Yedikule-Yenikapı bölgesi rekreasyon alanlarının değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

İstanbul, Türkiye'nin nüfuzca en büyük şehridir. 1990 yılı nüfus sayımı geçici sonuçlarına göre; toplam nüfus 7433585 olup en fazla nüfus artış hızına sahip şehirdir. İstanbul 5712 km2 lik alan üzerine yayılmıştır ve yoğunluğu 1301 kişi/km2 dir. İstanbul şehri doğal ve tarihi özelliklere sahip olduğu gibi Türkiye'nin ticaret ve sanayi yönünden de bir numaralı şehridir. Bunların yanında ülkenin 26 kıyı şehri içinde, en. fazla kıyı uzunluğu olan şehridir. İstanbul'un toplam kıyı uzunluğu 300 km 'dir. İstanbul'un yerleşme alanının ve nüfusunun günden güne artması şehirde dinlenme - eğlence, spor, oyun ve çocuk bahçesi gibi rekreasyon alanlarına olan gereksinimin fazlalaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu tür alanlarla, şehirde yaşayan nüfus rahat nefes alacak, spor yapacak ve dinlenecektir. Rekreasyon alanları konut alanlarında olabileceği gibi, İstanbul gibi üç tarafı denizle çevrili şehirde kıyı kesiminde de olabilir. Ancak kıyı kesimindeki kullanımların genellikle hafta sonu eylemlerine cevap verdiği düşünülürse, konut alanları içinde günlük kullanışları karşılayacak rekreasyon alanlarının bulunması zorunlu olmaktadır. Tez çalışmasının amacı İstanbul yarımadasının Marmara sahilleri kesiminde, yeşil alan, dinlenme, spor ve oyun alanlarını kapsayan donatım, tesislerinin varlığını tespit etmek, bu tür donatılar yönünden olması gerekeni göstermektir. Bu amaca uygun alanın seçiminde konut bölgelerinin ve sahil şeridinin olması düşünülmüş ve tez konusu olan alan seçilmiştir. Alanın sınırları İstanbul tarihi yarımada üzerinde, doğuda Atatürk bulvarı, batıda Yedikule-Belgrad kapı surları, kuzeyde Kocamustaf apaşa caddesi- Cerrahpaşa cad. ve Aksaray, güneyde Marmara denizinden oluşmaktadır. Bölgede yapılan araştırmalar, arazide yapılan tespitleı Tapu Sicil-Müdürlüğünde yapılan mülkiyet incelemesi ve anket çalışmalarından oluşmaktadır. Anket çalışmalarıyla halkın sosyal yapısı ve rekreasyonel alan kullanımları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Planlarda ayrılan yeşil ve rekreasyon alanları incelenmiş, halkın istek ve temayülleri gözönüne alınarak, bölgede olması gereken park, oyun alanı, çocuk bahçesi ve spor alanı gibi donatımlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

The Evaluation Of Recreational Areas Between Yedikule-Yenikapx Region SUMMARY Istanbul has the highest population. It has on area of 5712 km2. According to 1990 consensus, Istanbul's total population is 7.433.585. Density of the population of the city is 1301 person per km2. According to the results of the 1990 consensus the population of the towns in İstanbul is 6 £88. 288 and the population of villages is 545 297. In Istanbul the rate of the increase in population is. 48.15. The city of Istanbul has both historical and natural characteristics as well as being the most industralized city of Turkey. Among the 26 cities of the country it has the longest coastline. The city has a coastline of total 300 km Golden Horn coastline being 9 kms, Marmara coastline 148 kms and Şile-Kilyos coastline 53 kms. In Byzantine times, Istanbul coastline was used as picnic resorts and as ports. During the Ottoman era these coasts were used as residential areas, espesially both sides of Bosphorous were full of houses and pavillions, of the high ranking officers. Coastlines of Marmara and Golden Horn were used as beaches and entertainment areas. On the coastlines of the historical peninsula there were gardens and woods. With the proclamation of the Republic, the function of the coasts changed. Golden Horn coastline was changed into areas of light industry and handicraft. The use of the Bosphorous coast increased and land spaculation started. On the historical peninsula residential area was increased upto Yeşilköy and Bakırköy. In 1955 the constuction of the coastline road started and completed in 1956. After 1984 coast was enlargened by filling method and parks, sport centers etc. Were built in these areas. -VI- As a result of the areal researches, the usage of the area has been determined. Recreation centers are constructed in the public areas where as green are private gardens. Gardens in the area have survived since the 18. century. Although the area of the gardens has decreased. Their function has remained the same. According to 1991 Development and Housing Plan these gardens are planned to be sports and city service areas. Social researches have been realized by enquiries. The enquiry consists of 33 questions and one represents a hundred. To understand the problems and desires of the people of the area enquires have been sent to parents by means of the students of 2 elemantary and 2 high schools. By means of the ansuiers, the demographic structure of the people, how they use the areas the recreation centers that they want to have and their economical status have been determined. Most of the people who live in the ansa have families of far. In general each family has 2 children. Most of the children are betweenthe aş& ofl3-17. Most Df the families earn their living by free trade which is...closely related to their social - economical structure and they are over the middle class. When we examine the residential areas, we see that most of the building are 5. floored and concrete and they have very small gardens if they do. In the evaluation of the recreation and green areas the lack of trees has been determined. In the residential area there are only 2 parks and 2 play grounds ^or children. These can not supply the needs. On the other hand in the recreation areas on the coast there are too many play grounds for children where as sports fields and green areas are less the necessary almost non. In the answers about the activities of families it has been braught out that the parents stay at home at the week-ends. if they do sports they prefer walking swimming and athletism. -vii- The increase in the density of the population increases the need for entertainment, sport and play areas and parks in Istanbul. By means of these areas people who live in this city will breathe, do sports and rest. It is thought that these recreation centers will supply the daily needs of the people who live both in those regions and out of those regions. The subject of the thesis is to see whether the recreation areas in Istanbul are enough or not. The target of the thesis is to determine the green areas, sport fields, parks etc and bring out the necessary things. The area which is the subject of this thesis is chosen according to the target, between the residential areas on the coastline. The boarders of this area are Atatürk Haulvard in the east. Yedikule Belgradkapi walls in the west, Kocamustaf apaşa Ave. Cerrahpaşa Ave. Aksaray in the north and the Marmara Sea in the south. The residential areas in the region are dense. The present recreation areas have been examined in the thesis. The work done in the region consists of theoretical knowladge and areal investigation. By means of the investigations, the size of the green areas, recreation centers, the desire and the trends of the public have been braught out. The physical structure of the area has been determined by the works done in the area and in the deed office. As a result of the analitic researches, the functions of the area, buildings, the use age of the area, proptictorship, the rate of the usage of the priventa and public areas, kindi of buldings, heights of buildings have been determinies. During these researches it is seen that although the public areas are much bigger than private areas, public areas are being used by private use. -Vlll- Activities of the children are more than their parents because of their ages. Sport activities that the children to are (in order) basketball, volkeyball and football. Houever areas and fileds for such activities volleyball are very feu. People of the region mostly want these areas to be cleared and in order the families mho do not like the present situation of the recreation areas between the residential areas to be increased. People use the recreation centers on the filled coastline because of the lack of rereation centers in the residential areas. When we examine the recreation areas in the region, we see that play and sport grounds are not sufficient both in number and space. The standart that is accepted for 5000 person is 2 play graunds. If we accept it 1 for the same papulation, there must be 3G play grounds in the region. However there are only 10 play grounds (B in the coast line and 2 in the housing areas ) and we need 2D play graunds more. There are very few sport grounds in the region. Because the prensent sport grounds are in the size of trainhg grounds and you have to pay a certain amount of money to use them. So they are closed for common public use. The sport grounds that are in the coostline are smaller and most of them are for basketboll. The only covered sport ground of the region is inside the boundaries of the Cerrahpaşa Medical School. İt is also closed for common public use. The number of play graunds, sport grounds and park in the region can be increased by nationalization. All the public areas of the region (ration: 49 %) must be reserved for these functions. As our region is in the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul there is a dense historical pattern of the region. So we hawe to make a perfect sur vey in order to find the private owned lands to be nationalized. The size of a play ground in the regian must be 35DD m2 (1 m2/per capita). Non of the play grounds in the region have this size. According to the regulations of the 3194 Development and Housing Law the standart green area per capita must be 7.0 m2. However the actual green area per capita is only 3.15 m2. This is much below the standart. The number has been increased to 3.30 m2 per capita by using the public and private areas for recreation. According to the 1991 Pesinsula Development and Housing Plan recre ation areas have been enlargened. Büyük-Küçük Langa ve getable gar dens. Haci Piri vegetable garden in Hacı Hamza and Ismail Pasha gardens have been planned as fair and cultural Park and as sportsfields. If these function can be realized, the green area per capita will be -IX- 4.43 m2. It can be said that this is much smaller then the area that is stated in the regulations. However 4.43 m2/per capita has been eccepted as the maximum area which the region can provide. The reasons of these are the density of the residential areas and lack of nationalization. But to reach the desired level, to prepare a revision plan and to nationalize according to this plan is necssary. Only by this method areas will be obtained. Then the fair are and the areas on the coast line will supply the weekly and extraordinary recreation needs.