Avrupa Topluluğu ile bütünleşme sürecinde Türk inşaat sektörünün durumu

Abstract

1992 Avrupa Tek Pazarı öncesinde, tam üyelik başvurusunda bulunan Türkiye; ekonomik, sosyal, politik ve teknolojik alanlarda Avrupa Topluluğu' na uyum çalışmaları yapmaktadır. Bu uyum çalışmaları, sektör bazına indirgenerek giderek artan bir tempoda sürdürülmektedir. özellikle rekabet gücü açısından öbür sektörlerden daha şanslı durumda bulunan inşaat sektörü açısından durum daha önemli boyutlardadır. Bu çalışmada, daha kendi ülkeleri arasında bile tam uyum sağlayamamış bulunan AT' ye karşı, Türk inşaat sektörünün durumu karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiş ve rekabet koşulları araştırılmıştır. Birinci bölümde, konu genel hatlarıyla ortaya konulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, Avrupa Toplulugu'nun bütünleşme süreci ve yapısı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Alt bölümlerde sırasıyla AT'nin tarihçesi, AT-Türkiye ilişkileri ve 1992 Avrupa Tek Pazarı ile rekabet faktörleri incelenmiştir. üçüncü bölümde, Avrupa Toplulugu'nun genel ekonomik durumu ve inşaat sektörünün durumu incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölüm çalışmanın en önemli kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Müteahhitlik hizmetleri Türkiye ve AT 'de olmak üzere oldukça geniş bir biçimde incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölümde ise sonuçlar ve öneriler yer almaktadır.

Near to 1992 European Single Market, as an applicant for membership to the Community, Turkish economic enviroment tries to perform some studies on economical, social, political and technological areas for integration to the European Community (EC). Especially, economical studies are considered more important to the other studies for integration to the EC. The studies are hold on sector by sector with acceleration. On point of Turkish construction sector, which has more chance than the other sectors in case of power of competitiveness, situation is on more important dimensions. In this study, in response to European Community which has some integration problems within member countries, the position of Turkish construction sector are investigated and competition conditions of it are examined. At first part, an introduction is stated on the reasons which causes this study to be done and subject of the study. Second part of the study is an introductory section to the EC with a brief historical review about its establishment and development phases. At this part EC-Turkey relationships are also examined on a choronological perspective. Than the most important development which is related with the main line of the study is the formation of European Single Market is stated with an addition related with the explanation of factors which affect competition. Third part of the study surveys the economic enviroment in EC with very wide perspective. At the first subsection, the main statistical findings are surveyed like Gross National Product, Price levels and unemployment. The strengths and weaknesses of Turkey are stated compared with the EC counties. As a result of this findings, Turkish economy, although having so much weaknesses, has a dynamic structure with respect to her high rates of increases in Gross National Product in reel terms and low price level relative to the EC countries. At the second subsection, the position of construction sector are examined. Firstly economical importance of the sector is stated by showing its place on economy by figures. Than the description of the industry is shown by demonstrating the composition of industry and structure of the industry is stated. After all of these introductory explanations the single market and prospects of the construction industry are stated. Than two main subsectors of the industry namely housing and construction are described and current situations of these sub sectors are examined. xi At the last subsection of this section, the effects of the economical changes are investigated such as employment trends, investment, structural changes, environment, single market, new production technologies and a forecast is made about the industry's long run position. The fourth part of this study posseses main importance according to the main goal of the study. In this section firstly, building contracting sector in Europe is stated on point of member countries to EC like France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Nederlands, England and Portugal. Strengths and weaknesses of the countries on construction industry are compared with eachother as a summary table. At the second subsection, the building contracting sector in Turkey is briefly examined. Overall current position of the Turkish building contracting is stated. Since building contracting has to determined with some legal borders; at the third subsection, the law and legislation sides of the subject are reviewed. Laws and legislations about building contracting in European Community and Turkey are presented with comparison to each other on points of building materials directives, workers directives, product responsibility, euronorms, standart s and licences. In this subsection, legislations about public works contracting in EC and in Turkey are also compared with each other. The last section is about conclusion and suggestions of the overall study. In this section, a summary is xli reached from the overall study on both EC countries and Turkey sides. On EC countries side, building sector is in a position that; because of the very low increasing rate in population, a stop and also a regression is expected, - building works is changing its direction from traditional external markets to USA and Hong Kong markets - some building firms have gone to mergers and partnerships with firms from countries outside EC and increased the variety of activities, - there is no common policiy within member countries. All member countries have different taxing and encouragement policies. On Turkey side, building sector is in a position that; - because of the decrease in public investments, some negative effects have been seen in building sector, - since, the support to housing has been removed, a regression period started at building sector, because of the increasing demand to capital market, interest on housing investments decreased, - because of the high inflation rates, unit costs increased. Although, both EC countries and Turkey have same problems in building sector. Turkish building sector, xiii by means of encouragement measures, decreasing credit costs and subsidizing, can be strengther. In the light of this study, there will be no big problems in harmonization of the legislations about public work contracting between EC and Turkey and the new European market will be a very big source for Turkish building sector. In appendixes, some EC council directives about public works contracting are presented.