human urine using different processes. Struvite precipitation, stripping absorption and ion exchange/adsorption are among the available processes studied in the literature. Ion exchange is one of these processes that showed a remarkable recovery of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from source separated urine. The studies about the organic matter fate in source separated human urine after employing ion exchange for removal/recovery of nutrients was not reported yet in the literature. This work is aiming to investigate the removal of organic matter from the liquid residue of ion exchange process using fixed bed clinoptilolite columns by suggesting the use of anaerobic process. Different configurations based on the combination between ion exchange and anaerobic processes was investigated to achieve the best results of concurrent nutrient and energy recovery. Part of the investigation is the adaptation of anaerobic granular sludge that was brought form confectionery wastewater treatment plant to a highly saline solution like urine. Natural fresh and mainly stored urine were used in this work. This work investigated the possibilities of ammonium release from anaerobic processes and its effect on the selection of the experiment configurations. Fixed bed clinoptilolite column was used for ion exchange process and Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor was used for anaerobic process. Human urine was collected from separation system the separates urine from men's toilet at the Department of Environmental Engineering in Istanbul Technical University. The results revealed that the adaptation of anaerobic granular sludge was successful under very diluted fresh urine solution in the feeding with COD removal efficiency of 75%. While under higher fresh urine concentration in the feeding the COD removal reduced to reach 40% with 65% fresh urine. The release of ammonium was monitored at the adaptation with fresh urine and it was observed that the percent of release was not appreciable with maximum of 6% release only. The poor performance of anaerobic sludge adaptation using fresh urine as its feeding solution was attributed to the increased level of ammonium and salinity. Urine was stored to increase the amount of ammonium as urea in human urine will hydrolyze during storage. The results from urine storage were in line with previous studies specifically in terms of nutrient concentration, pH and electrical conductivity. During this work a considerable reduction of COD concentration was observed through long storage period of about 4 months that counted for almost 65% of COD reduction from its initial state. This observation was not reported by any of the previous studies used natural stored human urine. COD reduction through storage has an important impact on anaerobic processes as the amount of organic matter in the feed is expected to be lower. On the other hand, the reduced COD concentration will be beneficial for protection of the environment. After hydrolysis was completed, clinoptilolite was used to concentrate nutrients from the stored urine through ion exchange process. The results from this stage was in line with previous studies used ion exchange to remove and recover nutrients from human urine. 80% removal of ammonium from liquid phase was obtained with 99% and 70% of removal for phosphorus and potassium, respectively. It was observed that COD was removed during ion exchange process with a removal efficiency of 25 – 35%. This observation has an influence on the use of anaerobic processing for removing organic matter from the liquid residue of ion exchange process, in which lesser amount of organic matter will be present in the feeding solution. Stored urine in which nutrients had been removed then was used as a feeding for the EGSB reactor. COD removal efficiency was ranged between 60 – 85%. Under 50% stored urine in the feeding solution COD removal was observed to be the best with 85%. Regarding the use of 100% stored urine in the feeding the removal efficiency was reduced to 60%. Through these stages the salinity level had a major impact on COD removal efficiency. The quality of the EGSB reactors with stored urine as a feeding solution was evaluated for the sack of environmental protection in case the effluent was discharged without further treatment. The results revealed that the effluent of EGSB was still has a considerable amount of nutrients and COD, thus ion exchange employed with stage wise manner and variable initial loadings. The results of the stage wise operation aid to reduce ammonium, phosphorus and COD considerably that the discharge of the effluent to sewer may be possible. About biogas production up on COD removal from human urine, the results were theoretically appreciable and observable with gas counter. Methane was evolved with a range of 0.3 – 0.8 l CH4/day that corresponds to 0.19 – 0.5 l CH4/ l of urine. The effect of salinity on COD removal using anaerobic process was investigated also in this work. Synthetic solution was used to simulate stored urine that was subjected to single stage ion exchange. Synthetic urine was used to create a controlled condition regarding salinity. The results of this experiment indicated that salinity had a considerable negative impact on anaerobic process at high level like 32000 µS/cm. COD removal efficiencies were ranged between 40 – 90% with salinity level between 32000 – 10000 µS/cm. This work suggest that more effort should focus on adjusting the recommended salinity inhibition threshold in the literature. This work shows that the combination between ion exchange and anaerobic processes is possible and nutrients recovery with organic matter removal is achievable, but factors like adaptation, dilution, storage period, best operational conditions, inhibition from salinity and ammonium must be taken in consideration. This study recommends the combination of ion exchange and anaerobic process in the manner that nutrients will be removed at the first place with single stage ion exchange followed by anaerobic processes, then stage wise operation of ion exchange to improve the effluent quality form environmental protection. Recovery experiment were conducted under two different contact times, 5 and 300 min in an attempt to mimic two different irrigation type. The results revealed that most of the nitrogen and phosphorus could be recovered from the clinoptilolite surface. The results were in line with previous studies. COD was not recovered from the clinoptilolite surface. Potassium was recovered with a very limited percentage which is in contrast to previous research that reported no potassium recovery at all. Plant experiments conducted to show the effectiveness of nutrient enriched clinoptilolite as a fertilizer using pepper and tomato. The results showed that clinoptilolite had a considerable performance as a n alternative fertilizer compared to synthetic fertilizer that was tested in the same experiment. Plant height, texture and no of fruits that indicate possible fruits in clinoptilolite pots were higher than that one of synthetic fertilizer.
-
ÖgeToplama ve taşıma maliyet esaslı katı atık aktarma merkezi gerekliliğinin ve uygun konumunun belirlenmesi(Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2017-12-27)Halk arasında yaygın kullanımı ile çöp toplama hizmeti belediyelerce verilen, su temininden sonra en temel hizmet olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Halk tarafından basitçe çöp toplama olarak adlandırılan iş geri planda büyük planlamalar, fizibiliteler ve maliyetler barındırmaktadır. Genel olarak bakıldığında atıkların toplanması, transfer istasyonuna götürülmesi, transfer istasyonundan da daha büyük kasalı araçlara bertaraf tesisine taşınması ve burada bertarafının sağlanması iş kalemleri bulunmaktadır. Bu işlemler arasında transfer istasyonu baypas edilerek, atıklar toplandıktan sonra doğrudan da bertaraf tesisine götürülebilmektedir. Bir atık yönetimi içerisindeki en büyük maliyeti oluşturan toplama ve taşıma aşamalarındaki maliyet alt kırılımlarına göre bu duruma karar verilmektedir. Ülkemizde çevre bilincinin gelişmesi ile katı atık düzenli depolama tesislerinin sayısı da giderek artmıştır. Bu sayede yerleşim yerlerinde oluşan katı atıkların bir mühendislik çözümü çerçevesinde sızdırmaz bir zemin üzerinde çevreye ve doğaya minimum zarar verilecek şekilde bertaraf edilmeleri sağlanmaktadır.Depolamanın yanı sıra kompost ve geri kazanım tesisleri de çok sık rastlanmamakla birlikte karşılaşılan bertaraf tesisleri arasında yer almaktadır. Artmakta olan bu tesislerin amacına hizmet edebilmeleri için katı atıkların düzenli olarak bu tesislere yönlendiriliyor olması gerekmektedir. Öbür taraftan, yerleşim yerlerindeki sokağa çıkartılan atıkların da fazla bekletilmeden alınması gerekmektedir ki, şehirlerde hastalıklar yayılmasın, kemirgenler ve haşereler üremesin. Ek olarak, atıklarını zamanında toplayarak; çevrenin temiz, derli ve toplu gözükmesini sağlayan hizmetler belediyeler için her dönemde iyi bir referans olmuştur. Süre yönetiminin bu kadar önemli olduğu bir işte vatandaşların günlük ürettikleri atık miktarları baz alınarak, uygun araç büyüklükleri ve doğru taşıma mesafeleri belirlenmelidir. Ayrıca sokakların darlığı, atık kompozisyonları, atık yoğunlukları ve yollardaki eğimler de araç tipini ve kasa hacmini belirlenmesini sağlayacak diğer etmenlerdir. Bu tez çalışması ile 7+1 m3, 13+1,5 m3, 15+1,5 m3 ve 20+1,5 m3 kasa hacimli atık toplama araçlarından her biri için, bir günde toplayabildikleri atık miktarları ve yapabildikleri toplam sefer sayıları bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte ilgili yerleşim yerlerindeki günlük atık üretim miktarlarına göre de gerekli olabilecek araç sayıları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temelinde ise tüm ebatlara ve oluşan atık miktarlarına göre oluşan maliyetlerin, farklı mesafelerdeki aktarma merkezlerine taşınması sırasında gösterdiği değişikliklerin hesap edilmesi yer almaktadır. İkinci etapta, aktarma tesisinin ilk yatırım ve işletme maliyetlerinin hesaplanması yapılmıştır. Gerek araç maliyeti hesaplamaları, gerekse de transfer istasyonu maliyetlerinin hepsi toplamda 30 yıl proje süresi gözetilerek yapılmıştır. Bu sğreye göre de yıllık amortisman maliyetleri çıkartılmış olup, bir sonraki aşamada da ton başına birim fiyatlar yerleşim yerinde günlük üretilen atık miktarları ışığında hesaplanmıştır. Üçüncü olarak ise taşıma araçları için bir optimizasyon hesaplamasına gidilmiştir. Bu sefer 40 m3, 55 m3, 70 m3 semi treyler araçlara göre bir kıyaslama yapılması planlanmıştır. Fakat istiap haddi sınırına takılan bu seçeneklerde, kasa hacmi büyüdükçe ağırlığının da artması sebebiyle, atık alınabilecek tonajın giderek düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir ve bu da maliyetleri ciddi olarak etkilemiştir. Ayrıca sahada çalışan insanların tecrübelerine dayanılarak da manevra kabiliyetlerinin düşük olduğu ve transfer istasyonları içerisinde büyük zorluklar çıkardıkları belirtilmiştir. Bu sebeple taşıma kısmı için hesaplamalar sadece 40 m3 hacimli semi treylerli için yapılmış olup, farklı uzaklık mesafelerine göre tur süreleri, günde taşıyabilecekleri atık miktarları ve maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak; eğer hiç transfer istasyonu olmasa, toplama araçları ile aynı zamanda taşıma işlemi de yaplsaydı, maliyetlerin nasıl oluşacağı yönünde bir çalışma yapılmış olup, tranasfer istasyonu mevcut iken kullanılan mesafe senaryolarının aynıları uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; bir abak oluşturulmuş olup hangi mesafelerde ve atık miktarlarında olunduğunun seçilmesi ile birlikte aktarma merkezi kurmanın maliyet bakımından avantajlı mı yoksa dezavantajlı mı olacağına karar verilebilecektir. Bu sayede en uygun bütçenin ayrılmasıyla bir karar verilebiliyor olacak ve ciddi tasarruf sağlayacak bir kontrol mekanizması olmuş olacak.
-
ÖgeLife cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste(Graduate School, 2024-07-27)An increase in the quantity of generated municipal solid waste (MSW) compel societies to implement coordinated waste management plans. At the same time, municipal waste's composition diversifies in tandem with increased volumes. Plastic, paper, metal, glass, food and green waste are the main constituents of comingled waste generated by people on daily basis. Among all types, the biggest portion belongs to organics which are carbon-based materials. With a designed process, organic waste can generate energy through methanisation biologically. The process called anaerobic digestion, is one of commonly used methods to managing organic waste in a sustainable manner. On contrary, other alternative management ways such as landfilling or incineration offers more linear solutions that valuable parts of the organics (methane) are nearly wasted. In Türkiye; along 2022, according to Turkish Statistical Institute, 61% of collected municipal solid waste is mostly disposed in landfill sites. Due to commingled collection, organic fraction is mixed with other type of wastes and therefore disposed off without efficient recovery. However, a circular mindset necessitates considering waste to be handled as a source. Far from disposing organics as waste; partial recovery even like collecting landfill gas, is not adequate when the potential is considered. As a matter of fact, countries are setting targets about landfill diversion in recent years. Sustainable management for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) need to be a top concern for relevant authorities. Anaerobic digestion can be considered one of the suitable methods. Principally, it imitates the natural decomposition procedure in an engineered systematic process. It produces energy with the help of microorganisms in controlled conditions. In Türkiye nearly half of the MSW collected comprise organics which have considerable potential for energy generation. The scope of this study comprises organic waste management in one of the biggest cities in Türkiye. With its more than one million populations, Sakarya generates 1500-ton municipal solid waste per day. The whole collected waste is transferred to Sakarya Integrated Solid Waste Management Plant (SEKAY). From mentioned mixed waste, every day nearly 300 tons of organics are separated through mechanical separation units in the facility. In addition to those, external organics such as waste from recreational, agricultural activities, chicken manure or waste sludge, expired foods etc. are fed to three anaerobic digesters of the plant. Mentioned organics are degraded by various microorganism groups then nutrient-rich digestate and energy-rich biogas are produced without elemental oxygen. Released methane gas is collected via pipelines and stored in the gas balloon. As the main target is producing electricity, whole process is ended in gas engines where electricity is generated and transferred to the city grid. Heat is also another outcome of the process. Due to certain temperature needs of biological activities, the digesters are externally heated with the heat produced at the facility. The study's entire set of data is obtained from SEKAY's one-year interval anaerobic digestion operations from April 2022 to April 2023. According to records, an average of 300 tons of organic is fed into digesters and 112 MW of electricity is produced per day. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the anaerobic digestion process with a life cycle approach. The life cycle assessment (LCA) can be defined as a software-based process modeling tool. The method uses all material and energy input-output data to compile possible environmental impacts of the system. In this study, all calculations and analyses are done corresponding to a functional unit which is 1 kWh of electricity produced in SEKAY. The environmental burdens of producing 1 kWh of electricity from OFMSW are analyzed with Gabi software which has the standard framework presented in ISO 14040/14044. Every resource and emission is allocated to one or more of the impact categories included in the assessment. Thus, by utilizing the CML (Centre of Environmental Science at Leiden University) 2001 method, this study focused on impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), ADP abiotic depletion potential-elements (ADP elements), abiotic depletion potential-fossil (ADP fossil), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAEP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), human toxicity potential (HTP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). Eventually, ideas having waste to energy technologies circle around escalating obligatory waste management issues into another sustainability level. Not to have 'more trouble than it's worth' situation; precautions must be taken by authorities. Therefore, the process's environmental burdens should primarily be assessed and addressed appropriately. To conclude, the present study was designed to identify the impacts of anaerobic digestion of OFMSW with the aim of providing both environmental and technical opportunities to waste management sector. Results attained from LCA of anaerobic digestion (AD) study indicate that the biggest burden is attributed to the combined heat and power (CHP) unit. Whereas operational activities have higher impacts cumulatively, construction of the AD plant, CHP unit, composting facility has a significant effect which increases the total influence of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) management. Once the specifics are examined, electricity consumption on various points of the AD process has a noticeable negative environmental impact due to national grid content. In this manner, it is deemed necessary to conduct further sensitivity analysis which includes different electricity sources: national grid, bioenergy and solar. The results revealed that the least environmentally friendly source is the national grid due to its yet insufficient renewable source content. By taking into consideration of facility's real situation and future possibilities, storing liquid digestate in specially constructed lagoons and purifying (upgrading) biogas scenarios are also assessed.
-
ÖgePerformance tests of hybrid membrane bioreactor (IFAS MBR) system in different sludge and hydraulic retention time(Graduate School, 2024-07-08)In recent years, research has intensified on new treatment processes that occupy less space, are cost-effective, and provide highly efficient treated effluent quality due to the increasing volumes of water requiring treatment. Membrane technologies are at the forefront of these technologies. Particularly, Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems, which can be used as alternatives to conventional treatment systems in domestic wastewater treatment plants, have created a wide range of research opportunities due to their economic and easy operability. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems are widely used in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters. They are combined treatment systems where biological treatment using activated sludge is integrated with membrane filtration for solid-liquid separation. The MBR process primarily relies on the physical separation of treated water and activated sludge by membranes. Due to its high separation efficiencies, it involves the incorporation of a membrane module providing physical separation instead of the final sedimentation tank found in conventional domestic wastewater treatment plants, either submerged or externally integrated into the process. According to research, wastewater discharge from the Marmara Basin is approximately 5 million m3. According to data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, approximately 1.5 million m3 of this wastewater is discharged directly after preliminary treatment. With rapid population growth and industrialization, it is anticipated that this wastewater discharge will increase further in the coming years. In Istanbul specifically, due to spatial constraints, wastewater is only subjected to preliminary treatment before being discharged into the Sea of Marmara through deep-sea outfalls. Additionally, industries such as textiles, which generate a significant amount of wastewater, contribute to point source pollution in the Sea of Marmara. While the recent emergence of mucilage is believed to be nitrogen and phosphorus-related, efforts are needed to reduce the nutrient load entering the Marmara Sea. Action is required to address both water scarcity issues and promote resource recovery, as well as to upgrade existing systems to advanced biological treatment. In this context, the thesis in question has implications for reducing wastewater discharge and preventing marine pollution. At the current stage, it is imperative to upgrade conventional wastewater treatment plants to ensure the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and to achieve treatment efficiencies sufficient for wastewater recovery in water intensive industries. In this regard, new technologies should be employed, and whenever possible, facility designs and equipment selections should leverage local resources. This approach aims to eliminate dependence on foreign sources in the environmental sector. Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) is a relatively new wastewater treatment technology that offers various advantages over traditional activated sludge technologies. It involves the addition of a growth media to the activated sludge tank to facilitate biomass growth and enhance the treatment process. The added media can be fixed or free-floating. The technology is relatively new and can be installed as an upgrade to an existing facility or built anew. The IFAS treatment process combines traditional activated sludge and biofilm technologies in a single reactor. It offers a performance increase of up to about 40% without the need to add new aeration tanks to existing systems. IFAS adds a high surface area to the activated sludge tank, providing additional biomass and increasing the rate of microbial growth.This not only increases the sludge age but also ensures high-performance wastewater treatment. Within the scope of the thesis, the combination of MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) and IFAS (Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge) systems within a single system is planned to enhance the efficiency of the membrane system. In this regard, utilizing the film attachment feature offered by IFAS, low F/M (Food to Microorganism) ratio filtration is conducted in the membrane tank, thereby increasing flux rates and reducing transmembrane pressure. Additionally, due to the high microbial attachment, high-efficiency wastewater treatment can be achieved in small footprint areas hydraulically. This situation will provide numerous advantages, especially in areas with spatial constraints, during the revision of conventional wastewater treatment plants to advanced biological wastewater treatment plants and in capacity expansions, enabling much more wastewater treatment in the same volume. Within the scope of the thesis, a 500 L/day capacity IFAS MBR system was designed and constructed. The designs of the systems were created using a 3D drawing program. Wastewater feed to the IFAS MBR system was introduced from beneath the fixation materials placed within the biological pool, ensuring homogeneous distribution. The system was fed with real wastewater, with hydraulic feed gradually increased. In this way, organic and hydraulic loading rates were determined for each system, identifying the maximum wastewater quantities that could be treated. Additionally, within the thesis scope, the IFAS MBR system was operated at different sludge ages. It was observed that even at low sludge ages, as low as 5 days, the nitrification rate was high in the IFAS MBR system operated at different sludge ages. Another promising feature of the IFAS MBR system is its ability to achieve high nitrification rates and total nitrogen removal even at low sludge ages. Since the majority of discharges into the Sea of Marmara consist of domestic wastewater, the IFAS MBR system will be utilized for domestic wastewater treatment within the ITU Ayazaga Campus. Subsequently, this system can be adapted for the treatment of various types of industrial wastewater as well. Within the project scope, the efficiency of the membrane system was enhanced by combining the MBR system with the IFAS system within a single system. In this regard, low F/M ratio filtration was achieved in the membrane tank using the film attachment feature offered by IFAS, thereby increasing flux rates. The integrated use of the IFAS system with the MBR system is not widely documented in the literature, thus contributing valuable information to the field. Operating the hybrid IFAS MBR system within the project will reduce the footprint of wastewater treatment facilities, facilitating the revision of existing systems. This means that advanced biological treatment can be achieved at much higher capacities using existing conventional systems.
-
ÖgeTuzluluk, sülfat ve kurşun içeren kentsel atıksuların membran biyoreaktörlerde arıtımında quorum quenchıng mekanizmasının incelenmesi(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2024-07-08)Hızla artan dünya nüfusu ve gelişen sanayi, doğal kaynakların orantısız bir şekilde tüketilmesine yol açmakta ve bu durum, iklim değişikliği ve su kıtlığı gibi önemli çevresel sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Artan su kıtlığına sürdürülebilir çözümler arayışı kapsamında öne çıkan membran biyoreaktörler (MBR), atıksuların membran sistemleriyle arıtılarak sulama amaçlı geri kazanımını sağlamaktadır. MBR sistemleri, umut verici bir çözüm sunmalarına rağmen, tıkanmadan kaynaklanan sınırlamalara sahiptir. Bu tıkanmaların büyük çoğunluğu, membran yüzeyinde biyokütlenin tutunarak birikmesi sonucu oluşan biyokirlenmeden kaynaklanmaktadır. Mikroorganizmaların bulundukları ortamlarda birbirleriyle iletişim kurarak yeterli sayıya ulaştıklarında topluluk davranışları sergilemeleri bilim dünyasının keşfettiği bir gerçektir. Biyofilm oluşumu, mikroorganizmaların en temel topluluk davranışlarından biridir. Bu organizmalar, bir araya gelerek dış etkilere karşı korunma ve yaşam döngülerini sürdürebilme amacıyla "Quorum Sensing" (Yetersayı etkisi) mekanizmasını kullanırlar. Ekolojik ortamlar içerisinde, iletişim sinyalleri üretebilen türler olduğu gibi, bu sinyalleri besin kaynağı olarak kullanabilen türler de mevcuttur. Bu türler, sinyal moleküllerini besin olarak kullanırken, bir araya gelmeye çalışan diğer türlerin iletişim süreçlerini de kesintiye uğratmaktadır. Bu bakterilerin mekanizmalarının, belirli amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılması ise, yeni bir kavram olan "Quorum Quenching" (Yetersayı etkisini azaltma) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımında kullanılan membran biyoreaktörlerde (MBR) Quorum Quenching (QQ) mekanizmasının entegrasyonunu ele alarak, bu yöntemin biyoreaktör sistemlerinin operasyonel verimliliğini ve dayanıklılığını artırma potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Geleneksel MBR sistemlerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve sistem performansını olumsuz etkileyen biyofilm oluşumu ve biyotıkanma gibi sorunlara çözüm bulmak amaçlanmıştır. Endüstriyel atıksu arıtımı, değişken kirlilik yükleri ve zorlu operasyonel koşullar nedeniyle MBR teknolojilerinde önemli zorluklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu tez, QQ mekanizmasını kullanarak, mikroorganizmalar arası iletişimi baskılayarak biyofilm formasyonunu önleyip, membran yüzeylerinde biyotıkanmayı azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Bunu yaparken bir yandan ensütriyel atıksularda bulunan toksisite etkisi olan bazı kirletici parametrelerinin bakteriyel QQ mekanizmasına olan etkisi araştırışmıştır. Araştırma, QQ mekanizmasının MBR sistemlerine entegrasyonunun, biyokirlenme oranını düşürdüğünü ve atık su arıtım verimliliğini artırdığını göstermiştir. Çalışma, laboratuvar ölçekli deneyler ve kontrol gruplarıyla karşılaştırmalı analizler kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. QQ entegre MBR sistemlerinin (QQ-MBR), konvansiyonel MBR sistemlerine kıyasla daha düşük biyofilm oluşumu ve daha yüksek kirlilik giderim verimliliği sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, QQ-MBR sistemlerinin, özellikle ağır metal ve organik kirleticilerin etkili olduğu atıksuların arıtımında da membran biyokirlenmesini azaltarak üstün performans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu tez QQ mekanizmasının MBR sistemlerine entegrasyonunun, endüstriyel atıksu arıtımında önemli bir yenilik olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ve bu entegrasyonun sistemin genel sürdürülebilirliğine ve ekonomik verimliliğine katkıda bulunabileceğini önermektedir. Ayrıca, bulgular, biyotıkanma ve enerji tüketimi gibi operasyonel maliyetleri azaltma potansiyeline işaret etmekte, bu sayede atıksu arıtımının genel maliyetinin düşürülmesine yardımcı olabileceğini vurgulamaktadır.