Boğaz köylerinin karakteristik özelliklerinin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada İstanbul'un önemli problemlerinin başın da yer alan hızlı yapılaşma neticesinde boğaz köylerinde kaybolan kimlik sorunu ele alınmış ve mevcut çevrelerin korunması, geliştirilmesi için araştırma metodlarından ya rarlanarak bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Tez dört bölüm ve örnekleme çalışmaları ' ile ilgili ek lerden meydana gelmektedir. Çalışmanın 1. bölümünde sayıları giderek artan yerle şim birimlerinin getirdiği sorunlar ve mevcut çevrelerin korunması ve geliştirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu şekilde, kimlik bakımından yokolan çevrelerin yeniden eski özelliklerine kavuşmasının kültürel değerlerimiz bakı mından önemi saptanmaktadır. 2. Bölümde tez konu alanının belirlenmesine çalışılmış ve bu kapsamda mevcut çevrelerin tipolojik çözümlemelerinin yapılarak değerlendirilmeleri amacıyla bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar, modeller açıklanarak, çevre ve alt-açılımları kavramsal olarak anlatılmaktadır. 3. bölümde ise, önceki bölümde açıklanan metodlardan iki tanesinin birleşim özelliğini taşıyan bir araştırma modeli seçilmektedir. Araştırma için kullanılan teknikler açıklanarak, alan çalışmasının yapıldığı yer olan İstanbul Beykoz ilçesine bağlı Cumhuriyet köyü tanıtılmaktadır. Daha sonra seçilen model, bu köye uygulanarak, elde edilen bulgular diyagramlar halinde değerlendirilmekte, gelişti rilen tasarım kriterleri, imar plan notları olarak düzen lenmektedir. k. bölümde, yapılan tesbit çalışmaları sonunda elde edilen verilerle oluşturulan, kriterlerin önemi belirtile rek, İstanbul'da aynı endişeyi taşıyan çevreler için bu tür araştırmaların genişletilmesinin gerekliliği vurgulan maktadır.

In this study one of the important problems of the big cities in Turkey which is the lack of identity because of the rapid urbanization have been searched. in relation to the existing environments. The thesis consists of four chapters including samp ling studies and appendixes related to the case-study. Section. 1 In this section, the importance of conservation of existing environments have been explained according tD cultural values.. To transmit these values to new genera tions might be possible by keeping identif icational features of these environments, but housing is a very big problem in rapid growing cities, and as a result of this situation, existing environments have begun to loose their cultural features. This problem which is also a big trouble for local authorities might have been solued by making systematic researches in the different levels of society and evaluat ing these criterion by improving new environmentalanalys- ing methods. As a conclusion, in this section, the identity prob lem had been tried to explore in relation to the existing environments in big cities. Vlll Section, In this section, for determinating the subject area, housing demands in big cities, and especially in develop ing areas have been mentioned in connection with the identity concept. For creating new solutions to the prob lems, the importance of typologic environmental analysis which shapes the main subject of the thesis had been ' emphasized and typology concepts had been explained includ ing their components. Structural and formal typologies, house-environment relationship typologies had been chosen from the classi fication of typologies related to the thesis. The main levels of typological analysis and their components had been also tried to be explained in this section. Environment had been defined as a concept by the ele ments of the man-environment interaction system, and the effective variables, identity features, the researches had been introduced with the names of the researchers. In the thesis, environment has been mentioned as the space which surrounds human with socialand cultural ac tivities and includes the spectrum of both natural, arti ficial areas. Recording to this definition, environment reflects the message of society. Environment ifluences man regarding to action in re lation to the personality, social and culture systems. The main functions of human organism are perception and adaptation. Depending on human's perceptional and cogni- tional capacities, man has demands and space has environ mental factors and for an harmonious environment, demands and factors must be balanced. Any definition of environment must refer to it's components. Environmental components are; IX * Land form It depends on topography and natural features of environment. Land covering It divides in two groups such as natural and cultu ral. Natural covering occurs by the effects of cli mate and natural conditions and cultural covering occurs by the effects of man. Distinguishing existing environments with each other happen by the effects of variables which influence the environment, These factors are; Physical differences Uision ; Objects (shape, size, height, colour, texture, etc), Space quality, lightand shade, greenery (man-made or natural), visual aspects of perceived density, new or old, well maintained or badly maintained, road pattern topography, location. Kinesthetics; changes of level, curves, speed of move ment etc. Sound; Noisy or quiet, man-made sounds, etc. Smells; man-made or natural, plants, flowers, sea, etc, Air movement, * Social differences People; languages spoken, behaviour, dress Activities; type., and intensity. Uses; Shopping, dwelling, cars or pedestrians etc. * Temporal differences Long term; changes in people in uses, etc. Short term; Type Df uses day and night,' days of week, etc. Character of environment related with climate and topography also includes the features of colour, texture and form of the environmental components. R.LJ. Brunskill had made - a research in this subject and emphasized visual characteristics of buildings. In this section, to define subject area Df the thesis, environment had been introduced with its specifications and the necessity of conservation for present environments have been emphasized related to the identity factor. Section. 3 In this section, the method of case study had been defined and selected area and sampling had been emphasized by the results. To implement the environmental components and building- charactheristics in the sampling area appropriate research technics are; documentation which helps to obtain the plans of settlement, the structure of topography, road pattern and structural features of the environment. Observation which is necessary tD determine the natural environment and structure of settlement. Recording works which are separated in to two parts such as photography and measure ments. Findings had been written on recording forms. The sampling area had been described according to its geographic and social features. In the case-study environmental components and buil ding characteristics had been tried to determine for Cum huriyet village. A typical street had been selected and the inquiry had been made for 12 houses in the sampling area. XI Informations had been evaluated by cross-tables accor ding to the building characteristic. As the conclusion, a general commentary as the reconstruction plan notes had been given at the end of this section. Section. k In this section, it had been pointed out that the inquiries derived out by this thesis might be useful for the local goverments in their trails to protect the cha racteristics of their environments. In the Bosphorous villages of Istanbul loosing charac teristic features and the identity by the effects af rapid urbanization might be prevent by environmental inquires. In this context, Cumhuriyet village had been evaluated related to natural and building characteristic features and the results had been shaped as desing guides. This thesis constitutes a base for conservating and evaluating Bosphorous villages and emphasizes the neces sity to study on 'this subject.