Kopuzdan Altıtelli Kopuza Uzanan Süreçte Fiziksel Ve İcra Teknikleri Bakımından Meydana Gelen Değişim Ve Gelişmeler
Kopuzdan Altıtelli Kopuza Uzanan Süreçte Fiziksel Ve İcra Teknikleri Bakımından Meydana Gelen Değişim Ve Gelişmeler
Dosyalar
Tarih
2011
Yazarlar
Eroğlu, Sinan Cem
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Institute of Social Sciences
Institute of Social Sciences
Özet
Sabit iki nokta arasında tel gerip ses çıkartma fikri, medeniyet tarihi boyunca süregelmiş bir düşüncedir. Bu düşünceye ait ilk müzik aletlerinden biriside kopuzdur. Kopuz, tarihi M.Ö. 6000 yıl öncesine dayanan ve ait olduğu toplumlarca kutsal sayılan bir çalgı olmuş, yalnızca müzikal anlamda değil, hastalıkları tedavi amaçlı da kullanılmıştır. Kopuz yalnızca tek bir çalgıya verilen bir isim değil, günümüzde ki ?saz? kelimesinin karşılığı olarak geçmişte bütün çalgılar için kullanılmıştır. Tarih sürecinde çok farklı kopuz tipleri var olmuştur. Bu kopuzlar sahip oldukları tel sayılarına göre isimlendirilmişlerdir. Çalışmamız içerisinde geçmişte ve günümüzde kullanılan farklı tiplerde ki kopuzlar incelenmiş, özellikle günümüzde kullanılan kopuzlar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmış, perde ölçüleri ve ses sistemi ile ilgili detaylı incelemelere ve yeni bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Orta Asya ve Anadolu'da tarih süreci içinde yaygın biçimde birçok toplum tarafından kullanılan kopuzun gelişimi hiçbir zaman durmamıştır. Toplumların konar göçer yaşam anlayışını terk edip yerleşik düzene geçmeleri sonucunda kopuzun tel ve perde sayısı artmıştır. Müziğin gelişimi sazların gelişimini etkilemiştir. Bu gelişimin sonucu olarak Teke yarımadasında üçtelli cura olarak da bilinen üçtelli kopuzdan, dede sazından, barok, erken Rönesans ve Rönesans dönemlerinde karşımıza çıkan lutdan ve klasik gitardan esinlenerek Erkan Oğur tarafından altıtelli kopuz türetilmiştir. Üçtelli curanın, kopuzun ve dede sazının tınısal özellikleri, icra şekilleri ve perde sistemleri, lutun klavye yapısı ve klasik gitarın arpej tekniği ile akort sistemleri Altıtelli kopuzun tasarımında önemli rol oynayan etkenlerdir. Altıtelli kopuz ile normal kopuz ve bağlamalar arasında ki en önemli farklar, tel sayısından dolayı klavyesinin kalınlığı, tel kalibrasyonu, çalım tekniğinden kaynaklı tınısal özelliği ve klasik gitarda olduğu gibi melodi ile armoninin aynı anda icra edilebilmesidir.
The idea of streching string between two fixed points to produce sound, is an idea that is obtained throughout the history of civilization. One of the instruments that belongs to this idea is kopuz. Kopuz, whose history is dating back 6000 BC, was thought a sacred instrument by societies whom belongs, not only musically, were also used for the treatment of diseases. Kopuz was not only a name given to a single instrument, but also it was used for all instruments to define in the past like using ?saz? as a word to define all instruments today. There were many different types of kopuz in the process of history. These instruments are called by number of strings that they have. In this study, different type of kopuzs having used in the past and present were examined, especially kopuzs that are used today have been discussed in detail, new findings and detailed reviews are presented about fret positions, scale and makam systems. In the process of the history, kopuz whose widely used by many community, development has not stopped any time. As a result of societies passed to settled life from nomadic life, kopuz?s string and fret numbers increased. The development of music influenced the development of instruments. As a result of this development, six-stringed kopuz was produced by Erkan Ogur from three stringed kopuz that is known three stringed cura in Teke peninsula, saz of minstrel, lute that was played in Baroque, early Renaissance and Renaissance period, and classical guitar. Important factors that play an important role in the design of the six-stringed kopuz are timbre features, playing styles and fret systems of three stringed cura, kopuz and saz of minstrel, keyboard structure of lute, arpeggio technique and tuning systems of classical guitar. The most important differences between normal regular kopuzs and six-stringed kopuz are thickness of keyboard because of number of strings, string calibration, timbre feature on account of playing technique, and both harmony and melody can be played at the same time like in classical guitar.
The idea of streching string between two fixed points to produce sound, is an idea that is obtained throughout the history of civilization. One of the instruments that belongs to this idea is kopuz. Kopuz, whose history is dating back 6000 BC, was thought a sacred instrument by societies whom belongs, not only musically, were also used for the treatment of diseases. Kopuz was not only a name given to a single instrument, but also it was used for all instruments to define in the past like using ?saz? as a word to define all instruments today. There were many different types of kopuz in the process of history. These instruments are called by number of strings that they have. In this study, different type of kopuzs having used in the past and present were examined, especially kopuzs that are used today have been discussed in detail, new findings and detailed reviews are presented about fret positions, scale and makam systems. In the process of the history, kopuz whose widely used by many community, development has not stopped any time. As a result of societies passed to settled life from nomadic life, kopuz?s string and fret numbers increased. The development of music influenced the development of instruments. As a result of this development, six-stringed kopuz was produced by Erkan Ogur from three stringed kopuz that is known three stringed cura in Teke peninsula, saz of minstrel, lute that was played in Baroque, early Renaissance and Renaissance period, and classical guitar. Important factors that play an important role in the design of the six-stringed kopuz are timbre features, playing styles and fret systems of three stringed cura, kopuz and saz of minstrel, keyboard structure of lute, arpeggio technique and tuning systems of classical guitar. The most important differences between normal regular kopuzs and six-stringed kopuz are thickness of keyboard because of number of strings, string calibration, timbre feature on account of playing technique, and both harmony and melody can be played at the same time like in classical guitar.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2011
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler
Oğur Sazı,
Altıtelli Kopuz,
Mızrapsız İcra Teknikleri,
Six-stringed Kopuz,
Playing techniqes with hand,
Ogur Sazi