Metro Mekansal Organizasyonunun Yön Bulmaya Etkisi

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, mimari mekanların mekansal organizasyonunun, yön bulma davranışına nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu sebeple tez kapsamında yön bulma davranışının nelerden etkilendiği ve nasıl bir süreçle ortaya çıktığı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Metro yapıları kavramsal olarak ele alınarak bu yapılarda yön bulmayı etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğu araştırılmış, daha sonra da belirlenen metro istasyonları üzerinden karşılaştırmalı alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Alan çalışmasıyla mekansal organizasyonun kullanıcı hareketleri üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu incelenmiştir. Metrolar çağın önemli ulaşım araçlarından biridir. İnsanlar tarafından hızlı ve konforlu olduğu için tercih edilen bu ulaşım araçları her gün milyonlarca insanın ulaşımına imkan tanımaktadır. Gün içi kullanım yoğunluğunun ve yolcu sirkülasyonunun fazla olduğu metro yapılarında kullanıcı memnuniyetini artırmak önemli bir durumdur. Bu yüzden yön bulma davranışı üzerinde etkisi bulunan algısal süreçler ve fiziksel faktörler tez kapsamında kuramsal olarak irdelendikten sonra metro mekansal organizasyonunun yön bulmaya etkisi karşılaştırılmalı olarak alan çalışmasıyla desteklenerek araştırılmıştır. Mimari bir takım çözümlerle kullanıcı memnuniyetinin arttırılmasının mümkün olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, metro gibi karmaşık plan kurgusuna sahip yapılarda kullanıcıların yön bulması açısından daha etkin tasarımları olabilecek olan metro istasyon tasarımlarına fayda sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.Urbanization and increasing urban population lead to transportation problems. Reaching from a point to another point becomes a significant necessity in growing and developing cities. Subway systems are means of transportation for fulfilling this need. People prefer these systems because of their speed, safe and comfort advantages. It can be said that users encounter some kind of wayfinding problems in subways which have positive impact for urban life. Users have some difficulties to perceive the space because subways generally are underground spaces. Users also have difficulties to find their ways through there are so many choices among a lot of corridors and tunnels. These situations cause that insecurity, stress, discomfort and time wastage problems. The purpose of this study is presenting the effects of spatial organization on wayfinding behavior. In this study, relationship between space and behavior examines through subway spaces. Because of that, it is tried to explain what the effects on wayfinding behavior are and what kind of process that make it exist. It can be said that behaviors occur under influence of some processes. These processes, which effect our behavior and are approached as perceptual and cognitive processes, arise with information gained from environment. Behaviors are effected by these processes and also physical environment. Problems occur when physical environment cannot fulfill the necessities. Complexity of space and being inadequate due to orientation cause wayfinding problems. Having efficient design about wayfinding is important in the way of covering less distance and exposing less psychological effect like stress due to wayfinding. Wayfinding problems can be taken away by some extra attention in spatial design. Therefore, within the scope of this thesis, firstly processes and trans incidents style of behaviors are mentioned, then factors that effect the wayfinding are investigated by taking the underground spaces into consideration as cognitive and finally comparative field study is carried out on designated underground stations. The effects of spatial organizations on the user behavior are examined through field study. In field study chapter, relationship between environment and behavior that mentioned in previous chapters as conceptual is provided by the hypothesis of "spatial organizations of underground stations effects on wayfinding". Spatial organization of underground spaces are tried to reveal what kind of effect it has on wayfinding. For that reason, study starts with choosing two stations that have different complexity levels. While performing the study, both of the observational and spatial organization methods are used. User movements are obtained according to determined variables and observation data is gained for Levent and Mecidiyekoy Stations. Data which obtained with observation method and floor plans in which field study performed are analyzed by space syntax method and integrated by matching the data obtained from these methods. Obtained analyze results are interpreted with regards to wayfinding. In field study chapter, relationship between environment and behavior that mentioned in previous chapters as conceptual is provided by the hypothesis of "spatial organizations of underground stations effects on wayfinding". Spatial organization of underground spaces are tried to reveal what kind of effect it has on wayfinding. For that reason, study starts with choosing two stations that have different complexity levels. While performing the study, both of the observational and spatial organization methods are used. User movements are obtained according to determined variables and observation data is gained for Levent and Mecidiyekoy Stations. Data which obtained with observation method and floor plans in which field study performed are analyzed by space syntax method and integrated by matching the data obtained from these methods. Obtained analyze results are interpreted with regards to wayfinding.