Yüksek binalarda metal çerçeveli giydirme cepheler

Abstract

Dünyada ve Türkiye'de yüksek binaların yapılmaya başlaması ile bu binalarda sıkça uygulama olanağı bulmuş olan metal çerçeveli giydirme cepheler bu tezin ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde tezin konusu, çalışmanın hangi kapsamda yapıldığı ve amacı açıklanmıştır. ikinci bölümde yüksek bina tanımı verilmiş, yüksek binaların dünyada ve Türkiye'de yapılma nedenleri ve gelişimleri açıklanmış, bir bina sistemi olarak, tezin konusu ile ilgili olan yüksek bina alt sistemleri kısaca incelenmiştir. Yüksek bina alt sistemlerinden 'Taşıyıcı Olmayan Yan örtü Sistemi, olan giydirme cephelerin tanımı ve gelişimleri ile yaygın olarak uygulanan giydirme cephe türleri üçüncü bölümde incelenmiştir. Giydirme cephe türlerinden olan ve tezin ana konusunu oluşturan metal çerçeveli giydirme cephelerin performans kriterleri ve bu performans kriterlerim sağlayan mevcut sistemler dördüncü bölümde açıklanmıştır. Sonuç bölümü olan beşinci bölümde de yüksek binalarda kullanılacak giydirme cephe sistemlerinin seçiminde kullanılabilecek kriterler ve uygulamaya ilişkin öğütler verilmiştir.

The subject of the thesis is "Metal-Framed Curtain Walls on High-Rise Buildings. " The aim of the thesis is to determine the criteria for selecting the curtain wall system to be used on high-rise buildings based on the conditions and the performance criteria. In the first part of the thesis, which consists of five parts, the subject, aim and scope of the thesis are defined. In the second part, the definition and the development of high-rise buildings in the World and Turkey are given and sub-systems of high-rise buildings that are related to the subject of the thesis are examined. The sub-systems of high-rise buildings, related to the subject of the thesis, are examined in two parts: 1. The Structural System, 2. The Non-Structural System. The structural systems, used in high-rise buildings, are classified in four parts: 1. Tubular Systems, 2. Frame Systems, 3. Shear-Wall Systems, 4. Suspended Systems. Tubular systems are examined in four parts: a. Framed Tubular Systems, b. Diagonally Trussed Tubular Systems, c. Tube in Tube Systems, d. Modular Tubular Systems. XI Shear-wall systems are examined in four parts: a. Systems Formed by Shear- wall and Frame, b. Systems Formed by Hollow Shear-wall-Shear-wall and Frame, c. Systems Formed by Shear-wall-Frame-Core, d. Systems Formed by Share Walls. The non-structural systems are classified in two parts: 1. Service and Installation System, 2. External Envelope System. Service and installation systems are examined in four parts: a. Circulation System, b. Heating and Cooling System, c Lighting System, d. Feed Water and Waste Water Installation System. External envelope system is examined as follows: a. Roofs, b. External Walls. External walls are examined in two parts: i. Structural External Walls, iL Non-Structural External Walls. Curtain walls, which is one of the "Non-structural External Walls", are examined in the third part of the thesis. Definition and development of two types of curtain walls that are used extensively are examined in two groups: 1. Precast Concrete Panel Curtain Walls, 2. Metal Framed Curtain Walls. Also advantages and disadvantages of these curtain walls are given in this part. Fourth part is grouped in three sections. In the first section, performance criteria related to "Metal-Framed Curtain Walls" are examined under following subtitles: 1. Static, 2. Dilatation and Movement, XU 3. Leakage, 4. Heat Insulation and Condensation, 5. Sound Insulation, 6. Sun Control, 7. Precautions Against Fire, 8. Cleaning. The reasons of the leakage are examined in five parts: a. Kinetic, b. Surface Tension, c. Gravity, d. Capilarity, e. Wind Pressure. The existing systems in metal-framed curtain walls providing the above- mentioned performance criteria are examined in relation to following items: 1. Dilatation and Movement 2. Leakage, 3. Heat Insulation and Condensation, 4. Sound Insulation, 5. Sun Control. The systems, concerned with dilatation and movement, are classified as: a. Stick System, b. Stick-Panel System, c Panel System. The systems, concerned with leakage, are classified as: a. Closed System, b. System with Ventilation and Water Discharge, c. Pressure Balanced System. Closed system is grouped in two parts: i. Application with Elastic Paste, ii. Application with Gasket. xni The systems, concerned with "Heat Insulation and Condensation", are grouped in two parts: a. Systems with Back-up Walls, b. Systems without Back-up Walls. The precautions, concerned with sun control, are grouped in four parts: a. Reflection of Light and Color, b. Light Transmission, c Solar Energy Transmission, d. Heat Transmission Coefficient. In part five, in the conclusionary part of the thesis, criteria for selecting the best solutions among the different metal-framed curtain wall systems, which provide the same performance are given. These criteria are: 1. Criteria related to the building itself, 2. Criteria related to physical environment, 3. Criteria related to curtain wall, 4. Criteria related to construction, 5. Criteria as the "Input" for the design of the curtain wall. Criteria related to the building itself are examined as follows: a. Height of the building, b. Function of the building, c Regime and system of heating and ventilating in the building, d. Visual characteristics required from the building. Criteria related to physical environment are examined as follows: a. Location of the building, b. Dominant wind speed and direction in the zone where the building stands, c Amount of precipitation, d. Amount of thermal difference between day and night. Criteria related to curtain wall are examined as follows: a. Efficiency in heat insulation, b. Resistance to wind pressure, c. Dimensioning of frame elements ( mullions and spandrels ), XIV d. Adaptability to vertical and horizontal movements, e. Convenience to regime and system of heating and ventilating in the building. Criteria related to construction are examined as follows: a. Dimensioning of frame elements ( Mullions and spandrels ), b. Criteria related to anchoring elements, c Movements due to wind and thermal dilatation, d. Application of gaskets, e. Criteria related to condensation, f. Criteria related to sun control, g. Criteria related to heat control. Criteria as the "Input" for the design of the curtain wall are examined as follows: a. Visual qualifications, b. Loading, c. Heat and condensation control,