Sıra ev tasarımı için bir biçim grameri modeli

Abstract

Konut mimarisine insan ve çevre ölçeğinde yaklaşıldığında, sıra ev plan tipinin dünya üzerindeki yaygın kullanımı dikkat çekmektedir. Boyutsal sınırlamalarla gelen,fonksiyonel ve ekonomik olma niteliği ile yaşayanlarına sağladığı kimlik, sıra evin kullanım yoğunluğundaki temel etkendir. Genellikle sosyal konut statüsünde düşünülmekle birlikte, kişiye sunulan sınırlı ancak, standart çevre bu tercihi arttırmıştır. Yüzyıllardır gerek kişisel gerek kamu çabalan ile oluşturulan sıra ev dizilerinin detaylı inceleme ve tipolojik çözümlemesi yapılarak, bilgisayarla parametrik tasarım modelinin kurulması, tezin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İlk bölümde konu ve tezin amaçlan kullanılan yöntemler açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde sıra ev, dünya ölçeğinde incelenerek,oluşum süreci ele alınmış ve bu planların içinde belirgin kurallara sahip İngiliz sıra evleri analiz edilmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm, günümüzde bilgisayarla tasarım konusuna yönelik, yapay zeka programlama yöntemlerini ve uzman sistem yapışım açıklamaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde uzman sistem modellerinin mimaride kullanımı incelenmekte ve tasarımda kullanılan biçim grameri modeli ile ilgili yöntemler anlatılmaktadır. Beşinci bölümde, İngiliz sıra evlerinin tipolojik ve geometrik analizi sonucu elde edilen biçim grameri repertuan ve kuralları bağlanımda, geliştirilen sıra ev biçim grameri modeli tanıtılmış ve Pascal dilinde programlanan algoritmanın uygulaması adım adım açıklanmıştır. Son bölümde, geliştirilen sıra ev biçim grameri modeli yorumlanarak, uygulama alanlan sunulmuştur.

All over the world, the row house type is used widely since especially 18th century. This type house generally answers to low income people that most of them has been migrated from rural to towns after the world wars. But nowadays, it is a prefential type in modern urban approach. At the begining chapter of the thesis, row house is analyzed at three sections. These are stages that the houses is investigated as type, using causes, constructing and topolojical characteristic. In the first section a row house plans are determined in context of world. According to collection of row plans in several dwelling regions, to take a shelter, people is build their own house adjacent to each other. So, the units ordering back to back, are formed rows easily. It is clear that, some general causes about this wide using of row houses are determined. These are ; Population Lack of landing Easy structuring Economical causes Religional causes Traditional causes Besides, row houses are preferred because of giving secure and standarts within. Row houses are a common house type in Europe, South America, North Africa and southern countries of Asia. These countries are ; India Holland England Egypt Mexico -VU- Corsika Colombia Philippines Row house units are rarely not in large. The limits specified among the 35 m2 and 60 m2. The ones less than 50 m2 are ; Mexico Corsika Colombia The ones more than this are ; India Egypt Philippines England Holland Second section is analyzed using of row houses in Turkey, especially in Istanbul. Some neigborhood like Beşiktaş Akaretler, Ortaköy Onsekiz Houses, Fener Balat rows where rows are commonly used are examined. Determination of all over patterns have been seen that their design and structuring characteristic are mostly different each other. Sometimes the characteristic of them can change from a street to other. So to simulate the design process of rows of Istanbul as a model of shape grammar is impossible. The aim of thesis is to analysis the type of row house and to generate a shape grammar model. In this point, it is need to design process in rules. The English row houses have special design process among of all world countries. In England, almost all plans of row houses are same as type of plan, dimensional constraints, functional, structuring and elevations process. In third section, having a regular morphology to simulate the design process traditional English row houses are studied detailed. Third chapter of the thesis is about artificial intelligent and expert system that is a part of developping computer science in last decades. In the subject of expert system the aim is to use a computer as working expert person's capabilities. In this context, some methods of artificial intelligent searching are examined and about future of the expert system's structure gives information. -Vlll- In te fourth chapter, the expert system in architectural design is determined. The philosophy of computer systems are supported by logic prog ramming and geometric representation. It is certain that there is a relationship between computer modelling and architectural design process. The design methods are represented design process in there ways, but both of them is used in modelling technique. These are ; Top Down (deduction) Bottom up (induction) Cased based reasoning All design methods operates some design tools. Some tools are used in all methods but, others are changed according to the method that ; 1. Common tools generic parametric 2. Special tools Top down prototypes rectangular dissections Bottom up productions shape grammar fractals Top down method bases on the idea of rectangular dissection.In the chapter,this method is examined with some translating several writers whose study about computer aided design. The techniques of top down method is exampled with a further model in this subject Palladian grammar. Bottom up method is studied with Mughul Gardens that is important model of patterns. At the beginning, the developed model of shape grammar of row house is given stage by stage. -IX- A knowledge based model of the computer programs was developed to simulate architectural design process by using the logical sequences of human designers. In the fifth chapter, the determination traditional English row house layouts are generated in these stages ; Determination the type of house layouts : At the point, the array of gardens in front and rear is important to classify plan type I, L, Z, T. Giving the dimensions : According to minimum and maximum dimensions of width and dept of plan, possible generation of layout is realized. If a value is not appreciate to dimensional consants, the programme refuse it. The arraying of function on ground floor plans : Firstly, circulation area as hall and stairs is determined choosing preferably by user. So according to prefence and given dimensions, the programme is defined number of rooms at width and dept of house. Secondly, function of the rooms on ground floor are determined as ; Living room Living-dinning room Dinning room Kitchen Kitchen-dining room Toilet The generation of the upper floor layout according to first floor layout In English row house plans, floor plans have same distribution of areas. Upper floor is for bedrooms and a bath which is on the kitchen. The wall representation : The arraying of open surfaces : With defined special rules about window and door, the prefent comes from user array open surface. Because of rear and front elevations are equal in Englih row house, the operation is applied on both. -x- The analysis of elevations : According to giving criteria, elevations are generated. The hight of floor is taken equally. All layout generation stages are based on the rectangular dissections and organization of shape. Topdown methods was used as a generation procedure starting a whole shape to new room dissections. At the end of the thesis is shown that using knowledge based computer design system, the methods of the human's thinking could formalize by creating simply the shape grammar model.