Konut tasarımında kullanıcı ve mekan performansına dayalı-uygun üretim teknolojisinin saptanmasında kullanılabilecek bir model

Abstract

Planlama-tasarım-yapım-kullanım süreçlerinin sürekliliği ve tek boyutlu yaklaşımlar yerine bütünleşik kuram ve tekniklerin uygunluğu görüşünden yola çıkılarak konut tasarımında kullanıcı ve mekan Performansına dayalı Uygun konut üretim teknolojisi saptanmasında kullanılabilecek bir model oluşturan tez çalışması 5 bölümden oluşmaktadır. 1. Bölümde tez çalışmasının temel amacı, bina tasarımı ile yapı - yapım planlaması arasıdaki kopukluğun giderilerek kullanıcı ve mekan performansına dayalı bir bütünleşik yaklaşımın ortaya konulması olarak belirlenmektedir. Bunu izleyen bölümde konunun temel birleşenleri olan konut tasannu süreci ve üretim teknolojisi ayrı ayrı ele alınıp incelenmektedir. 3. Bölümde ise tez problematiğinin ölçek, içerik ve süreç birleşenleri irdelenmekte ve çok boyutlu bir ilişki matrisi oluşturacak şekilde somutlaştırılmaktadır. 4. Bölümde de yapılan sistematik çözümlemelerle sonuçlandırılan tez sorunsalını yönelik olarak holistik bir model geliştirilmektedir. Bu modelin oluşturulması için önce ulaşılması istenen erekler belirlenmekte ve böyle bir nedensellik bağlanımda geliştirilen tasarım aracının nitelikleri saptanmaktadır. Modeli oluşturan 4 alt bölümden oluşan modeller ayrıntıları ile ele alınıp incelenmekte ve ortaya çıkan sorunlar örneklerle çözümlenmektedir. Tezin amaçlarının ne ölçüde gerçekleştiğinin irdelenmesi ve varılan sonuçların tartışması ise 5 bölümde yer almaktadır.

The aim of this study is to develop a model for establishing a suitable housing construction technology, depending on user and spatial performance in dweling design. Since the integral theories and techniques, are more appropriate than single dimensional solutions, the model is based on a multidimentional frame work which considers the continuity among planning, design, construction processes. The Ph. D. Thesis consists of five chapters. Section 1 explores the aims and objectives of this study "to eliminate discontinuities between building design and construction, and to develop an integrative approach depending on user and space performance". Section 2 deals with the housing construction processes housing production and technologies which are the basic gradients of the subject. The Housing Design Models are generally classified as; * Housing design models as a rational process * Housing design models as an argumentative process * Housing design models as a learning process * Housing design models as formation hypothesis and testing process This section introduces the constrution technology as a concept, and explores the following classification with regard to the construction technologies: * Construction technologies in relation with improvemental level * Construction technologies in relation with applicability * Construction technologies in relation with inputs The methods aiming to find a conscious solution to the problem of establishing construction techniques are evaluated under three different headings: * The methods depending upon cost * The methods depending upon theory of benefit * The methods depending upon multi-criteria analysis Vll în this section the subject matter was introduced within a systematic approach for establishing an important database to systemize the field and scope of the study. Section 3 deals with the housing design - construction technology interaction system. Within this, context the scale of the problem is handled in two different sub-headings. * Coverage of the problem * Scope of the problem The coverage of the problem gives the system hierarchy in which the building takes place and the system nodes which are to be handled in this extent. The coverage levels in which the problem handled in this study are: * Building * Space * Building / constructional component * Building element * Building materaials The scope of the problem describes the qualities in which the problem would be considered at the certain building and sub building system levels. Within that context, the qualities may be given as: * Wishes * Limitations * Requirements * Means and objectives * Performances While the content of the problem may be handled under two different headings: * The conditions of the problem * Functional view of the problem The conditions defining the construction technologies of building, space and sub buildings systems may be summarized as: * Physical * Psychological VXll * Social * Economic * Technologic * Legal * Cultural etc. The conditions except for Technological ones are excluded and an explanation that may describe all housing construction technologies is given as the followings. * Lower shell (foundation + basement) * Side shell (elevations) * Upper shell (roof etc.) * Horizontal partition (floors - ceilings) * Vertical partition (internal walls) * Equipment (lifts, furnishing) * Installation (piping, heating,cooking etc) * Outside works (landscaping etc) These sub-system elements and their sub-functions may be determined using proper construction technologies by obtaining the decisions with regard to * Product ?Site * Process On the other hand, the functions of a building may be given as; * Usefulness * Durability * Beauty, aesthetics The function of buildings particularly of dwellings houses are determined by the spaces and the performance characteristics of the persons living them. The functions of usefulness are evaluated considering: * Metabolic * Physiological * Behavioral processes. A series of metabolic processes and anatomical and physiological changes occor depending on the qualitative and quantitative properties of activities within the human-environment interaction system. IX The function of appropriateness to the physiological processes are handled in the sub-headings namely, * Anthropomethrical appropriateness * Ergonomic appropriateness. While Anthropomethrical appropriateness is divided into two: * Static Anthropomethrical issues. * Dynamic Anthropomethrical issues. The ergonomic appropriateness measures as a sub-function of the housing environment are: * Provision of performance * Provision of physiological comfort * Prevention of psychological discomforts. The appropriateness to the behavioral processes are evaluated under 4 sub headings: * Privacy * Personal space * Territorality * Defensible space The inputs, strategy, structure and output characteristics of housing design process are determined by the process dimension of the problem. Theprocers dimension is therefore constituted by * Decision process * The actors taking place in the process While decision process is constituted by * Estimation process * Evaluation process * Determination of decision criterion. This section examines scale, content and process components of the problem given in the study to form a relation matrix and each dimension is explained along with its components. In the fourth section a holistic model was developed by systematic analysis The objectives for this model may be summarized as follows: * Eliminating the discontinuance between the building design and construction planning which is a vital problem faced in housing and dwelling. * Concretizing a functional framework for an integral structure of human-, space- and building performances. * Developing an approach to improve an exclusive and appropriate technology to design an exclusive housing. * Importing a systematical point of view to data collection and processing * Determining the decisions to be made at different stages of housing design and relationships between the actors who are effective in those decisions * Forming an open and inspectable decision mechanism which could provide to use of subjective and abstract factors as concrete considerations. The holistic model which has been developed in order to obtain these objectives consists of 4 sub-models: * Hypothetical housing conceptual model * Housing system model * Morphological housing construction technology model * Appropriate housing technology decision model These sub-models which constitute an holistic model have been evaluated in detail and concretized by examples of problems which may be caused due to this. In the 5th and last section, it has been discussed as to what extent the objectives of the study have been realized and the conclusions are reviewed.