Tracing the contemporary critique in design: Mapping users' critical acts on social media

Abstract

This study examines the critical videos shared by product users on TikTok, aiming to develop a deeper understanding of them and their contribution to design and users. The research emphasises the influence of these 'critical users' in daily life and design dynamics, highlighting their significance in the field of design critique. The study begins by positioning critique as a form of knowledge production that arises from doubt in the routine flow of daily life and aims for change. Design and critique primarily intersect in their shared goal of promoting social change. However, design often reproduces capitalist values rather than pursuing its fundamental goal of shaping society. Critique intervenes here, redirecting design back to its fundamental purpose and instrumentalising design actions to enact its transformative role. The study explores the differences in the operational capabilities of critique and post- critique. Post-critique, characterised by its micro-scale, absence of grand narratives, and multiplicity, allows for rapid global spread and adaptation to different local contexts. Its flexibility enhances operational capability in design practices, increasing the potential to create change and diffuse in daily life. The study provides a framework for critique in design, categorising it into four main areas: 'critique as design,' 'critique with design,' 'critique by design,' and 'critique of design.' This framework helps conceptualise how critique operates in various design contexts. The study highlights the dominance of designers and researchers in design critique but argues that users are also active and important critical actors. With the widespread adoption of social media, 'critical users' have moved their critiques online, increasing their visibility and influence. This transition has enabled user critiques to become collective and significantly impact design. Social media, particularly TikTok, provides an environment for 'critical users' to gain visibility and mobility. These platforms are not only used for entertainment but also serve as tools for political movements, allowing users to communicate and express their critiques. The study emphasises the ease of producing and consuming videos on TikTok, contributing to the rapid spread of critical thoughts. The study outlines the activities of design actors on social media and illustrates how user critiques impact real-world design dynamics. User critiques on social media compel design firms to take action, demonstrating the significant influence of these critiques.