İstanbul'un Bakırköy İlçesi'ndeki açık alan kullanımlarının irdelenmesi

Abstract

"İstanbul'un Bakırköy İlçesi'ndeki Açık Alan Kullanımlarının İrdelenmesi" konulu bu çalışmada Bakırköy'deki açık alanların miktarı ve dağılımı ile, insanların açık alanlarla olan ilişkisi ve açık alan (yeşil alan) kullanımları incelenmiştir. Çalışma altı bölümde ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümde tez çalışmasının amacı ve kapsamı üzerinde durulmuştur, ikinci bölümde, Bakırköy İlçesi'nin araştırma alam olarak seçilmesinin nedeni ve çalışmada izlenen yöntem verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, araştırma alam olan Bakırköy İlçesi'nin alansal analizi yapılarak, doğal ve sosyal-kültürel özellikleri ortaya konmuştur. Dördüncü bölümde, Bakırköy İlçesi açık alanları uygulama imar planlarında ve mevcut durumda olmak üzere incelenmiş ve İlçe'nin açık ve yeşil alan durumu belirtilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde, Bakırköy İlçesi'ndeki açık (yeşil) alan kullanımlarım ve kullanıcı-açık alan ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılan anket çalışmasının sonuçlarının analizine yer verilmiştir. Sonuçta,Bakırköy halkının açık alanların (yeşil alanların) önemi ve gerekliliği konusunda genelde bilinçli olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun yanında, farklı yaşlarda, farklı gelir ve mesleklere sahip insanların açık alan ihtiyaçları ve kullanımları da birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir. Bütün bunlar dikkate alınarak, sistemli şekilde planlanan alanlar (yeşil alanlar), İlçe için çok daha faydalı olacaktır.

There is a demand for open places for people to live as healthy individuals psychologically and physiologically, to live in content and to work productively and to answer as far as necessary the recreational needs of people like enjoying themselves, exercising and resting within the limitations of the cities. If the people living in contemporary cities under excessive stress and pressure are considered, the value and the importance of the open places increase. The title of this study is "The Examination of how the Open Places in Istanbul's district of Bakırköy are used" and the title suggests this study focuses on the amount and the dispersion of the green places in Bakırköy and people's relation with and making use of these places. In the end, when the green places are considered district wide it was found out that they are not dispersed homogeneously and they are not unified with the structure of the city. As a landscape architect who appreciates the importance and value of open places in city life, by examining the use of the open places in Bakırköy, the district where I reside and which displays similarities with the current life conditions of metropolises and which suffered one of the worst and crucial IX outcomes of unplanned development of cities which is the decreasing proportion and extinction of green areas against residence, trade, industry etc. areas, I aim to take attention to the necessity and the importance of the open places and how much people need such places within the city life. And then, the aim and the extend of this study is explained. This study has six subdivisions. In the first part which is also the introduction it is mentioned that there has always been a need for open places during the course of history but today this need is at the peak. With the pass to the city life people has destroyed the nature for the sake of a comfortable life and as its conclusion open places has become extinct against city residences and there is no more enough open places left. The other issues covered are in our country as a result of unplanned city development, migration and high birth rate open places especially in big cities like Istanbul are effected negatively and since the necessary prevention has not been taken our cities are now covered with massive concrete blocks. In the second part simply why Bakırköy was chosen and the methodology used in the study is explained. In the third part, the study ground, Bakırköy's regional analysis is carried out and the information is divided into two main subcategories, namely the natural and the socio-economical features. Thus, Bakırköy is presented in a detailed manner and the natural and the socio-economical factors effecting the open areas negatively are explained. In the fourth section, the open areas in the district of Bakırköy have been examined with regard to their positions in constraction plans and with their actual state. The state of open areas with regard to the quarters of Bakırköy and Bakırköy in general have been examined separately as the ones which take place in the costruction plans and currently existing open areas, the ones which take place in the construction plans and currently non- existing open areas, and the ones which do not take place in the construction plans but which exist currently. According to these,85% of the Bakırköy's open areas, which comprise a land of a total of 2.995.723 m2, takes place in constraction plans and exist currently and 14.5% of the open areas does not take place in the construction plans but actually exist. In addition, Bakırköy's green areas have been examined as active green areas and passive green areas with regard to quarters of Bakırköy and Bakırköy in general. Of a total of 2.668.678 m2 green areas, 1.951.419 m2 are active, 717.259 m2 are passive green areas. In Bakırköy, there exist open area of 12m2/person and there exists green area of 10.8 m2/person. In the fifth section the results of the questionnaire which was conducted at Aytekin Park, Röne Park and Kavaklık Park which all there are within the borders of Bakırköy to investigate the need for the open (green) areas and the use of them according to the differences in age, income, occupation and culture are as follows: xi - Parks are mostly used by the youth and middle aged people. - Besides the residents of Bakırköy the parks are visited by the people from neighbouring district. - Great percentage of the visitors are graduates of high school. - The biggest proportion of the visitors consists of housevifes and students. - Visitors of high socio-economic level comes to parks more frequently. - Most of the visitors reach the parks in half an hour or in less than half an hour and generally with a private car on food. - The youth prefers parks to take a walk and to enjoy themselves. The middle-aged prefers to get fresh air and to satisfy the need for nature, to take a walk and to rest. The elder prefers mostly to rest themselves. - Generally the visitors come to the parks once a week (at weekends) and at afternoon. - Most of the visitors stated that they mostly prefer Röne Park because of its scene of sea and the fresh ak coming from the sea. - Most of the visitors have been living in Istanbul for a long time. - Most of the visitors don't have a house with garden (%56). Because of this case, open and green areas are very important for these visitors in a big city life. - Generally, the visitors who have low education level comes to the parks for picnic. Whereas people who have high education level prefer parks to take a walk, to satisfy the need for nature and get fresh air. xn - Generally, the visitors of high economic level have a private car, so they comes to parks easily and in short time and then they stay in parks in long time. - Visitors mostly prefer these parks that in Bakırköy, because of nearness (%29.27), and these visitors also live in Bakırköy. - According to the results of the questionnaire which was conducted at Aytekin Kotil Park, Röne Park and Kavaklık Park which all three are within the borders of Bakırköy, the great percentage of the visitors spend their time outside the house and in open places at weekends. This case shows, need for the open area of the people who live in big cities and the importance of open (green) areas. - Generally, visitors come to the Röne Park and Kavaklı Park with their family. However visitors come to Aytekin Kotil Park with their friends. As a conclusion, it can be claimed that generally the residents of Bakırköy are aware of the importance of and the need for the open (green) areas. Besides, the need for and use of parks for people coming from different income and occupation groups and of varying ages display difference. It will be much more useful for the district if all these factors are considered for the systematic planning of open (green) areas.