Düzenleyici Planlama Sistemi İçinde Büyük Ölçekli Projelere Yönelik Kısmi İptal Davaları Ve Sonuçları

Abstract

Kentler değişim ve dönüşümlerin yaşandığı hızla değişen mekânlardır. Kentler yaşanan gelişmeler karşısında değişim ve dönüşüm talebine cevap vermektedir. Kentlerin bu talebi sağlamasının yolu da planlama sistemindeki değişimler olmaktadır. Zamanın getirdiği gerekliliklerine göre değişik planlama çeşitleri olsa da ülkemizde yaygın olarak düzenleyici planlama sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Düzenleyici planlama sistemi; alt ve üst ölçekli imar planları arasında hiyerarşi bulunan, imar planlarının yasal bağlayıcılığı bulunan, imar planlarının hazırlanmasında uyulacak ilkeler, usul ve esaslar Kanun ve Yönetmelik hükümlerinde düzenlenen planlama sistemidir. Düzenleyici planlama sisteminde yerel fiziksel planlar hazırlandıktan sonra onaylanmakta ve sonrasında ilan edilmektedir. İmar planları ilan edildikten sonra planlara ilişkin itiraz süreci başlamakta ve eğer itirazlar var ise değerlendirilmektedir. İmar planları değerlendirildikten sonra kesinleşmektedir. Onaylanarak kesinleşen imar planlarına dava açılması durumunda planlar mahkeme tarafından ön koşul yönünden ve esas yönünden incelenmektedir. İmar planları iptal edildiği zaman iptal edilen düzenleyici işlemin uygulanabilirliği son bulmaktadır. İdarelerin planı iptal olan alanda yapacakları yeni imar planını, iptal olmuş planın iptal olma sebeplerini düzelterek yapması gerekmektedir. Ancak İstanbul’da sayıları her geçen gün artarak yapılan büyük ölçekli projelerin imar planları birden fazla kez iptal olmasına rağmen projeler gerçekleşmektedir. Tez kapsamında, büyük ölçekli projelere yönelik kısmi iptal davaları ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda imar planları birden fazla kez iptal olan Finanskent Projesi, Quasar İstanbul Projesi ve Maslak 1453 projesi örnek alanlar olarak incelenmiştir. Sayılan projelerin imar planlarına dava açıldıktan sonra yeniden aynı fonksiyon ve aynı yapılaşma koşullarına sahip yeni imar planları onaylanmıştır. Bu durumda da inşaat devam etmiş, projedeki konutların, ofislerin satışı başlamıştır. Alanda birden fazla kere alınmış olan mahkeme kararı olmasına rağmen inşaatlar bitmiştir. Bu şekilde kesin ve uygulanması zorunlu olan idari işlem olan kısmi plan iptali uygulamada gerçekleşmemiş olmaktadır. Bu durumda büyük ölçekli projelerin kısmi plan iptalleri planlama sistemi üzerinde ve hukuken sonuç doğurmaktadır. Büyük ölçekli projeler düzenleyici planlama sistemi içerisindeki yerini almakta ve düzenleyici planlama sisteminin esnemesine neden olmaktadır.

Cities are places that are transformational and changeable rapidly. In the face of developments in the city, the city responds the demand of alterations. The way of ensuring this demand is to change system. Planning systems are renewing itself parallel to changes in the social, economic, political system in the world. Even if there are different types of planning systems with the necessities of the time, regulatory planning systems are widely used in our country. Regulatory planning system is the planning system that has hierarchy of plans, needs the legal necessity for plans, arranges the rules of plan preparation according to law. Plans include regulatory planning system has a hierarchy. There is certainty in the development plan so that planning decisions are made based on realistic assumptions the principles to be followed in the preparation of plans, rules and procedures are regulated in the Law and Regulations. There are plans in the regulatory planning system application integrity. The law on the development of the city and development has an important place. The issue of zoning law also creates the zoning regulations. The legal regulations regarding zoning ensure the effectiveness of urban planning. In our country, about the urban planning of settlements in numerous laws, ordinances, there are regulations. Types of plans in the Turkish planning system, the plan hierarchy and authority when discussing the plan in 2011 is divided into before and after. This is because both species as well as the hierarchy is a new and systematic planning regulations created after the year 2011. Plans are firstly prepared and then after the improvement the plans are announced in regulatory planning system. Then geotechnical information and documents and reports prepared and necessary permits and received the opinion of the institution. Threshold analysis and synthesis of work done is evaluated data are determined by the way the plan taking shape and achieve the plan and determined the area to be allocated for the needs of urban development plans are created. The procedure of objection is began after the announcement. If there are any objection, the plans are become definite after evaluation. In case of bringing an action against to plans, plans are investigated according to essential prerequisite direction. When the plans are canceled, canceled the applicability of the regulatory process ends. The decision to cancel a transaction made in accordance with the law that controls the judiciary process if there is a disability that affects the determination to apply, allowing the elimination process and a judicial process that may res judicata. Cancel the decision of the zoning plan, the legal proceedings have not been any plant that makes the decisions. When development plans are canceled, applicability of the regulatory process ends. There are consequences in terms of people management and development plan of cancellations. Development plans when they are integrated or partially canceled previous plans to enter into force. There are several decisions on the subject top-scale or partial cancellation of an integrated development plan, leading to the loss of the sub-scale basis for the plan. In this case, it must be approved by preparing a new upper -scale plans. Development plans or operations that are performed on the basis of a partial annulment integrated as a result of the cancellation of the decision process as the principle of acquired rights are valid. New plans that are made from administration should be made after the arrangement of the reason of cancelation. Although increased number of large scaled development’s plans in İstanbul are canceled more than one, the projects are occurred. Hotel projects, office projects, projects such as shopping center projects are frequently carried out in İstanbul. This project has been filed with the plan. Sometimes in these cases it is decided to cancel the plan after giving the decision to halt the execution. Sometimes it is given before the decision to cancel a decision to stop the execution cases. Although different court orders in the same area in the development plan envisaged the construction is completed. In the thesis, partial annulment and results of large scale projects investigated. In this context, Finanskent Project, Quasar İstanbul Project and Maslak 1453 projects, whose project's plans were canceled more than one are examined. New development plans that have same function and structuring condition after bringing suit against to consider the projects were approved. In this case, construction was continued and the sale of houses and offices in this project was began. Although there is more than one court order, constructions were finished. Over three examples of large-scale projects that were selected to do an analysis of the impact of regulatory planning system “comparison method " is used. Comparison method and the partial cancellation of plans to reveal the characteristics of realized large-scale projects, processes are analyzed and examined the results of similar characteristics. According to the findings of the thesis, after opening the case on large-scale projects, while the court process management are making a new plan. New plans made with a previous plan of construction conditions, bears much similarity in function. Court proceedings are leading, while it is canceled large-scale development plan for the project, there is already another development plan of the area. Therefore, it is prevent the partial cancellation of the project plan for the parcel. Due to the long court process , even if the case is turned on again the administration has made similar development plans , making the long drive that resulted in administrative areas similar zoning plan again in case the construction project continues. Despite the presence of a partial decision to cancel plans for large -scale projects, the realization of the project adversely affects directly the planning system. Including the realization of the project is to provide top -scale decisions contrary to the decisions taken by the partial revocation of the reconstruction plan, the same plan and the continuation of the process of re- zoning plan cancellation of the plan. In this way the continuity of the plan is prevented. The control of the regulatory changes that may occur in the future and space planning are provided. Editor in determining the future land use planning plays a role in guiding the development of the format. In regulatory planning system, development plans in accordance with predetermined upper policies that serve the public interest. Public interest in regulatory planning system, it is impossible to implement a plan which is contrary to the principles of urbanism. In this way, partial plan cancellation does not happen in practice. Partial plan cancellation of large scale projects create results on planning system and judicial system. Large scale projects take place on regulatory planning system and it causes stretch of the regulatory planning system.