Atom Transfer Ve Kararlı Serbest Radikal Polimerizasyonu İle Star Ve Star Kopolimerlerin Sentezi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Radikal polimerizasyon alanı kontrollü radikal polimerizasyon yöntemlerinin keşfiyle büyük bir patlama yapmıştır. Kontrollü mimari denilince, molekül ağırlık kontrolü, uç grup kontrolü, blok kopolimer oluşturabilme ve yaşayan karakter akla gelmektedir. Son yıllarda, iyi tanımlanmış düşük molekül ağırlığı dağılımına sahip polimerlerin sentezinde kontrollü/’yaşayan’ polimerizasyon yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler içinde en etkili olanı kararlı serbest radikal polimerizasyonu (SFRP) ve Mtn/Amin ligand kompleks kataliz sistemli atom transfer radikal polimerizasyonudur (ATRP). SFRP kararlı serbest nitroksil radikalinin, 2,2,6,6-tetrametilpiperidinil-1-oksi (TEMPO) kullanımına dayanmaktadır. Bu sistemde radikallerin TEMPO ile tersinir-ayrışma-sonlanma reaksiyonları vermesinin bir sonucu olarak polimerizasyon ortamında aktif radikal konsantrasyonunun minimumda kalması ve böylece kontrollü polimerizasyonun gerçekleştirilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. ATRP kataliz olarak kullanılan metalin (genellikle bakır tuzları, CuCl gibi) birinci yükseltgenme durumu ile ikinci yükseltgenme durumu arasındaki redoks reaksiyonuna dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, üç fonksiyonlu başlatıcı, 2-fenil-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetrametil)-1-piperidiniloksi]etil 2,2bis-[metil(2-bromopropionat)]propionat (4), sentezlenmiş ve SFRP-ATRP-ATRP polimerizasyon sırası kullanılarak Stiren (St), ter-butil akrilat (tBA) ve metil metakrilat (MMA) zincirleri içeren yıldız tipli triblok kopolimerlerin sentezi yapıldı. 1H-NMR and GPC (Jel Geçirgenlik Kromatografisi) cihazlarından alınan sonuçlar doğrultusunda elde edilen blok kopolimerlerin gerçekten de ATRP ve SFRP tekniklerinin kombinasyonu ile oluştukları belirlenmiştir.
The field of radical polymerization has exploded with the advent of controlled radical polymerization processes. Specifically, controlled architecture possesses some characteristics, which are molecular weight control, end group control, ability to form block copolymers, and living nature. Recently, the controlled/’living’ radical polymerizations processes have proven to be versatile for the synthesis of well-defined, star polymers. Among them stable free radical polymerization (SFRP) and Mtn/Ligand catalyst mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are versatile methods for the controlled radical polymerization of various monomers. SFRP is based on the use of stable nitroxide free radicals, such as 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO). In this system, the reversible termination-dissociation of the growing polymeric chain is the key step for reducing the overall concentration of the propagating radical chain end. In the absence of other reactions leading to initiation of new polymer chains (i.e., no reaction of the mediating radical with the vinylic monomer), the concentration of reactive chain ends is extremely low, minimizing irreversible termination reactions, such as combination or disproportionation. ATRP is based on reversible halogen transfer between alkyl halides and transition metals in the low oxidation state to form radicals and transition in a higher oxidation state. In the present work, dual (trifunctional) initiator, 2-phenyl-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl)-1piperidinyloxy] ethyl 2,2bis [methyl (2bromopropionato) ] propionate (4) was synthesized and used in the preparation of star styrene (St)-tet-butylacrylate (tBA)-methylmethacrylate (MMA) triblock copolymer via SFRP-ATRP-ATRP route. 1H-NMR and GPC (Gel Permeation Chromotography) studies of the obtained polymers show that block copolymers are readily formed as a result of combination of ATRP and SFRP mechanism.
The field of radical polymerization has exploded with the advent of controlled radical polymerization processes. Specifically, controlled architecture possesses some characteristics, which are molecular weight control, end group control, ability to form block copolymers, and living nature. Recently, the controlled/’living’ radical polymerizations processes have proven to be versatile for the synthesis of well-defined, star polymers. Among them stable free radical polymerization (SFRP) and Mtn/Ligand catalyst mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are versatile methods for the controlled radical polymerization of various monomers. SFRP is based on the use of stable nitroxide free radicals, such as 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO). In this system, the reversible termination-dissociation of the growing polymeric chain is the key step for reducing the overall concentration of the propagating radical chain end. In the absence of other reactions leading to initiation of new polymer chains (i.e., no reaction of the mediating radical with the vinylic monomer), the concentration of reactive chain ends is extremely low, minimizing irreversible termination reactions, such as combination or disproportionation. ATRP is based on reversible halogen transfer between alkyl halides and transition metals in the low oxidation state to form radicals and transition in a higher oxidation state. In the present work, dual (trifunctional) initiator, 2-phenyl-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl)-1piperidinyloxy] ethyl 2,2bis [methyl (2bromopropionato) ] propionate (4) was synthesized and used in the preparation of star styrene (St)-tet-butylacrylate (tBA)-methylmethacrylate (MMA) triblock copolymer via SFRP-ATRP-ATRP route. 1H-NMR and GPC (Gel Permeation Chromotography) studies of the obtained polymers show that block copolymers are readily formed as a result of combination of ATRP and SFRP mechanism.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2003
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2003
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2003
Konusu
SFRP, ATRP, Yıldız tipli triblok kopolimer, SFRP, ATRP, Star triblock copolymer
