Türk Halk Oyunlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi

Abstract

Yaptığımız çalışma, ilk insanlardan günümüze kadar, insanların sosyal münasebetleri neticesinde oluşan, bugün yaşadığımız dünyada milletlerin kültür zenginliklerinin ve halk sanatının en canlı örneklerinden birini teşkil eden halk oyunlarını tarihsel süreçte etkileyen sebepleri ve gelişimini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma dokuz bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde oyun kavramı ve halk oyunları hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra ikinci bölümde mitolojik açıdan halk oyunları, üçüncü bölümde törenler, dördüncü bölümde din ve dinin oyunlar üzerindeki tesirleri, beşinci bölümde dini oyunlar, altıncı bölümde iklim ve coğrafi koşulların oyunlara tesiri, yedinci bölümde kültür etkileşimi, sekizinci bölümde sosyo-ekonomik değişimin oyunlar üzerindeki etkisi ve nihayet dokuzuncu bölümde de Cumhuriyet sonrası halk oyunlarının gelişimi incelenmiştir.

In this study, we amied to put forward the progress of folk dance in historical period and the factors which affected it. The elements which make up culture may change by some reason in decades. History is a kind of sciencetific disipline which is interested with transformation and progress of social life of nations. In this work, we studied the progress of Turkish folk dance in historical period. Folk dance is a significiant part of cultural heritage of nations. Folk dance reflects the characteristics of nation from which it originated. Folk dance has completely different functions on people life today in comparison it's very begining. The dominant factor on folk dance is the way of life of communities Other factors which also affect folk dance are cultural interactions, socio- economical parameters, geographical conditions, religion and political regime. While folk dance was a part of life, today, it became an art. Recently, scientific researches done by some universities and colleges gave big cantribution to folk dance. This study consist of nine chapters.In chapter one, fucosing on the word "OYUN" we came to a conclusion that it has different meaning in Turkish. Folk dance which is one of the meaning of "OYUN" is studied by means of progress in social life of community. In chapter two, Turkish folk dance is studied in respect to mithology Some phenomenon in Turkish folk dance which their meaning are hard to understand are tried to explain by mithological materials. In this chapter we investigated the legends in Turkish mithology. Then influences of the four holy believes animal, soil, fire and tree namely on Turkish folk dance are determined. In chapter three, ceremonies are studied. The events influenced the nations such as eartquake, floading, war, harvesting, hunting period from the begining till today in historical led people to ceremonies. Thus, folk dance appeared in ceremonies. Although the way celebrating of ceremony is different today the main idea remanied the same. In chapter four, the influences of religion on folk dance are studied. Religion always affected everything in social life of nations. Because of this reason, the influences of religion on social life and folk dance are studied. The religion issue are studied in two stage, before and after İslâm, in first stage, the influences of life style originating from the religions that Turks had before İslâm, on folk dance are studied. In the second, transformation of folk dance are studied together with transformation in life style of Turks after İslâm.Mil In chapter five, what we call is, religious dances, semâ and semahlar, resulting from İslâm, are studied. In this study we determined that the religious dances in Anatolia can be categorised into two groups. The first is semahlar which belong to Alevi and Kızılbaş communities, the latter is Semâ in Mevlevi mysticisim. Semâ and Semahlar appeared after Turks became muslim and formed by Turkish-islamic synthesis. Those dances are both a way of praying and dances which have a certain music, rythim and figures. In chapter six, the effects of geological conditions on folk dance are investigated. Climate and geological conditions are very important factors which make up nations life styles and standarts. Naturally these factors have determining features on folk dance we tried to set these determining features. In chapter eleven, the effects of cultural interactions on folk dance are investigated. Both neighboring states of same nations and neighboring nations interacted each others cultural life. But this interactions are not creative but richness. In Anatolia, our several folk dances are a synthesis of those came from middle asia and those that were present in Anatolia before Turkish immigration.IX In chapter eight, the influences of transformation of socio-economic on folk dance are studied. It is investigated how folk dance affected by both economic transformation and technological progress. Cultural interaction become very fast today because of huge advances in cominication technology. In chapter nine, after the revolation in 1923 the progress of folk dance are studied. After revolation, actions for folk dance arranged by some organisations, are studied. Apart from this, the effect of competetion organised for folk dance are investigated. Finally, we point out that folk dance should be supported by scientific researches.