Organik Çözücü Ve Buharında Jel Şişmesi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
item.page.authors
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Instıtute of Science and Technology
Instıtute of Science and Technology
Özet
Kimyasal ve fiziksel jellerin şişme ve çökme kinetiğini incelemek için çeşitli deneysel teknikler kullanılır. Bunların arasında nötron saçılması, quasielastik ışık saçılması, makroskopik deneyler ve interferometrik ölçümler en önemlileridir. Bu çalışmada Hızlı Zamana Bağlı Floresans (Fast Transient Fluorescence) (FTRF) teknik kullanılarak metil metakrilat (MMA) ve etilen glikol dimetakrilat (EGDM)’ ın serbest radikal zincir kopolimerizasyonu ile hazırlanan disk şeklindeki poli (metil metakrilat) (PMMA) jellerinin şişme kinetiği incelendi. Floresans probe olarak piren kullanıldı. Ölçümler şişme işlemi süresince piren (P) floresans molekülünün yaşam zamanı izlenerek yapıldı. Bu ölçümler için Strobe Master System (SMS) kullanıldı. Jel şiştikçe jelin içindeki P moleküllerinin yaşam zamanının azaldığı gözlendi. Bu azalma düşük sönüm etkisi için Stern-Volmer modeli kullanılarak incelendi. Zaman sabiti, c ve kooperatif difüzyon katsayısı, Dc Li-Tanaka denklemi kullanılarak hesaplandı. Bu tez çalışması için iki deney seti yapıldı. İlk deney setinde çapraz bağlayıcı konsantrasyonunun şişme işlemi üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Farklı çapraz bağlayıcı konsantrasyonlarında hazırlanan PMMA jeller ile yapılan şişme deneyleri kloroform buharında gerçekleştirildi. Kooperatif difüzyon katsayısı, Dc’ nin jeldeki çapraz bağlayıcı konsantrasyonunun artması ile azaldığı gözlendi. İkinci deney setinde çözücü kalitesinin şişme işlemi üzerindeki etkileri çalışıldı. Kloroform-heptandan oluşan çözücü karışımı içindeki kloroform oranının artması ile zaman sabiti, c değerlerinin azaldığı ve kooperatif difüzyon katsayısı, Dc değerlerinin arttığı gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, bu tezde Hızlı Zamana Bağlı Floresans tekniği ile çapraz bağlayıcı konsantrasyonunun ve çözücü kalitesinin şişme işlemi için önemi araştırılmıştır. Organik buhar moleküllerinin sıkı jellere gevşek jellerden daha yavaş sızdıkları ve jellerin iyi çözücü içerisinde çok daha hızlı şiştikleri anlaşılmıştır.
Several experimental techniques have been employed to study the kinetics of swelling and shrinking of chemical and physical gels among which are neutron scattering, quasielastic light scattering, macroscopic experiments and in-situ interferometric measurements. In this study Fast Transient Fluorescence (FTRF) Technique was employed for studying swelling of disc shaped poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gels, which were prepared by free radical copolymerization of methyl (methacrylate) (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Pyrene (P) was introduced as a fluorescense probe during polymerization. Decay curves of pyrene were measured during in-situ swelling experiments using Strobe Master System (SMS). Exponential fits were performed to measure pyrene lifetimes. It was observed that lifetimes of P in the gel decreased as swelling is proceeded which can be modelled by the using low quenching Stern-Volmer equation. Li-Tanaka equation was used to determine the time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc. In this work two different sets of experiments were carried out. In the first set the effect of crooslinker contents on swelling of gels was studied. Swelling experiments were performed by using P doped PMMA gels under chloroform vapor. It is observed that Dc values decrease as the crosslinker content is increased. In the second set, the effect of solvent quality on swelling of gels was studied. Various percents of chloroform in chloroform-heptane mixtures were used as a swelling agent. The time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc were found to be decreased and increased respectively by increasing chloroform content in the solvent mixtures. In summary in this thesis we showed that FTRF technique can be used to measure time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc. It is understood that organic vapor molecules penetrate much slower into the densely formed gels than loosely formed gels. It is also understood that solvents of poor solution quality penetrates the gel much more slowly than solvent of good solution quality. Gels swell much faster and to a larger extent in high quality solvents (high chloroform content) than in bad quality solvents (high heptane content).
Several experimental techniques have been employed to study the kinetics of swelling and shrinking of chemical and physical gels among which are neutron scattering, quasielastic light scattering, macroscopic experiments and in-situ interferometric measurements. In this study Fast Transient Fluorescence (FTRF) Technique was employed for studying swelling of disc shaped poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gels, which were prepared by free radical copolymerization of methyl (methacrylate) (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Pyrene (P) was introduced as a fluorescense probe during polymerization. Decay curves of pyrene were measured during in-situ swelling experiments using Strobe Master System (SMS). Exponential fits were performed to measure pyrene lifetimes. It was observed that lifetimes of P in the gel decreased as swelling is proceeded which can be modelled by the using low quenching Stern-Volmer equation. Li-Tanaka equation was used to determine the time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc. In this work two different sets of experiments were carried out. In the first set the effect of crooslinker contents on swelling of gels was studied. Swelling experiments were performed by using P doped PMMA gels under chloroform vapor. It is observed that Dc values decrease as the crosslinker content is increased. In the second set, the effect of solvent quality on swelling of gels was studied. Various percents of chloroform in chloroform-heptane mixtures were used as a swelling agent. The time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc were found to be decreased and increased respectively by increasing chloroform content in the solvent mixtures. In summary in this thesis we showed that FTRF technique can be used to measure time constants, c and cooperative diffusion coefficients, Dc. It is understood that organic vapor molecules penetrate much slower into the densely formed gels than loosely formed gels. It is also understood that solvents of poor solution quality penetrates the gel much more slowly than solvent of good solution quality. Gels swell much faster and to a larger extent in high quality solvents (high chloroform content) than in bad quality solvents (high heptane content).
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1998
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1998
Konusu
Şişme, Polimerik Jel, Hızlı Zamana Bağlı Floresans, Swelling, Polymeric Gel, Fast Transient Fluorescence
