Örgütsel gerilim kaynakları

Abstract

"Gerilim insan vücudunun herhangi bir isteme gönderilen özgün olmayan (yani genel) tepkisi" (Silye, 1974) olarak tanımlanabilir. İstemlerin sonsuz nitelik ve nicelik, bunları karşılamada kullanılan girdilerin ise sınırlı olduğu bir çevrede, kaynaklar v ile istemler arasındaki denge insan faktörü tarafından kurulur. Araştırmaya konu banka sektörü ise, faaliyeti gereği ülmemizde kıt bir kaynak olan sermeye faktörünü temel uğraş edinmiştir. Sözkonusu sektör çalışanlarını gerilime iten değişkenlerin (stresör) saptanmasına çalışılmıştır. Kullanılan ve bilgi işlem- safhasına girdi veren anket formu, iş ve iş stresini etkileyen faktörlerin analizine yöneliktir. Araştırma, banka sektörü çalışanlarının işi belirleyici maddi faktörler kadar, alt elemanları kavramsal boyuta sahip manevi faktörlerin de iş stresinin ortaya çıkmasında etken olduğunu otaya koymaktadır. Sözkonusu maddi ve maddi olmayan iş tanımlayıcıları ve stresörler (stres kaynakları) etki derecelerine ve anlamlık derecelerine göre sıralanmışlardır. Bu yalla etki ve anlamlılık dereceleri ışığında elde edilen sonuçlar SJJerlendlrmeye alınmış, bu doğrultuda bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

People in industrialized and semi- industrialized countries tried to conform themselves to changes resulting from the quick development and to subject themselves to changing dynamics. Societies that stamped our age are those conforming their economic structures to the ever changing dynamics. So institutions of modern societies are in the front in conforming the above mentioned changes. Meanwhile the traditional Structures of societies have been put under pressure. At the same time, individuals had to sacrifice their own psychological and even physical structures. Naturally, this concession affected the management and decision- taking institutions who are representative of that society. Thus the institutions in general and individually employees working for that institution are negatively affected psychologically and physically. So the concept named "workplace stress" has born as a current problem. Stress is something different from anxiety, frustration, state of conflict and worry. These negative emotions are short-termed and have a weak effect on the person. Stress, on the other hand, is a condition that disturbing the physical and psychological balance of a manager causing long-term sickness. Stress can have various signs to be observed. While physical symptoms disturb the body's regular mechanism, psychological signs shows the confusion in functioning in the mind and behavioural changes distort the role functions in the social life. Stress indirectly is a threat' to the human health. -vi- According to our research, it has been found that the value given to comfort and aireness in worklace are increasing as the level of income raises. Airiness and comfort variations are the material aspects of workplace. Temparature, lightining, air conditioning, space comfort are the other variations. The sensitivity towards the level of income is directly proportional with the socio-economic level. Employees working in the sector thint that there are more oppurtunities for those who have more education. By the way, it is not wrong to say that male workers compared with female employees are more afraid of loosing their job. Those that are less educated are in need of respect and being accepted are reversely proportional with the socio-economic group. Need of being respected and accepted increase as we step down towards the workers in the lower levels. Those in the lower ranks can not understand the ork done as a whole and they feel that their work is more monotonous than in the upper levels. Workers in the banking sectors are generally complainant of unnecessary tasks and of bureaucracy in the workplace. Also those having less ranks are generally complaining of having less authority. But this is a result expected from a sector based on automation. As the level of income of those work in the banking sector raises, the success in balancing the private life and working life decreases. After the research, we have found that those in banking sector are more open to workplace stress. In the banking sector, even the variations causing excessive negative stressare in their lowest level the stress mark over 100 is 80. -vii- It has been found that the main stress sources in the banking sector are, -Position and rank of employee, -The education level necessary for the tasks, -Age of worker, -Supervision level, -Need of being respected and accepted, -Quantity of taskconsidered unnecassary (bureaucracy), -Load of work and tempo, -Level of wages, -Justice in the wages, -Anxiety for correct deciding, -Being in a balanced and peaceful work atmosphere, By the way, the above mentioned factors causing stress are lined up considering their effect on the workplace stress. Excessive load of work is an important problem that workers in the banking sector should focus in decreasing the work place stress. It is necessary to abolish the unjust task and load of work among managers and workers. At the same time, the technics causing motivation to workers are to be re-arranged. In the same manner, the management norms regarding load of work in the form of open agreements should be applied. Career pressures are also among the excessive stress-forming factors. This causes the feeling of -viii- hindrance (frustration) in the workers. Thus the technics helping individuals in coping with frustration and technics towards solving the work dissatisfaction should be reconsidered. As to organizational coping with, the ranking system should be re-structered and awarding system be reconsidered. Among problems that should be considered there is pressures regarding time. For solving these problems the technics such as effectiveness of duty and task distribution, supplying sufficient and quality workpower and arrangement. of tasks can be applied. Workplace stress is an important factor causing physical changes in the individuals «subject to insufficient social support systen. The social support systems of an individual are the close friends, family, work place friends, social devotion and moral unity, congragation and societies one is devoted, social rank. As a solution to workplace stress, these social support systems should work even pkotly. Also the evalution system should be reconsidered so as to decrease the workplace stress. Especially, load of work and balance of wages among workers should be re-arranged for a just distribution. The life expenditures and level of wage shold be arranged in order to help workers. Another suggestion in relieving the workplace stress is to hoge programmes for worker and manager development. In the banking sector that automation has an important place, work distribution and expertizing is important. This hardens the integration of the individual's to the organizational complexity. So periodical and non- periodical education programmes and individuals' ix- change of place between various departments of the organization can be effective for solving this problem. The aim of developmnt programmes is to increase the management and organizational effectiveness Yet it should be known that development programmes not having educational support will not succeed. Workplace stress v is a symptoms having many variables. Thus, except the general solutions suggested here, a system of problems having solutions for the individuals and having an objective or conceptional aspect of the sub-elements should be considered within the system approach in order to achive the optimum solution methods.