İmalat Esnekliğinin Atölye Modeli Kapsamında Entropi Tabanlı Bir Değerlendirmesi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Çevresel koşulların imalat birimleri üzerindeki efektif yapılanmayı daima geliştirmek yönündeki zorlayıcı etkilerine; günümüzde, müşterilerin bazı özel ve zaman bazlı istekleri de eklenmiştir. Firmalar, kendi organizasyonel ve operasyonel yapılarını çevreden gelen değişime yöneltici etkilere göre mümkün olduğunca adapte edebilme yeteneğine sahip olmalıdırlar. İmalat birimleri için imalat esnekliği olarak adlandırılabilecek olan bu kavram, literatürde birçok yazar tarafından çeşitli yollarla analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Fakat imalat esnekliği ve bu kavrama ilişkin diğer terimlerin kompleks yapısı gereği; imalat esnekliğini özellikle sayısal olarak değerlendirmenin zor olacağı görüşü hakimdir. Bu nedenle, imalat esnekliğinin sayısal açıdan ölçümlenebilmesine yönelik gerçekleştirilen somut çalışmalar sayı ve kapsam açısından sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, termodinamiğin 2. kanunundan esinlenerek oluşturulmuş entropi tabanlı bir ölçüm metodunun, imalat esnekliğinin sayısal olarak değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak uyarlanması ve esnekliğin hipotetik olarak tasarlanmış bir imalat birimi kapsamında ölçülerek, bütünsel esneklik değerini temsil edebilecek tek bir sayısal değere ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bulunacak değer, benzer değerlendirmelerin aynı imalat birimi içerisinde, önceki veya sonraki sonuçlarıyla kıyaslama olanağı sağlar. Bu nedenle, belirli makine ve işgücü özellikleri ile tanımlanmış rotalar doğrultusunda sistemin anlık durumu, farklı sayıda üretim safhalarından geçen farklı ürünlerin üretim birimindeki dolaşımı da esas alınarak analiz edilmiş ve mevcut işlemlerin bütünsel esneklik ifadesi, sisteme dahil edilmesi gereken unsurların etkilerinin genel bir kavram olan zaman boyutuna indirgenmesi aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Analiz, MS Excel© Programı yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Entropi değerleri ve her bir operasyon içerisindeki dağılımları hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar, ürünlerin işlem görmüş olduğu makineler bazında gruplanarak yorumlanmıştır.
In addition to the extorsive effects of the environmental conditions on manufacturing units through generating more effective configurations consistently, customers‟ some unique and time-based expectations exist nowadays. Companies should have the ability of adapting their organizational and operational structures according to the change-aimer effects of the environment as far as possible. This concept is called “manufacturing flexibility” for the manufacturing units and it has been tried to be analyzed in various ways by umpteen authors in the current literature. However; because of the complex nature of manufacturing flexibility and corresponding terms of the concept; evaluating the manufacturing flexibility in especially quantitative ways has always considered as a hard work. Therefore, researches which focus on measuring manufacturing flexibility are inadequate in terms of the number and extent of the studies. In this research, an entropy based evaluation approach which was basically inspired by the 2nd law of thermodynamics, is adapted to the measurement of manufacturing flexibility. The aim is to evaluate the manufacturing flexibility in scope of an hypothetically designed job shop and to reach a numeric value that represents the overall flexibility of operations in that manufacturing unit. This is a value that would enable comparing the pre or post results of the similar evaluation applications in same manufacturing unit. Entropy value shows an increasing tendency when the flexibility level gets higher. Therefore, through the definite features of current machinery, labour and routings for different products which have different number of production steps on different machines, the snapshot is analyzed and the effects of certain elements are included to the system by means of demoting them in a common concept, “time”. The analysis is performed on MS Excel© Programme. The entropy values and their distributions according to individual operations are calculated and the results are interpreted through a machine-based grouping view that products are processed on.
In addition to the extorsive effects of the environmental conditions on manufacturing units through generating more effective configurations consistently, customers‟ some unique and time-based expectations exist nowadays. Companies should have the ability of adapting their organizational and operational structures according to the change-aimer effects of the environment as far as possible. This concept is called “manufacturing flexibility” for the manufacturing units and it has been tried to be analyzed in various ways by umpteen authors in the current literature. However; because of the complex nature of manufacturing flexibility and corresponding terms of the concept; evaluating the manufacturing flexibility in especially quantitative ways has always considered as a hard work. Therefore, researches which focus on measuring manufacturing flexibility are inadequate in terms of the number and extent of the studies. In this research, an entropy based evaluation approach which was basically inspired by the 2nd law of thermodynamics, is adapted to the measurement of manufacturing flexibility. The aim is to evaluate the manufacturing flexibility in scope of an hypothetically designed job shop and to reach a numeric value that represents the overall flexibility of operations in that manufacturing unit. This is a value that would enable comparing the pre or post results of the similar evaluation applications in same manufacturing unit. Entropy value shows an increasing tendency when the flexibility level gets higher. Therefore, through the definite features of current machinery, labour and routings for different products which have different number of production steps on different machines, the snapshot is analyzed and the effects of certain elements are included to the system by means of demoting them in a common concept, “time”. The analysis is performed on MS Excel© Programme. The entropy values and their distributions according to individual operations are calculated and the results are interpreted through a machine-based grouping view that products are processed on.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011
Konusu
İmalat Esnekliği, Entropi, Manufacturing Flexibility, Entropy
