Kalite Fonksiyonu Açınımı

Abstract

Tüm Dünya’da gözlemlediğimiz toplam kalite kontrol akımıyla birlikte önemli derecede artan tasarım ve üretim döngülerindeki kısalma ihtiyacı şirketleri bu zorlu görevi başarabilecek yeni araç ve tekniklerin arayışına itmiştir. Bunlardan en popüleri Kalite Fonksiyonu Açınımı yada en bilinen adıyla QFD’dir QFD, müşteri tatminini sağlayacak tasarım hedeflerini belirleyen bir metodtur, öyle ki müşteri talepleri dizayn hedeflerine dönüştürülür. QFD, daha ürün tasarım aşamasında iken dizayn kalitesi sağlayan bir yoldur. En önemli faydası: uygun bir şekilde uygulandığında tasarım zamanını yarı yarıya veya üç de bir oranın da düşürmesidir. İşletmelerin en önemli hedefi , yeni ürünleri pazara mümkün olan en kısa sürede , mümkün olan en düşük maliyette, mümkün olan en yüksek kaliteyle sunmaktır. Bunu sağlayacak mekanizmadır QFD. Metodolojisi ile müşteri taleplerini teknik gereksinimlere dönüştüren ve ürünün her aşamasında gelişimi , ilerlemeyi sağlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmada ayakkabı konusunda bir QFD çalışması yapılmıştır. En önemli problem olarak seçilen “ayakkabı rahat olsun” müşteri talebine karşılık , ayakkabıda shock-absorber taban, air-bag ve dinamik anatomik mostra kullanımı ile müşterinin istediği rahatlık sağlanmıştır.

With the total quality management (TQM) movement in all the World, there is an ever increasing emphasis on and need for compressing the development and manufacturing cycles. This, in turn , creates a need for tools and tecniques to help companies meet the challenge. One particularly useful tecnique is quality function develoopment, more commonly referred to as QFD. QFD is a method for developing a desing quality aimed at satisfying the customer and then translating the customer’s demand into design targets and major quality assurance points to be used throughout the production phase.. QFD is a way to assure the desing quality while the product is still in the design stage. As a very important side benefit, when appropriately applied , QFD has demonstrated the reduction of development time by one-half to one-third. The main objective of any manufacturing company is to bring new products to market sooner than the competition with lower cost and improved quality. The mechanism to do is called quality function deployment. QFD is an overall concept that provides a means of translating customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each stage of product development and production (marketing strategies, planning, product design and engineering, prototype evaluation, production process development, production, sales…). In QFD, all operations are driven by the “voice of the customer” ; QFD therefore represents a change from manufacturing-process quality control to product-development quality control. QFD is a structured process, a visual language, and a set of interlinked engineering and management charts which uses the seven management (new) tools. It establishes customer value using the voice of the customer and transforms that value to design, production, and manufacturing process characteristics. The results is a systems engineering process which prioritizes and links the product development process so that it assures product quality as defined by the customer/user. Additional power derives from use within a concurrent engineering environment. This work contains four chapters. In the second chapter, Quality, history of quality, quality development methods, seven management tools are outlined. In the third chapter, descriptions, developments, advantages of Quality Functions Deployment, Organizing the QFD project, matrix of matrices approaches, implementation stages of QFD are outlined. In the Fourth chapter, the product development activities at BETA AYAKKABI SAN. , one of the main footwear manufacturer in Turkey, is outlined and the application of QFD into footwear is studied. The one of the most important problem in footwear, known as “uncomfortable shoes” is investigated by use of QFD tool. With the principles of “House of Quality” and “Matrix of matrices” all the parameters effecting the “uncomfortable shoes” problem are studied and the interrelation between these parameters are examined in a systematic way. Finally, is made clear that to add some new concepts into footwear , using shock-absorber sole, air-bag, dynamic anatomical insole etc., reduces customer complaints and increases customer satisfaction .