Firma çapında kalite ve kalite yönetimi

Abstract

Kalite kavram., bir mamulün veya hizmetin, müşterinin ihtiyaç ve isteklerine göre önceden belirlenmiş koşullara uygunluk, derecesi, olarak tarif edilebilir-. Endüstriyel bir kuruluşun temel kalite hedefi, ekonomik bir kaliteye ulaşılması, ve bunun korunup geliştirilmesidir. Bunu, sağlayabilmek için de kati tenin önce planlanması, sonra, kontrol edilmesi ve daha sonra da geliştirilmesi.gerekir:», Bu üç aşama faaliyeti modern kalite sisteminin yapısını ortaya koyar. Kalite, kuruluşların stratejilerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kalite geliştirme planlan uzun vaden ve sürekli olmalıdır» Bu nedenle, yapılacak stratejik planlarda, kalite geliştirme ve kontrol planları oldukça önemli bir yer teşkil, eder» üretilen mamulün veya verilen, hizmetin kalite düzeyini yükseltmek veya tasarlanan kalite düzeyine uygunluğa sağlamak, çok yönlü çaba harcamayı, gerektiren bir fonksiyondur-» Kaliteli mal üretiminde; teknolojik birikim., çevre koşullan, hammadde, nnhemA 4. «y ı iv araç-gereç ve.î-iıatyıt. gücünün, katkısı, vardır* INt'T^T-^r ^Tfas'L'nÂa "Mis* İTO gü¬ cü, oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir* Firma çapında ger¬ çekleştirilecek: bir kalite sisteminde insan gücüne öncelik ve ağırlık vermek gerekir» la konuda yapılacak iki önemli; faaliyet ise; uygun elemanın seçilmesi ve bu elemanların amaçlara göre yetiştirilmesi için eğitimidir* Kalite faaliyetleri, üretim sisteminin bir alt parçası olduğundan bu faaliyetlerin' de bir maliyeti vardır. Bu yüzden maksimum kalite oluşturulmasına çalışılması gereksizdir» Kısıtlı olan. kaynakların korunması, bakımından maksimum veya minumum kalite değil, optimum kalite amaçlanmalıdır. Firma çapında, işin baştan sona kaliteli olmasına yönelik: bir uygulama olarak kalite çemberleri kullanılabilir, imalat sektöründe olduğa, kadar hizmet sektöründe de uygulanan bu. organizasyon,insan kaynağını, daha iyi kullanmaya yönelik, verimliliği arttırıcı bir yöntemdirOuality is the combination ör ali the features deten»ining the usabiüty of a product. rt is defined as conformity to product specifications ör consumer's satisf action. Qaality tafces f rom three different eleaents of quaüty: 1. Qua3JLty of desiga, 2. Qo.ality of performance, 5. Qaa3J.ty of productr and suitability. Qtıality of desiga defines charaoteıristics about the product like aestiıetics, used materials, ete. Quality of performance is a notion tlıat ^asures atıitability of product to tke standarts about guaraııty, service of re- pair and çare, and ete. Also quality of production and suitability can be described as tlıe suitability's degree of product to tb.e specifications of design and perfor- mance. Quality control means to keep the quality under control. it's aim is production of made that meets wishs of consumers at as f ör as possible economic level. Sta- tistical principles and tecnnics are applied at ali degrees of production. in this w ay, quality control is secured* Efforts of various units in organizations of the company, nrust be joined and coordinated f ör the quality*s fonaation, continuation and progress. This is secured by an effectual system that is called "total quality control". This system is a means that helps to the ad- ministrators f ör their more true and effectual decisions» Also, öne of the indicators that are used to declare the quality, is guarantee of quality. Shortly, lir means that can be quality is secured that the consumer can buy it production in confidence and use it with confi- dence and satisfaction in a long time. vıx Mostr ör people thinks that guality and produetivity can11 be seeured together. in a general ezpression, pro- ductivity is that the produced goods and servâcea in a certain period of time, are proportions to the used reaources in the same period. Briefly, productivity means using proper resources in able to analyse masisrum problems with the minimum posaibilities. An effeetual quality system. decreasea the propor- tion of discard. Indirectly, loşta of material, labour, ete. that take from operations of tnrown and correct, decrease. in other word, extravagant usage of the reconr- ces is prevented. üîherefore, productivity also increases as guality improves. Ooality is ^ery^ iMportant? element in strategies of tne establishments. Plana of guality improve must be pro- longed. (Ene base guality target of an industirial establisîı- ment is reaehing to an economic çpıality and protecting and improving this. înerefore, firat, guality mast be planned. After, it must be controlled and at the end, improved. (Ekese tnree activities make structure of tne modern (jıaality system. Briefly, quality planning includes tne decisions about quality of prodact. Qualitj control system inclu¬ des the decisions tnat secure to keep tiıe quality under control during production. Also, qualit7 improving system1s aim is producing the alternative decisions that decreaae the costa, and increase the cjuality and productivity, and striving to re alize these. The simplest definition of quality is usability and servicebility. Before commencing the manufacture of: a product, product specifications should be determined taking into consideration the requirements of the consu- mer, technological facilities, as well as legal and teenni.çal standarts. Standardization in quality control departmant is most important to make the guality of design and to rıu. raising the quality of suitability. Standarts and speci- fication in tlıe company, are the effectual corresponding means to function the activities of product's design and control of quality and production. Standardization is a process to fix some rules and to apply these. Ihese rules are about regularly making an aetivity under functional necessities and security conditions. These are fixed by some establisnment to reach to the optimam economic level. Specifieations are used as means to apply the standarts. in quality tura that begins and finialıs at consumer, also consumption's demension of guality laust be examined ııinutelyv îlms, ^F the side% of produetioa'ia <îuality, quality ör using and quality of design that will be able to form again, come to the agenda. Establishment that reach to a certain quality in production, has to pronect this level. Iherefore, admi- nistrator» nnıst control thier qnality systems to realize required quality, and remove deficiencies at points with the problem. Quality circles that are management application, are applied to use homan recomrces as effectual. The objective is securing a continuous level of productivity. Homans are motiveted more easy thanks to this applica¬ tion. in this organization, worker's potential of solve the problem is maked use. The first aim of quality control is to get under control the defects, and the second öne to eliminate the causes. Occurence of defects in a product ör service is an undesirable consequence. Activity of defect's control is maked by a quality control organiaation ör system. As qua±ity comırol operations constitute a sub-sys- tem of the production system, quality also involves a cost like the production does. in caae equilibrumm between cost of quality and quality is secured, it means that quality planning hits its target. in quality cont¬ rol, quality does not mean the best. Quality means the product that meets certain customer requirements. To consicter quality as the highest level that should be iz attained In a product or service renders the quality is a negative cost item. For that quality control achieves its goal, an equilibrium should be established between the cost of quality and the interest it brings. In this care, neither maximum nor minimum quality level should be prefered. A maximum interest may be obtained through an optimum quality level. So apply quality control methots, knowledge in statistics is particularly essential. Besides, as a de fault in any of the parts is likely to occur also in others, operators employed with the business also 3hould know the basics of statistics. And this is possible only by an education received in statistics. Performance of quality systems in the companies, can be appreciated by observing various fields. !Ehese fields are; 1. Appreciating of quality costs, 2. Appreciating öf production's quality, 3. Appreciating of customer's satisfaction, 4-, Appreciating of system's suitability, 5. Appreciating of side industry. Quality performance may be measured by making work in these area. Raising the quality level of product or service or securing the appropriateness to the fixed quality level, is a function that necessitates to strive with most direction. She re are additions of technological accumulal tion, conditions of surroundings, raw material, engineer ing, vehicle-tool and labour in production the quality goods. Especially, labour is most important element in a quality system. Ihere are two important activities in this subject. The first is choosing the proper per sonnels and the second is education to educate these personnels according to aims. We can not do anything in subject of quality edu cation and application without general management's support in a company. So most important target is the top management. Education must begin first from manage ment. After, it must widen in all company. Statistical knowledges fona the basic for the mo dern quality control. Statistical technics and analysis are important piece of the quality system» So everyone who is from chairman of part to worker in company, must understand statistical logic, and use the elemental sta tistic. This secures by education and securing this is most important for quality. A. questionnaire was made in this work inclusion to possess knowledge about management of quality in Turkey. In addition, level of companies that answered the ques tionnaire about quality, was researched.