LEE- Yapı İşletmesi-Yüksek Lisans
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ÖgeTürk adalet sisteminde inşaat sektörü ile ilgili davaların teknik ve hukuki sınıflandırılması ve teknik bilirkişi çalışmalarının süreci(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-06-18)İnşaat sektörü, binaların, altyapıların ve diğer yapıların tasarımını, inşaatını, onarımını ve bakımını kapsayan ekonomik bir alandır. Bu sektör, fiziksel yapıların geliştirilmesi ve inşa edilmesiyle ilgilenirken, aynı zamanda iş gücü, malzeme, mühendislik ve tasarım gibi çeşitli disiplinlerin bir araya gelmesini gerektirir. İnşaat sektörü, ekonomik kalkınmada önemli bir rol oynar çünkü konut, ticaret, sanayi ve altyapı gibi kritik yapıların inşa edilmesini sağlayarak toplumların ve ekonomilerin gelişmesine katkı sağlar. İnşaat sektörü, birçok farklı tarafın iş birliği içinde çalıştığı karmaşık bir alandır. Bu taraflar arasında ilk olarak işveren (proje sahibi) yer alır; proje finansmanını sağlayan ve inşaatı başlatan kişidir. Yüklenici (ana müteahhit), projenin inşaat işlerini üstlenen ve tüm süreci yöneten firmadır. Yüklenici, gerekirse alt yükleniciler (taşeronlar) ile belirli işlerde iş birliği yaparak uzmanlaşmış hizmetler sağlar. Proje yöneticisi, inşaatın her aşamasını koordine eder, zaman çizelgesine uygunluk sağlar ve projenin kalitesini denetler. Mimarlar ve inşaat mühendisleri gibi mühendislik danışmanları, yapının estetik tasarımını oluşturur, güvenliğini ve sağlamlığını hesaplar. Ayrıca, elektrik, mekanik ve HVAC mühendisleri gibi uzmanlar, yapının iç sistemlerinin kurulumu ve tasarımını gerçekleştirir. Bilirkişiler, inşaatla ilgili teknik değerlendirmeler yaparak mahkemelerde veya uyuşmazlıklarda tarafsız görüş bildirir. Yasal ve mali danışmanlar ise inşaat sözleşmelerini düzenler, hukuki sorunları çözer ve finansal yönetimi sağlar. Son olarak, denetçiler, inşaat sürecinin ve tamamlanan yapının standartlara uygunluğunu kontrol eder. Tüm bu taraflar, inşaat projelerinin başarılı bir şekilde tamamlanabilmesi için birbirleriyle uyum içinde çalışır. Bu kadar çok tarafın olduğu yerde ihtilaf olmaması da kaçınılmazdır. Özellikle inşaat sektörünü ilgilendiren davalardaki teknik bilirkişi raporları incelendiğinde davaların çok uzun sürdüğü, dava süresince davaya birçok farklı bilirkişi atandığı, dava için gerekli evrakların eksik olduğu, davacı veya davalı tarafından belirtilen talebin teknik bir konu olması nedeniyle hukuk tarafında çalışanların teknik konuda bilgisinin yetersiz olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Diğer yandan inşaat davalarının bu kadar uzun sürmesinin temel sebebi olarak inşaat davasının konusuna, teknik bilirkişilerin teknik açıdan bakması karşısında hukuk çalışanlarının hukuki açıdan bakarak dava konusuna farklı bakış açılarından yaklaşımın yarattığı karmaşa olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat davalı veya davacı, dava konusuna teknik açıdan bakılarak kısa süre içerisinde davanın sonuçlanmasını ve işini tamamlamayı amaçlarken hukuki bakış açısında teknik bilginin yetersiz veya zayıf olmasından kaynaklı dava konusu talebin değerlendirilmesindeki farklı bakış açısının yarattığı girdaba girerek sorunlu bir inşaat davası açılmış bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle tez kapsamında ilk olarak Türk Adalet Sistemi'nin işleyişi ve genel yapısı incelenmiştir. Çeşitli hukuk kaynaklarından Türk Adalet Sistemi'ndeki yargı kolları, görev ve yetkileri, çalışma düzeni, işleyişi, mahkeme türleri ve inşaat davalarının hangi mahkeme türlerinde görüldüğü incelenmiştir. Ardından incelenen teknik bilirkişi raporları ve literatür taramasına göre inşaat dava türleri belirlenmeye ve tasnif edilmeye başlanmıştır. Türk Adalet Sistemi'nde davaların kaderini doğrudan etkileyen diğer bir unsur ise davaya hakim tarafından atanan inşaat bilirkişileridir. Bu bilirkişiler, teknik bir konuda görüş vermesi ve davanın sonuçlanmasını doğrudan etkilemesi açısından son derece önemli kişilerdir. Bu tez kapsamında teknik bilirkişilerin Türk Adalet Sistemi'nde nasıl çalıştığı ve görevleri araştırılmıştır. Davaya atanan bilirkişilerin dava sürecine etkisini, dava süresinin uzunluğunu, davanın doğru mahkemede açılmaması nedeniyle oluşacak zaman kaybını, davada gerekli olabilecek evrak ve dokümanların eksikliği nedeniyle dava süresine etkisini, verilen kararlara itiraz nedeniyle davanın sonuçlandırılamadığı ve bu sebeple de dava süresinin uzunluğunu gösterebilmek amacıyla Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu'na göre Bilirkişi Akış Diyagramı hazırlanmıştır. Bilirkişi Akış Diyagramı, bir inşaat davasının tüm süreçlerini gösteren ve inşaat bilirkişisinin bu süreçlerde ne yapması gerektiğini açıklayan önemli bir diyagramdır. Bu diyagram izlenerek herhangi bir davanın hangi aşamada olduğunu, öncesinde neler yapıldığını ve sonrasında neler yapılacağını görebilmek açısından davacı, davalı, hakim, avukat, bilirkişi vb. kişiler tarafından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bilirkişi Akış Diyagramını oluşturduktan sonra diyagramın Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu'na uygun şekilde oluşturulduğunu doğrulamak amacıyla örnek dava dosyalarının diyagrama uygunluğu incelenmiştir. İnceleme neticesinde diyagramın dava süreçlerine uygun şekilde oluşturulduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ardından, inşaat davalarının ne kadar uzun sürdüğünü göstermek amacıyla üç adet gerçek dava dosyası incelenmiştir. Bu dava dosyaları, Bilirkişi Akış Diyagramı'na göre düzenlendikten sonra yapılan incelemede normalde altı ay sürmesi gereken dava dosyası halen dördüncü senesine ulaşmasına rağmen sonuçlanmamıştır. Bu durum Türk Adalet Sistemine, hakimlere, avukatlara, davacıya, davalıya, teknik bilirkişiye vb. birçok kişi ve kuruma önemli derecede sorun yaratarak zaman kaybına neden olmaktadır. İnşaat teknik bir konu olduğu için ve hukuk alanında inşaat teknik bilgisine sahip kişilerin azınlıkta olması nedeniyle inşaat davalarının sonuçlanması uzun sürmektedir. Avukatların teknik konuya bakış açısı, hukuk kitaplarında inşaat sınıflandırması ne kadarıyla mevcutsa o kadar bilgiyle sınırlı kalmaktadır. Ancak, hukuki sınıflandırmada tek bir konuya dahil olan dava türü, inşaat teknik sınıflandırmasına göre onlarca konuya dahil olabilmektedir. Bu durum, avukatlar tarafından açılan davanın ne kadar açık ve anlaşılır olduğu, davanın görüldüğü mahkeme türünün ne kadar doğru olduğu, davacı tarafından talep edilen konunun hakim tarafından ne kadar doğru değerlendirildiği ve davaya atanan teknik bilirkişilerin davayı ne kadar doğru yorumladığı kuşkuludur. Bu konunun aydınlatılması için yapılan araştırmada teknik sınıflandırma için 54 konu başlığı altında 215 dava türü; hukuki sınıflandırmada ise 27 adet konu başlığı altında 66 adet dava türü bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmadan da anlaşılacağı üzere hukuki açıdan tek bir konuda incelenen dava, teknik olarak birçok dava konusuna dahil olabilmektedir. Hukukçulara göre inşaat dava türleri borç adı altında sınıflandırılmaktadır. Özellikle özen ve sadakat borcu gibi çok geniş kapsamlı bir sınıflandırmaya, teknik sınıflandırmanın tamamının dahil edilebilir olduğunun söylenmesi yanlış olmayacaktır. Bu nedenledir ki avukatların inşaat davalarında genellikle bu tarzdaki geniş kapsamlı hukuki inşaat dava türü sınıflandırmalarını kullanmaları, davaların amacının ve kapsamının tam olarak belirlenememesine, tam olarak belirlenemeyen talep yüzünden doğru mahkeme türünde davaların görülememesine, davaya tecrübeli teknik bilirkişinin atanana kadar ki süreç içerisinde dava süresinin oldukça uzamasına ve en başta davacı tarafından doğru talep yapılamamasından dolayı geçen dava süresine rağmen davanın neredeyse en başa dönüp tekrar görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Halbuki inşaat sektöründeki davaların çoğunun konusu alacak-verecek davalarıdır. Bu davalarda, spesifik bir teknik konu üzerinden matematiksel hesaplar yapılır ve doğru sonuca ulaşmak kesindir. Ancak hukuk sektöründeki insanların inşaat teknik bilgisinin çok zayıf olmasından kaynaklı davacı veya davalı tarafından talep edilen konu tam anlamıyla anlaşılamamakta ve dolayısıyla dava en başından itibaren hatalı bir şekilde ilerlemektedir. Sonuç olarak, teknik ve hukuki sınıflandırmadaki hem sayısal açıdan hem de kapsam açısından oluşan farkın çözümlenebilmesi için bir dava matrisi oluşturulmuştur. Bu matris ile amaç hukuki ve teknik dava türlerinin birbirleri ile uygunluğunu belirleyebilmektir. Böylece, teknik sınıflandırmada yer alan dava türlerinin hukuki sınıflandırmadaki karşılığı eşleşecek ve tam tersi durum da geçerli olacaktır. Böyle bir çalışma hem teknik bilirkişilere hukuki açıdan bakmayı hem de hukuk çalışanlarına teknik açıdan bakmayı sağlayacaktır.
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ÖgeInvestigation of asset management practices in airports(Graduate School, 2023)Asset management in the facilities management phase is crucial for improving performance and ensuring sustainable use of assets in facilities. It involves tracking assets and carrying out maintenance, repair, and replacement activities throughout the asset lifecycle, including planning, procurement, operation, maintenance, and disposal. Organizations with a high operational focus must effectively manage their capital and processes to ensure profitability. These businesses encounter a range of challenges as a result of operating and sustaining expensive, complex assets. Since each building type has complex characteristics and varying maintenance demands, developing a standardized management system for different building assets can pose challenges. Airports are one of these complex facilities, making it difficult to manage and track numerous different assets. Airport assets require a deep understanding and expertise in efficient management due to their highly specialized nature and strict security regulations and compliance requirements. Additionally, the volume of traffic and security risks directly impact asset utilization. There are limited studies in the literature that comprehensively address asset management topics. Most studies focus on a limited part of the asset lifecycle. These studies typically concentrate on asset maintenance and repair while neglecting other stages of the asset lifecycle. Other studies only examine the financial aspects of assets. Studies conducted in airports generally related the facility management and examined the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with asset and facility management. These studies emphasize the potential advantages of BIM, including enhanced collaboration, stakeholder involvement, smart data utilization, and cost reduction in airport asset management. However, a comprehensive study that examines a wide range of aspects, such as asset records, digital tools used, maintenance and repair operations, asset service levels, financial evaluation of assets, risk analysis of assets, standards in asset management used at airports, performance indicators, and challenges, is not within the author's knowledge. The mentioned topics have been researched in the literature, and their place in asset management has been examined. The aim of this research is to examine the approaches used in airport asset management, identify critical assets, highlight similarities and differences, identify difficulties encountered in airport asset management, and provide recommendations to airport operators based on these data. In this regard, case studies were conducted in four different airports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers responsible for airport asset management, and documents were collected. The examined airports are operated by an international airport management company. They are part of a holding company that includes a construction company specializing in airport construction. The selection of airport cases was based on size and location criteria to provide a diverse sample. Data collection techniques included interviews with key personnel responsible for asset management and document analysis of relevant reports and policies. The asset management approaches were examined from both technical and financial perspectives in the interviews. The following questions were asked: 1) Do you have an asset management plan, and if yes, how is it implemented and how are assets classified? Do you use any digital tools for this purpose? (2) Are you aware of any asset management standards, and are you using them? 3) Which assets are considered critical and monitored closely to prevent any downtime? 4) What are the parameters for Level of Service (LOS) of the assets (e.g. safety, customer satisfaction, cost, capacity), and how do you measure it? 5) How do you perform a risk assessment for airport assets? 6) What database are you using to register assets? 7) Which Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are tracked to evaluate the performance of the assets? 8) How do you financially evaluate the assets? 9) What are the challenges in asset management at Airports? Six online interviews were conducted at various times, with each interview lasting an average of one and a half hours. Each interviewee is an expert in their field with at least ten years of experience. The study employed a cross-case analysis approach to compare findings among cases, identify patterns and themes, and determine the critical assets, challenges, best practices, and lessons learned based on the responses. To ensure the accuracy of the findings, interviews, project documents, and participant observations were collected and triangulated. The study enhanced the repeatability and reliability of the research by developing a case study protocol and database for the cases. The study examined airport asset management practices by analyzing four case studies. It highlighted the importance of extracting and listing critical assets and recording, classifying, storing, and using asset data in databases. The study also explored digital tools such as CMMS-ERP for asset management and emphasized the need for tool compatibility to avoid interoperability issues. Furthermore, the research focused on asset maintenance and repair processes and highlighted the benefits of implementing a unified platform, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), for efficient asset information management. The integration of BIM and the Internet of Things (IoT) was found to enable real-time asset monitoring, predictive maintenance, and remote diagnostics, leading to improved maintenance efforts and operational efficiency at airports. Moreover, the study also discussed the role of mobile devices in enhancing the integration of the site team into the asset management system, facilitating data retrieval, informed decision-making, and collaboration among maintenance stakeholders. An efficient spare parts management plan was also deemed crucial for uninterrupted execution of maintenance and repair activities. Furthermore, the study revealed that larger airports prefer powerful-enterprise tools for maintenance, while smaller airports prefer more cost-effective internal programs due to their simpler infrastructure and limited budget. The analysis emphasized the importance of measuring the availability and utilization of critical systems and achieving target values to enhance the level of service (LOS) for airport assets. User feedback and adherence to ISO standards were found to positively influence the LOS levels. Key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets were highlighted as significant factors in achieving efficient airport asset management. Finally, the study recommended the adoption of a tool for calculating the life cycle costs of assets to address the lack of evaluation methodology for asset purchases and the absence of information about the total cost of ownership. By leveraging BIM, IoT, and total cost of ownership (TCO) calculations, airports can optimize maintenance costs, improve financial planning, and enhance asset valuation and risk assessment, leading to informed financial decisions and improved overall financial performance. The study identified a gap in asset-based risk analysis and proposed the implementation of an asset-based risk assessment approach and risk heat maps for effective risk mitigation. The combination of BIM and IoT was suggested as a solution for early risk detection and proactive risk management, helping airports minimize disruptions and financial losses while ensuring asset reliability. The absence of clear standards or guidelines for airport asset management was highlighted as a potential issue, leading to ineffective management, misalignment with strategic objectives, reduced compliance, and compromised safety. Implementing ISO 55000 standards was recommended to establish a robust framework for effective decision-making, resource optimization, and risk mitigation, ultimately improving operational performance and passenger experience. Employee awareness and training programs were essential for successful ISO 55000 implementation. The study's findings offer valuable insights into the current practices and challenges in airport asset management. These findings can serve as a foundation for academicians to develop frameworks and system architectures that address the identified challenges. Moreover, practitioners can utilize the study's findings to enhance their asset management processes in airports, implementing the recommended solutions and improving overall efficiency. Future studies could expand the scope beyond the selected airports and include a more diverse set of airports to increase the generalizability of the findings. It would also be beneficial to investigate further the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for asset management, with an emphasis on real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, enhanced performance analysis, communication, coordination, and resource allocation.
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ÖgeHow green construction enhances the quality and profitability of office buildings focusing on leed: A case study of energy-cost analysis and benefit assessment(Graduate School, 2024-07-05)Studies found that there is a huge difference between the conventional office building and the eco-friendly one concerning energy use and electricity consumption. The in-depth investigation on this regards was carried out with the help of advanced modelling software, Design Builder. It is concluded that the principles of a sustainable design play a very important role in saving resources and reducing operational costs throughout the life cycle of a building. Green buildings embody sustainability and demonstrate the potential of these design principles in significantly reducing the impact of the environment in built environments. Important issues, such as climate change and resource depletion, have been catered for by these green buildings through the reduction of energy use and dwindling dependence on limited resources. This further takes a boost from the incorporation of renewable energy resources and new technologies, which no doubt position green buildings as the future of architectural designs. This intrinsic relationship between built environments and human well-being emphasizes the need to envelop environmentally sustainable design into building practices. As a result of their effects on indoor air quality, admission of considerably more natural lighting, and excellent thermal comfort, green buildings enhance the physical health, mental well-being, and productivity of the users. Research has shown that better indoor air quality is related to a lower prevalence of respiratory difficulties and allergies, while the exposure to daylight has been linked with a better mood and higher productivity. Thermal comfort maintains attention and decreases stress. In this way, green buildings are not a benefit for the environment but also for considerable improvement in living quality for all those who work inside them. On the financial side, green office buildings bring benefits during a building's lifetime. Some of the more direct benefits include reduced operational expenses through lesser energy and water consumption. Another large component of benefits is an increased value of assets through the higher market premiums for green buildings that are therefore adept at enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Added to this is the fact that there are a number of legislative incentives aimed at greater sustainability, including tax rebates, grants, and preferential speeding-up of permitting procedures. These incentives facilitate an even more attractive initial investment in green building, making it more economically viable. It's nothing short of a game changer: the shift toward green office buildings. It's thoroughly sustainable development in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Sustainable development ameliorates the pressure on the environment, increases economic resilience, and enhances the social fabric of our communities. In its approach, it assures that the benefits of green buildings do not stop at the buildings' respective physical borders but contribute to a more comprehensive concept of sustainable development. Realizing the full potential of green buildings will ultimately require a continuation of the spirit of collaboration across the spectrum—from architects to engineers, from policymakers to the occupants of these buildings—all with the same goal of supporting innovation through a steadfast commitment to sustainability. This collective effort, therefore, becomes very important in surmounting other challenges that may continue to confront green building practices on the road to universal embracement. In addition, constant research and development are needed for the upgrading of technologies and techniques to be more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible. Conclusion: It is not only a trend or niche within architecture. Green building points to an important change as regards a more sustainable future, and its more fair design. This building design and construction approach takes most problems related to the environment, economic benefits, and social well-being into consideration. Continuing collaboration, increased innovation, and strong commitment are some of the ways toward development of built environment that combines with nature and benefits human well-being. This vision of green buildings is what will guide us on to sustainable development and bring human activities into harmony with the rest of nature.
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ÖgeAnalysis of consultant and employer risks in traditional design and BIM projects(Graduate School, 2023)Risks can lead to critical consequences such as delays and cost overruns in construction projects. Therefore, all stakeholders involved are directly or indirectly affected by these risks. The types, impact and likelihood of risks may change depending on the delivery system, contracts used, or technologies adopted in the projects. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the trends that significantly affect the roles and responsibilities of the parties as well as the risks encountered in the projects. While some risks are common in Traditional Design and BIM projects, some different risks can also be seen. As the use of BIM is increasing day by day with high acceleration, many new risks have emerged. In addition, while some risks in Traditional Design projects continue their impact in BIM projects, other risks may no longer be a burden on the project. The risks that occur cause different types of impact on each party of the project. The three main parties that are usually involved in the projects, the Employer, the Consultant, and the Contractor, are the parties exposed to these risks. Each party is directly or indirectly affected by the risks. Although the Contractor, who is responsible for the execution of the works on the site, often faces the risks directly, the Employer and the Consultant can also suffer significantly from these risks. It is inevitable for all parties to take certain measures to prevent the occurrence of risks. In the literature, separate studies are conducted for the risks that occur in Traditional Design and BIM projects. In addition, these studies have been conducted neglecting the different positions of the parties. Most studies did not differentiate the risks faced by the parties and a few studies focused on the Contractor risks. However, the risks faced by the Employer and the Consultant in Traditional Design and BIM projects remain unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive study determining the risks and mitigation mechanisms for the Consultant and Employer in the process of transition to BIM is lacking in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to make a comparative analysis of the risks faced by Employers and Consultants in Traditional Design and BIM Projects and to determine the mitigation methods that can be utilized against these risks. In addition, this thesis sheds light on the different risks encountered in local and international BIM Projects. As a result, risk management strategies for the Employer and Consultant has been developed for the assessment and mitigation of risks in the Traditional Design and BIM projects. The steps used in the methodology of the thesis are as follows: (1) determining the Employer and Consultant risks encountered in Traditional Design and BIM projects through literature review, (2) calculating the risk levels by determining the likelihood and impact values of risks in Traditional Design and BIM projects through a survey and identifying the risk factors that change significantly in Traditional Design and BIM projects, (3) determining the risk mitigation mechanisms that can be used for the risk factors identified and evaluating the risk management approaches in BIM projects in Turkey and abroad through expert interviews, and (4) developing strategies for the Employer and Consultant for the assessment and mitigation of risks in the Traditional Design and BIM projects based on the field study findings. In the first step of the study, the basic features of BIM were examined extensively to understand the risks that may emerge in BIM projects. Different aspects of BIM, such as the development, implementation processes, BIM implementation plan, benefits and challenges of BIM were analyzed through the literature. In addition, a study has been conducted on standard contract types such as FIDIC, NEC, and AIA, which are frequently used in construction projects. The adaptation of these contract types to BIM projects and the new legal processes emerging with BIM were also analyzed in detail through the literature. The parties involved in construction projects and their risk area have been identified. Once the background information was collected, the main risks of the parties in Traditional Design and BIM projects were unfolded by a systematic review of the literature, and 74 risk factors for Traditional Design projects and 102 risk factors for BIM projects were identified. These factors were grouped under the following categories: natural risks, design risks, logistics risks, financial risks, contract risks, legal and regulatory risks, political risks, construction risks, and environmental & social risks. In the second step, a survey was conducted with a total of 30 experts from Traditional Design projects and 25 experts from BIM projects. These experts were selected from among the Employer and Consultant organizations. The experts were asked to evaluate the impact and likelihood of the identified risks according to the Likert scale. The reliability and consistency of the data obtained from the survey were tested via Cronbach's Alpha method. The likelihood, impact and risk level of each risk were evaluated separately for the Traditional Design and BIM projects. The results show that the top five risk factors in Traditional Design projects are underestimation of costs, exchange rate and inflation, economic crisis, national and international governmental relations impacts and costs for legal and contractual disputes. On the other hand, the top five risk factors in BIM projects are economic crisis, exchange rate and inflation, lack of BIM talents and experience in the team, work interaction and challenges related to coordination and teamwork and contractor default / contractor competence. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program was used for the numerical analysis of the collected data including the Shapiro-Wilk Normality test. Since data did not show normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test, which is the last stage of the quantitative analysis, was performed to observe which risk factors show a significant difference in Traditional Design and BIM projects. According to the findings, the risk levels show a significant difference in the Traditional Design and BIM projects in the following risk factors: defective design, data interoperability, intellectual property, economic crisis, national and international governmental relations impacts, authority and relations of the consultant, inadequate support from the designer in the construction process, low consultancy fee, language problem. In the third step, interviews were conducted with 12 experts in the quest to identify the mitigation mechanisms that can be utilized against the identified risks. While determining these experts, 6 experts (3 Consultants, 3 Employers) were selected from ongoing big scale Traditional Design projects and 6 experts (3 Consultants, 3 Employers) were selected from ongoing big-scale BIM projects. These experts suggested different mitigation mechanisms for the identified risks based on their experience. While experts focused on similar solutions for some risks (e.g., conducting training for adaptation to new technology), they offered marginal solutions methods for other risks (e.g., follow-up BIM models metadata for defective materials and equipment quality). Additionally, 3 BIM experts who work on BIM projects abroad were also interviewed. Information was obtained from these experts about the risks they face in BIM projects in foreign countries (where BIM implementation levels are higher), and the different perspectives between them and the experts working on BIM projects in Turkey were compared. As a result, risk management strategies for the Employer and Consultant for the assessment and mitigation of risks in the Traditional Design and BIM projects were developed based on the field study findings in the last step. This risk management strategies involves the risks that may be encountered, their likelihood and impact levels for the Employer and Consultant and also the mechanisms that may be utilized to mitigate these risks. The Employer and Consultant parties may use these strategies to assess the risks involved in the Traditional Design and BIM projects and adopt mitigation measures in the contract preparation stage. The Employer and Consultant parties may also have a better understanding regarding how certain risk factors change during the transition to BIM projects and prepare for the new risks that may emerge. Consequently, the specific contributions of this study are: (1) Identification of Employer and Consultant risks encountered in Traditional Design and BIM projects, (2) determining the risk levels in Traditional Design and BIM projects and evaluating the risks that show different values in different project types, (3) developing risk management mechanisms for the identified risk factors and determining different risk management approaches in BIM projects in Turkey and abroad, (4) developing risk management strategies for Employer and Consultant in Traditional Design and BIM projects.
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ÖgeKnowledge management tool proposal for effective claim management in the construction industry: A lesson learned approach(Graduate School, 2024-06-04)This thesis aims to address the critical role of knowledge management (KM) in the construction sector, focusing on improving claim management practices. The study is driven by two primary objectives: first, to understand the current practices of KM in the construction industry through interviews with sector leaders, and second, to propose KM toolkits tailored for claim management to reveal how such tools can contribute to process enhancements. The methodology unfolds across distinct phases, starting with reviewing existing literature on KM benefits and organizational practices and identifying challenges in the construction sector. Sector interviews were then conducted with leading construction firms to gauge their understanding and usage of KM, followed by similar interviews with consulting companies to compare practices. These interviews highlighted the need for improvements in KM within the construction industry, especially given the challenges and complexities of claim management. Furthermore, a review of the existing literature reveals a notable scarcity of research on applying KM theories to claim management. This thesis aims to address this gap by exploring and contributing to this under-researched area. The literature review on claim management analyzed the processes that must be followed according to the type of contract. The challenges and key aspects are highlighted for a successful claim management and dispute procedure from the contractor's side. Based on these insights, a KM toolbox that consists of four KM toolkits was developed to facilitate more effective knowledge sharing and organizational learning (OL) in claim management. Their applicability was tested using the lesson-learned approach across five real-life case studies. Additionally, expert claim managers provided validation by ranking the proposed toolkits according to their potential benefits. The research findings demonstrate that a strategic approach to KM in the construction sector can significantly improve claim management outcomes. The proposed KM toolbox, which consists of four KM toolkits, offers a structured framework to harness organizational knowledge, reduce claim resolution times, and foster a more proactive, collaborative culture. The toolbox aims to increase the efficiency of construction companies by exploiting OM and thus influence the sector in effective KM. Overall, this thesis contributes valuable insights and practical tools for construction firms aiming to transform their claim management processes through enhanced knowledge sharing and organizational learning practices. As per future studies, the KM toolbox that the thesis suggests could be digitalized, and real-life implementations could be tested.