LEE- Matematik Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans

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http://hdl.handle.net/11527/19383

Gözat

Hopf bifurcation in a generalized Goodwin model with delay

(Graduate School, 2024-06-26) Şans, Eyşan ; Özemir, Cihangir ; 509201234 ; Mathematics Engineering

In the theory of dynamical systems, delay differential equations have an important place. While in a non-delayed dynamical system the rate of change of state variables depends instantaneously on the state variables, in delayed dynamical systems this functional dependence can be with a time delay. In real life problems, this may occur, for example, when the signals transmitted to the processor of a physical system that collects and evaluates signals from different points in space are transmitted with a time difference due to the path difference. Methods and simulation tools are available in the literature for analysing the stability of a dynamic system formulated without delay, either locally at equilibrium points or globally. The "stable" and "unstable" conditions that we encounter in stability analysis can be target conditions according to the physical model under investigation. For example, in a dynamic system that approximately models the vibrations of a structural element vibrating under the effect of an earthquake, it is desired that the vibrations evolve to zero equilibrium point over time and that the zero equilibrium point is stable. In a mechanical system which is desired to generate energy with its vibrations, it will be the target condition that the vibrations are not damped. Stability analysis is performed to determine the parameter conditions that will give the stable and unstable conditions of the equilibrium points. However, if the dynamical system modelling the relevant physical system actually has a delayed time dynamics, the system may actually be unstable in a parameter set that is predicted as a stable equilibrium point by the non-delayed analysis. Therefore, the analysis of the relevant dynamics needs to be carried out in the formulation of the theory of delayed dynamical systems. Goodwin's model is one of the well-known dynamical systems in macroeconomics which formulates the mechanism between the employment ratio and the wage share in a closed economy. The model is formulated under the assumptions of steady technical progress and steady growth in technical force. Only two factors of production are considered: labour and capital. Working class consume all their wages, whereas all profits are invested by the capital holders. A constant capital-output ratio is assumed, and the relation between the inflation rate and unemployment rate is determined by a linearized Phillips curve. There is an argument in the literature that the functional dependence of the Phillips curve, which expresses the relationship between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, depends on the time delay. There are only a few publications that consider this dependence with a delay and dynamically analyse modified versions of the Goodwin model. The Goodwin model, which is essentially a mathematical economics analogue of the predator-prey system of population dynamics, despite its simplicity, explains to some extent the periodic behaviour of state variables observed at certain time intervals.
Spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme zaman integrasyonu yöntemleri

(Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022-06-01) Bahçekapılı, Duygum Asya ; Kadıoğlu, Samet Yücel ; Kadıoğlu, Hülya ; 509171247 ; Matematik Mühendisliği

Bu çalışmada, adi diferansiyel denklemler ile oluşturulmuş başlangıç değer problemlerinin sayısal çözümlerini yapabilmek için geliştirilmiş "spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme" yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yöntemlerinin özü, Euler yöntemlerine dayanmaktadır. Amaç, birer ilkel zaman integrasyonu yöntemi olan açık ve kapalı Euler yöntemlerinin doğruluk mertebesini keyfi mertebede arttırabilmektir. Problemler çözülürken, öncelikle, tez içinde "ara çözüm" olarak adlandırılacak olan başlangıç çözümü, denklemin yapısına uygun olarak, açık veya kapalı Euler yöntemleri ile elde edilmiştir. Ardında, ara çözüme düzeltme prosedürü uygulanarak "düzeltme çözümü" olarak adlandırılacak olan çözümler elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların literatürle uyumlu olduğu ve keyfi mertebede doğruluk sağlanabildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Yine çalışmada, başlangıç değer problemlerinin çözümünde sıklıkla başvurulan sayısal yöntemlerden olan Runge - Kutta yöntemlerinin ve spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yöntemlerinin kararlılık bölgesi analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu kararlılık bölgeleri şekiller aracılığıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Ardından, spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yöntemlerinin kararlılık davranışı hem açık hem kapalı şemalar için incelenmiş olup sonuçlar şekiller ile verilmiştir. Yine çalışmada, spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yöntemleri, tek bir denklemden sisteme kadar dört adet başlangıç değer problemine uygulanarak elde edilen sonuçlar çizelgeler ile çalışmaya eklenmiştir. Ayrıca yine her bir problem için bir diferansiyel denklem çözücüsü olan ODE45 ile 5. mertebe açık spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yönteminin çözümleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Gerçek çözümü bilinen problemler için her iki yöntemin de gerçek çözümle karşılaştırılması yapılıp, sonuçlar şekiller ile gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada hem kararlılık bölgesi analizleri yapılarak hem de problemlerin çözümünde kullanılarak, spektral ertelenmiş düzeltme yöntemlerinin başlangıç değer problemlerini çözmedeki doğruluk ve etki performansı incelenmiş ve yöntemin sıklıkla kullanılan diğer sayısal yöntemlerden bazıları ile karşılaştırılması yapılarak avantaj ve dezavantajlarından bahsedilmiştir.

Gözat

Konu "differential equations" ile LEE- Matematik Mühendisliği-Yüksek Lisans'a göz atma

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