Tarihi Konut Yapılarını Ve Alanlarını Korumanın Ekonomik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi-galata Örneği
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
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Kentleşme ve küreselleşmenin tarihi kent merkezlerinde neden olduğu fiziksel yıpranma, sosyal doku değişimi ve ekonomik rekabet edebilirliğin azalması sorunlarına çözüm olarak geliştirilen yaklaşımlar, tarihi yapıların ve alanların yeniden kullanılabilir ve yaşanabilir olmasının sağlanması amacına odaklanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir gelişim bağlamında üretilen politikalar, mevcut fiziksel dokuyu sosyal doku ile bir bütün olarak ele almakta, iyileştirmenin, kamu-özel sektör işbirliklerinin geliştirilmesi ve toplumsal katılım ile sağlanmasını hedeflemektedir. Türkiye’de tarihi yapı ve alanların içinde bulunduğu köhneme süreci, 1990’lı yıllarda turizm sektörünü canlandırma ve geliştirme projeleri ile, 2000’li yıllarda ise kentsel dönüşüm ve yenileme projeleri ile aşılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Her iki kapsamda da ‘‘fiziksel ve sosyal yapının korunması’’ amacından uzaklaşılarak, ekonomik gelişimi sağlama öncelikli kararlar alındığı izlenmektedir. Araştırma Türkiye’de kültürel mirası korumanın yarattığı ekonomik etkinin tanımlanması konusunu ele almakta, tarihi yapı ve alanların orijinal konut fonksiyonları ile korunmalarının fiziksel ve sosyal korunma ve ekonomik gelişimi bir arada sağlayacağını savunmaktadır. Kültürel mirası koruma konusundaki ekonomik analizler genellikle iki temel probleme odaklanmaktadır: • Kültürel mirasın ekonomik değerinin tanımlanması, • Kültürel mirası korumanın yarattığı ekonomik etkinin tanımlanması. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı, tarihi yapıların, özgün konut işlevleri ile korunmalarının sağlayacağı ekonomik etkilerin saptanması ve değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla araştırmanın temel hedefi olan korumanın ekonomik göstergelerde yaratacağı değişimlerin saptanmasına yönelik olarak cevap aradığı: • Tarihi yapıların ve alanların korunmasını etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? • Yasal, yönetsel ve finansal koruma düzenlemeleri ve bu düzenlemelerin yarattığı ekonomik etkiler nelerdir? • Tarihi yapıların ve korumanın ekonomik etkilerini araştırma süreci nasıl gelişmiştir? • Tarihi yapıları, alanları korumanın ekonomik etkilerini ölçme yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin korumayı değerlendirme yeterlilikleri nelerdir? • Tarihi yapıları, alanları korumanın fayda ve maliyetleri nelerdir? • Tarihi yapıları, alanları koruma sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik gelişimin etkin yolu olabilir mi? • Kamu ve özel sektörün korumaya yaptığı yatırımı geri alabilme oranı ve süresi nedir? alt soruları, araştırmanın çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır. Koruma kararının uygulanması aşaması, koruma ile ekonominin birebir etkileşim içerisinde olduğu sürecin başlangıcını oluşturmaktadır. Koruma kavramının gelişiminde ve korumanın uygulanabilirliğinde ekonomik koşulların etkinliği, günümüzde ekonomi ile korumanın birbirinden bağımsız düşünülmemesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Korumaya yatırım yapmanın ekonomik etkilerinin saptanması, uygulama kararının alınmasında belirleyici rol oynamakta, finansal alt yapısı hazırlanmamış koruma kararları tek başına korumayı sağlayamamaktadır. Araştırma bu kapsamda korumanın ekonomik etkilerini inceleyen uluslararası araştırmaları, kullanılan yöntem, verilerin elde ediliş şekli ve verilerin değerlendirilmesi teknikleri hiyerarşisinde ele almaktadır. Araştırma kapsamı ve yöntemi çerçevesinde Türkiye’de korumanın ekonomik etkilerini Beyoğlu Galata’da 5 yapı adasından ve 214 yapıdan oluşan uygulama alanında değerlendirmektedir. Araştırma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, araştırmanın odaklandığı temel problem, araştırmanın amacı ve hedefleri tanımlanmakta, araştırmanın cevap aradığı sorular, kapsam ve izlenen yöntem hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Araştırmanın ‘‘Tarihi Yapı ve Alanlarda Koruma Politikaları ve Sorunların Tanımlanması” başlığını taşıyan ikinci bölümü ‘‘Tarihi yapıların ve alanların korunmasını etkileyen faktörler nelerdir?’’ birinci alt sorusuna odaklanmaktadır. Bu bölümde araştırma, kültürel mirasın öznel değerleri ve korumanın kavramsal gelişiminde görülen dönemsel değişimleri, uluslararası kuruluşların ve akademik çalışmaların yaklaşımları ışığında belirlemektedir. Koruma anlayışının kuramsal ve kavramsal altyapısının tanımlandığı genel çerçevede, tescil ve sit alanı ilanı ile alınan koruma kararının, tarihi yapılar, alanlar ve mülkiyet hakkına etkileri, kentleşme, küreselleşme ve ekonomik koşulların oluşturduğu dinamiklerin koruma kararları, uygulamaları ve politikalarına yansımaları incelenmekte, değerlendirilmektedir. Kamu kurumları, koruma kararları almakta ve uygulamakta birincil aktörler olmakla birlikte, koruma kararlarının uygulanmasında özel sektör, sivil toplum örgütleri ve uluslararası kuruluşlar da etkin rol üstlenmektedirler. Araştırma, “Kültürel Miras Değeri ve Koruma Kavramı Gelişim Süreci” incelemesine koruma ile ilgili uluslararası kuruluşların yaklaşımlarını esas alarak, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde uygulanan koruma politikalarını yasal, yönetsel ve finansal düzeyde incelemekte, ‘‘Tarihi Yapı ve Alanları Korumada Yasal Yönetsel Finansal Düzenlemeler’’ başlığını altında, koruma uygulamalarını tarifleyen ve kurallandıran, farklı yasal, yönetsel ve finansal düzenlemelerin yarattığı sonuçları Avrupa Birliği üye ülkelerinden Almanya, İtalya, İngiltere ve İspanya örnekleri ve Amerika Birleşik Devleti incelemesi ile değerlendirmektedir. Araştırmanın bu aşamasında cevap aranan soru; kamu, özel sektör, sivil toplum örgütleri ve uluslararası kuruluşların korumaya katılımının şekillendirildiği yasal, yönetsel ve finansal koruma düzenlemeleri ve bu düzenlemelerin yarattığı ekonomik etkilerin neler olduğudur. Türkiye’nin yanı sıra, Avrupa Birliği kurucu ülkeleri ve yeni üye ülkeler ile Amerika’da mevcut yapısal düzenlemelerin incelenmesi; kültürel mirasın taşıdığı değerlere bakış açılarının farklılıklarını ortaya koymak, uygulanan yasal ve yönetsel mekanizmaların koruma üzerindeki etkilerini anlamlandırmak, sağlanan finansal desteklerin yarattığı toplumsal, fiziksel ve ekonomik sonuçları karşılaştırmak açısından önemli bulgulara ulaşmaktadır. ‘‘Tarihi Yapı ve Alanları Korunmanın Ekonomik Etkilerini Analiz Teknikleri ve Sonuçları’’ başlığını taşıyan üçüncü bölümde, tarihsel süreç içerisinde, ekonomist bakış açısının kültürel değerler ve korumayı ele alış şekilleri, koruma uzmanlarının ekonomik verileri değerlendirmede geliştirdikleri yaklaşımlar tespit edilmektedir. ‘‘Tarihi yapıların ve korumanın ekonomik etkilerini araştırma süreci nasıl gelişmiştir?, Tarihi yapıları ve alanları korumanın ekonomik etkilerini ölçme yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin korumayı değerlendirme yeterlilikleri nelerdir?, Tarihi yapıları ve alanları korumanın fayda ve maliyetleri nelerdir?’’ alt soruları ulusal ve uluslararası araştırmalarda ulaşılan bulguların irdelenmesiyle değerlendirilmektedir. ‘‘Türkiye’de Tarihi Yapı ve Alanları Korumanın Ekonomik Etkileri Galata Örneği’’ başlığını taşıyan dördüncü bölümde, araştırma kapsamında değerlendirilen kuramsal, kavramsal, analitik ve analizsel bilgilerden faydalanılarak, İstanbul- Beyoğlu tarihi kent merkezinde, Galata Kulesi ile doğrudan bağlantılı yapı adaları gurubu içerisinde belirlenen uygulama alanında, koruma - ekonomi ilişkisi araştırılmaktadır. Dördüncü bölümün birinci alt bölümünde örneklem alanını ve kullanıcı gurubunu şekillendiren tarihsel değişim ve gelişim süreci yasal, yönetsel ve finansal düzenlemeler kapsamında tanımlanmaktadır. Alanın mevcut sosyal ve fiziksel dokusunu baskı altına alan, koruma, yapısal yenileme ve fonksiyonel değişim sürecini yaratan etkiler ve yansımaları, kullanılan açık uçlu soru gruplarından oluşturulan sorgulama föyü ve gözlemsel alan incelemesine dayanan karma veri toplama teknikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dördüncü bölümün ikinci alt bölümünde, Galata’da korumanın ekonomik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle, uygulama alanında yapılacak koruma çalışmalarının yaratacağı yatırım ve kazanım dengesinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmak üzere, Türkiye’de bina inşaat maliyeti tahmini verilerini üreten kurumlar ve kullanılan maliyet belirleme kriterleri ve yöntemleri incelenmektedir. Çalışma alanında özgün konut kullanımı süren ve restorasyona gereksinim duyduğu belirlenen 20 adet tescilli yapının orjinal konut kullanımının sürmesini amaçlayarak; yapıları onarmak (restorasyon) ve aynı parselde aynı kontur ve gabaride yeni yapı yapmak ile elde edilen ekonomik etkiler, yatırım/kazanım, iş gücü sayısı ve gelir yaratımına yönelik ekonomik sonuçlar fayda maliyet analizi ile değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmanın izlediği yöntem sayesinde; kültürel miras konut stoğunun korunmasının kent, bölge ve ülke ekonomisine yapacağı ekonomik katkı tanımlanarak, tarihi yapıları ve alanları turizm ve sosyo kültürel fonksiyonlar dışında, orijinal konut fonksiyonu ile korumanın verimliliği açıklanmakta, Türkiye’de korumanın yasal, yönetsel, finansal koşullarla oluşturulan ekonomik gücü, ampirik verilerle somutlaştırılmaktadır.
The problems of physical degradation caused by globalization and urbanization on historic city centers; the changes on social pattern and the decrease on the ability of economic competitiveness of historic buildings focus on the approaches aiming to ensure to re-utilize and make them livable buildings or areas. Policies produced in the context of sustainable development anticipate the existing physical and social pattern as an integrated issue and aim at the provision of the physical upgrading with the improvement of public-private partnerships and community participation. The process of dilapidation on the historic structures and areas in Turkey has tried to overcome by reviving and developing the tourism industry in 1990’s and by urban renewal and urban transformation projects during the 2000 s. On the other hand, it has been monitored that both of the contexts intended economic development as a priority by moving away from “the conservation on the physical and social structure” goal. This research aims to define the economic effects of cultural heritage conservation in Turkey and advocates the issue of protection of historical buildings and areas together with their original residential functions will provide the physical and social protection as well as economic development. The economic analysis of cultural heritage protection generally focused on two main problems: • Identification of the economic value of cultural heritage • Identification of the economic impacts of protecting the cultural heritage in their environment This paper focuses on the implications of the second problem and determines the changes cultural heritage conservation activities would create on the economic indicators of the urban environment. In this context the aim of the study is to determine the economic impacts provided by the conservation of historic buildings with their original housing functions. For this purpose, the basic objective of the research is to identify the changes that will be created on the economic indicators to find out an answer to: • What are the economic impacts of protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the factors that affect the protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the costs and benefits of protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the legal, administrative and financial arrangements/regulations for protection and restoration of the historic buildings and areas? What are the economic effects of these regulations? • What methods are used for measuring economic impacts of the protection and conservation of historic buildings and conservation areas? Are these methods adequate? • Can protection of historic buildings and areas be a sustainable way of economic development of the urban environment? The sub-questions given here form the framework of the research. The phase of implementation in the decision of conservation is the phase where conservation and economy are in-line of mutual interaction. The effectiveness of economic conditions of conservation emphasizes the need of conservation and economic aspects to be taken into account together for the development and the applicability of the concept of conservation today. Determination of the economic impacts of conservation investment plays a significant role in the decision of implementation, and the decisions without financial assessment alone can not provide conservation orders. In this context, the economic effects of the conservation in international researches, the methods used, the techniques of obtaining and assessing data are discussion hierarchy topics in the research. The sampling of 216 buildings of five blocks in Galata-Beyoğlu are evaluated within the scope and method of the research to develop an assessment for Turkey. The research consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the main focus of the research problem, aims and objectives of the research are identified; the information related to the answers of the research questions, the scope and the methodology are provided. The second chapter entitled as “Defining Policies and Problems of Historical Building and Conservation Areas” focuses on “What are the factors that affect the conservation of historic buildings and areas?”, the first sub-question of the research. In this chapter, the research determines the conceptual development and conservation of cultural heritage under the periodic changes and the subjective values, with the light of approaches of international organizations and academic studies. In the general framework where theoretical and conceptual background of understanding conservation defined, the effects of the registration and conservation decision on historic buildings, areas and property rights; the dynamics created by urbanization, globalization and economic conditions are are examined and evaluated with the proclamation of conservation orders. Although public institutions are the primary actors of conservation on decision making and implemention; private sector, civil society and international organizations undertake an active role as well in the implementation process of conservation decisions. The research investigates the conservation policies applied in developed and developing countries on legislative, administrative and financial level; and examines the roles of private sector civil society organizations and international organizations in this context. The chapter, entitled as Legal, Administrative and Financial Framework of Conservation in Historic Buildings and Areas”, evaluates the consequences of different legal, administrative and financial regulations describing and regulating conservation practices in, and European Union member countries of Germany, Italy, England and Spain and cases of United States. The question to be answered at this stage of the research is to find out what legal, administrative and financial conservation arrangements are shaping the participation of public and private sector, civil society organizations and international organizations; and what the economic impacts are of these arrangements. Examining the existing structural arrangements in, the founding countries as well as with new member states of the European Union, and America will bring significant findings in terms of social, physical and economic aspects to demonstrate the differences of perspectives in the sense of the impact of legal and administrative mechanisms of conservation and the value of cultural heritage for the comparisons of results. In the third chapter entitled as Analysis Methods and Findings of Economic Impacts of Conservation in Historic Buildings (Areas) , different forms of conservation with an economist point of view of handling cultural values and conservation are determined in the historical process; and the approaches developed by conservation experts to evaluate economic data are identified. The sub-questions of “ how the assessment process of economic impacts and the conservation of historic buildings have been developed?”, “what are the methods of the economic impact measurements of historic building/area conservation and the capability of these methods to assess the conservation qualifications?” and “what are the costs and benefits of historic buildings/areas conservation?” are examined through the findings of national and international researches. In the fourth chapter entitled as “Economic Effects of Conservation in Historic Buildings and Areas The Case of Galata-Turkey”, the conservation-economy relationship is investigated under the light of theoretical, conceptual and analytical information utilized in the research for the historical city center of Istanbul-Beyoglu, in the application-case study area of the identified building blocks linked to the Galata Tower directly. In the first sub-section of the fourth chapter, the research investigates the conservation policies epplied in Turkey in the second sub-section of the fourth chapter the process of historical change and development are defined within the scope of legal, administrative and financial arrangements shaping user groups and the case study area. The effects suppressing the existing social and physical pattern; and their reflections creating conservation, building regeneration and building new structure in the area, are assessed by using a mixed-data collection technique with open-ended questions through the questionnaire and the observations in the site analysis. The second sub-section of the fourth chapter, the assessment of economic impacts in conservation is aimed to be evaluated in the case study area. In this context, the institutions producing data and methods of the estimated construction costs and criteria in Turkey are examined primarily to identify the balance of investment and return of the conservation efforts in the case study area. Aiming with existing residential use to be maintain and the need to have physical intervention, 20 listed buildings are evaluated with impact analysis and cost-benefit comparisons in the in the study area under three different intervention approaches like repairing structures (restoration) and to have a new structure as in the same parcel, with the same contour, moldings and same floor space index, to determine economic impacts, investment/return, economic consequences such as the number of workforce and generation of income. Research method is formed by five-steps. The first step of the method is the detection of the analytical and observational data obtained from face-to-face meetings and the answers of hypothetical questions in the site, directly affected by the economic contribution of the two groups, physical spatial-structural data for the area and living area defined user group. The second step of the method is created to the choice of cost allocation model which is one of the important decisions of the research method. Cost allocation method used within the scope of the research has been decided by analyzing the criteria such as method of each institution; conservation related legal frameworks, data groups, data acquisition and evaluation processes. The third step of the method aims to respond the question of “what are the benefits and costs of conservation?” and tests the preference level to invest for conservation of public and private sector investors who are directly affected by the economic contribution provided to conservation with cost-benefit analysis. The fourth step of the method; in the scope of the question of “can conservation of historic buildings/areas be an effective way of sustainable economic development?” describes the process of economic impact analysis. In this context, the criteria and methods based on the data obtained from the second stage of the economic impact analysis and economic indicators is applied in order to evaluate the changes in the number of labor and household income generated. In the fifth and the final step of the method of economic efficiency analysis and the investment ratio to take back the costs are analyzed for the investments of public and private sectors. The economic return of conservation in the existing residential stock of cultural heritage is defined to clarify the contribution to urban, regional and national economy and the efficiency of conservation for the areas other than tourism and socio-cultural functions, in other words, conservation with the present residential function has been put forward concretely with empirical data in Turkey under its legal, administrative and financial conditions with the research method followed here.
The problems of physical degradation caused by globalization and urbanization on historic city centers; the changes on social pattern and the decrease on the ability of economic competitiveness of historic buildings focus on the approaches aiming to ensure to re-utilize and make them livable buildings or areas. Policies produced in the context of sustainable development anticipate the existing physical and social pattern as an integrated issue and aim at the provision of the physical upgrading with the improvement of public-private partnerships and community participation. The process of dilapidation on the historic structures and areas in Turkey has tried to overcome by reviving and developing the tourism industry in 1990’s and by urban renewal and urban transformation projects during the 2000 s. On the other hand, it has been monitored that both of the contexts intended economic development as a priority by moving away from “the conservation on the physical and social structure” goal. This research aims to define the economic effects of cultural heritage conservation in Turkey and advocates the issue of protection of historical buildings and areas together with their original residential functions will provide the physical and social protection as well as economic development. The economic analysis of cultural heritage protection generally focused on two main problems: • Identification of the economic value of cultural heritage • Identification of the economic impacts of protecting the cultural heritage in their environment This paper focuses on the implications of the second problem and determines the changes cultural heritage conservation activities would create on the economic indicators of the urban environment. In this context the aim of the study is to determine the economic impacts provided by the conservation of historic buildings with their original housing functions. For this purpose, the basic objective of the research is to identify the changes that will be created on the economic indicators to find out an answer to: • What are the economic impacts of protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the factors that affect the protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the costs and benefits of protection and conservation of the historic buildings and historic areas? • What are the legal, administrative and financial arrangements/regulations for protection and restoration of the historic buildings and areas? What are the economic effects of these regulations? • What methods are used for measuring economic impacts of the protection and conservation of historic buildings and conservation areas? Are these methods adequate? • Can protection of historic buildings and areas be a sustainable way of economic development of the urban environment? The sub-questions given here form the framework of the research. The phase of implementation in the decision of conservation is the phase where conservation and economy are in-line of mutual interaction. The effectiveness of economic conditions of conservation emphasizes the need of conservation and economic aspects to be taken into account together for the development and the applicability of the concept of conservation today. Determination of the economic impacts of conservation investment plays a significant role in the decision of implementation, and the decisions without financial assessment alone can not provide conservation orders. In this context, the economic effects of the conservation in international researches, the methods used, the techniques of obtaining and assessing data are discussion hierarchy topics in the research. The sampling of 216 buildings of five blocks in Galata-Beyoğlu are evaluated within the scope and method of the research to develop an assessment for Turkey. The research consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the main focus of the research problem, aims and objectives of the research are identified; the information related to the answers of the research questions, the scope and the methodology are provided. The second chapter entitled as “Defining Policies and Problems of Historical Building and Conservation Areas” focuses on “What are the factors that affect the conservation of historic buildings and areas?”, the first sub-question of the research. In this chapter, the research determines the conceptual development and conservation of cultural heritage under the periodic changes and the subjective values, with the light of approaches of international organizations and academic studies. In the general framework where theoretical and conceptual background of understanding conservation defined, the effects of the registration and conservation decision on historic buildings, areas and property rights; the dynamics created by urbanization, globalization and economic conditions are are examined and evaluated with the proclamation of conservation orders. Although public institutions are the primary actors of conservation on decision making and implemention; private sector, civil society and international organizations undertake an active role as well in the implementation process of conservation decisions. The research investigates the conservation policies applied in developed and developing countries on legislative, administrative and financial level; and examines the roles of private sector civil society organizations and international organizations in this context. The chapter, entitled as Legal, Administrative and Financial Framework of Conservation in Historic Buildings and Areas”, evaluates the consequences of different legal, administrative and financial regulations describing and regulating conservation practices in, and European Union member countries of Germany, Italy, England and Spain and cases of United States. The question to be answered at this stage of the research is to find out what legal, administrative and financial conservation arrangements are shaping the participation of public and private sector, civil society organizations and international organizations; and what the economic impacts are of these arrangements. Examining the existing structural arrangements in, the founding countries as well as with new member states of the European Union, and America will bring significant findings in terms of social, physical and economic aspects to demonstrate the differences of perspectives in the sense of the impact of legal and administrative mechanisms of conservation and the value of cultural heritage for the comparisons of results. In the third chapter entitled as Analysis Methods and Findings of Economic Impacts of Conservation in Historic Buildings (Areas) , different forms of conservation with an economist point of view of handling cultural values and conservation are determined in the historical process; and the approaches developed by conservation experts to evaluate economic data are identified. The sub-questions of “ how the assessment process of economic impacts and the conservation of historic buildings have been developed?”, “what are the methods of the economic impact measurements of historic building/area conservation and the capability of these methods to assess the conservation qualifications?” and “what are the costs and benefits of historic buildings/areas conservation?” are examined through the findings of national and international researches. In the fourth chapter entitled as “Economic Effects of Conservation in Historic Buildings and Areas The Case of Galata-Turkey”, the conservation-economy relationship is investigated under the light of theoretical, conceptual and analytical information utilized in the research for the historical city center of Istanbul-Beyoglu, in the application-case study area of the identified building blocks linked to the Galata Tower directly. In the first sub-section of the fourth chapter, the research investigates the conservation policies epplied in Turkey in the second sub-section of the fourth chapter the process of historical change and development are defined within the scope of legal, administrative and financial arrangements shaping user groups and the case study area. The effects suppressing the existing social and physical pattern; and their reflections creating conservation, building regeneration and building new structure in the area, are assessed by using a mixed-data collection technique with open-ended questions through the questionnaire and the observations in the site analysis. The second sub-section of the fourth chapter, the assessment of economic impacts in conservation is aimed to be evaluated in the case study area. In this context, the institutions producing data and methods of the estimated construction costs and criteria in Turkey are examined primarily to identify the balance of investment and return of the conservation efforts in the case study area. Aiming with existing residential use to be maintain and the need to have physical intervention, 20 listed buildings are evaluated with impact analysis and cost-benefit comparisons in the in the study area under three different intervention approaches like repairing structures (restoration) and to have a new structure as in the same parcel, with the same contour, moldings and same floor space index, to determine economic impacts, investment/return, economic consequences such as the number of workforce and generation of income. Research method is formed by five-steps. The first step of the method is the detection of the analytical and observational data obtained from face-to-face meetings and the answers of hypothetical questions in the site, directly affected by the economic contribution of the two groups, physical spatial-structural data for the area and living area defined user group. The second step of the method is created to the choice of cost allocation model which is one of the important decisions of the research method. Cost allocation method used within the scope of the research has been decided by analyzing the criteria such as method of each institution; conservation related legal frameworks, data groups, data acquisition and evaluation processes. The third step of the method aims to respond the question of “what are the benefits and costs of conservation?” and tests the preference level to invest for conservation of public and private sector investors who are directly affected by the economic contribution provided to conservation with cost-benefit analysis. The fourth step of the method; in the scope of the question of “can conservation of historic buildings/areas be an effective way of sustainable economic development?” describes the process of economic impact analysis. In this context, the criteria and methods based on the data obtained from the second stage of the economic impact analysis and economic indicators is applied in order to evaluate the changes in the number of labor and household income generated. In the fifth and the final step of the method of economic efficiency analysis and the investment ratio to take back the costs are analyzed for the investments of public and private sectors. The economic return of conservation in the existing residential stock of cultural heritage is defined to clarify the contribution to urban, regional and national economy and the efficiency of conservation for the areas other than tourism and socio-cultural functions, in other words, conservation with the present residential function has been put forward concretely with empirical data in Turkey under its legal, administrative and financial conditions with the research method followed here.
Açıklama
Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012
Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012
Konusu
kültürel miras, kentsel koruma, kamu politikaları, ekonomik analiz, ekonomik değerlendirme, cultural heritage, urban conservation, public policies, economic analyses, economic evaluation
