Avan proje evresinde bina maliyetinin bina maliyetinin bina elemanlarına dayalı olarak hesaplanması

Abstract

Bu çalışma; Bina üretim sürecinin avan proje evresinde bina maliyetinin planlanması ve kontrolünün yapılabilmesi için gerekli olan maliyet tahmin modellerini hatırlatarak. tasarlama evresi içinde maliyetin en etkin bir şekilde planlanmasına ve kontrolüne imkan veren elemanlara dayalı maliyet hesabı yöntemini açıklamak ve elemanlara dayalı maliyet analizi yapılabilmesi için gerekli olan eleman sınıflandırmalarının temel özellilerini açıklayarak, bir modelin geliştirilmesi çalışmasıdır. Türkiye'de üretilen toplu konutlarda Halkalı, Eryaman ve Sinanoba konut yerleşmelerinde gerçeklesen konutlar bu amaçla baz alınmıştır. Çalışmada seçilen binalar, daha önce 1993 yılında tamamlanan T.C. Başbakanlık Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı için İ.T.Ü. Mimarlik Fakültesinde yapılan " Mevcut Konut Yerleşmelerinde, Yerleşme ve Konut Binası Tiplerine Yönelik Maliyet Karşılaştırmaları, Maliyeti etkileyen Faktörler ve Veri Tabanlı Konut Maliyeti Hesaplama Modeli" adlı araştırma projesi kapsamında analiz edilmiş olan Halkalı, Eryaman, Sinanoba konut bölgelerinde yapılmış olan, plan tipi ve kat sayısı bakımından -Farklılık gösteren 29 bloktur. Birinci bölümde, maliyet kavramı üzerinde durulmuş, avan proje evresinde maliyet tahmin modellerinin önemi ve avan proje evresinde kullanılan maliyet tahmin modelleri kısaca tanıtılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, elemanlara dayalı maliyet hesabı kapsamlı olarak ele alınmış olup. tasarım aşamaları ile uyumlu maliyet verileri hazırlamaya yönelik mevcut "elemanlara cayalı maliyet analizi" sistemleri tanıtılmaktadır. Üçüncü bolümde. Halkalı, Eryaman, Sinanoba konut yerleşmelerinde olan, 29 konut baz alınarak yapılan elemanlara -dayalı maliyet analiz modelinin adımları anlatılmakta ve sınıflandırma sistemi tanıtılmaktadır. Ayrıca ölçüm kuralları belirtilmekte ve elemanlara cayalı maliyet analizinin uygulaması, elde edilen sonuçlar incelenmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde ise, elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirmesi yapı İntaktadır.

The effect of the building cost in the formetion guiet big decision are taken during the phase of general project. Depending on this the sots must be calculated and planed during the phase of general project so that the cost is minimum while producing a building. Aproximate cost carries diffent meanining for different people: Different people try to calculate the cost of the building within the direction of their own targets with different procesures. The proprietor is the most important decider in the first of the process. Proprietor's aim is to produce a building with maksimum benefit by using minimum expense. In this thesis it nas been mentioned about aproximate cost models suitable to the proprietor. COST OF BUILDING (Total Cost of Building; According to this definition cost of Duilding which is named as cost of project and is made up of: Cost of first investment + Cost of Usage + Cost of destroyment COST OF FIRST INVESTMENT: The cost of the first investment is the total of the cost used from the begining to the eno of the production phase of the building. The cost of the first investment can be collected under seven groups: i-Cost of building land 2-Cost of base structure 3-Cost of bu i 1 d i ng 4-Cost of vehicles 5-Cost of outside area and institutes 6-Cost of additional jobs 7-0ther costs. COST DF USAGE.» Cost of usage beings at the end of the production phase of the building a Damaged administration that can -vi- be used within the lifetime of the building. Cost of usage is a cost formed from attendance and repairment. COST OF DESTRUCTION: A building, that has completed its lifetime in a certain period and is impossible to be used anymore so it has to be demolished and it also includes the cost of the removement of the ruins. EVALUATION OF THE METHODS USED IN CALCULATING THE USED COST DURING PHASE OF FORE PROJECT: Especially in the first phase of the planning process the purpose is to supply the estimation of the building cost in the most correct and short way. These methods which are confirmed by the process with the total amount of measurable building greatness multiplied with a specific unit price which all depens on the principal of building costs calculation. Depended on every stage of the project in the project "phase, different cost calculation methods are being used. In the phase of fore project the methods used to calculate costs can be examined in two groups. The methods in the first groups can be named as analytical methods, the methods in the second group can be named as non analytical methods. Analytical methods are the methods in which the costs of existing buildings can be valvated stst istical ly and are methods turned in to models for future estimations. On the other nand there are non analytical methods. According to these technics the cost is calculated as tne mult ini icat ion of element quantities cefined at various hierarcnical levels in buildmq design and unit market prices Dt these auantites. ANALYTICAL COST CALCULATION METHODS: -Unit Method -Cubic Method -Superficial Area Method -Storev Enclosure Method -Reg rat ion Methods NON ANALYTICAL COST CALCULATION METHODS: In tne project phase the cost plans ana controls depending on the development of the project generally: -vi i-, In the stage of general project the building is constructed according to main functions, in more further stage the building is constructed according to structure units. Becouse of this in every stage to make an effective cost planning on account of the information system in the staff classification main functions should be divided into their components which ars structure unit. The bases of these thesis originated from a contract signed between the Turkish republic prime ministry residence complex administration headship and I.T.ü. Archicultrural, Faculty in October 1992. Accordingly associated Prof.Dr. Yıldız Sey, Doc. Dr. Murat Cıracı have prepared the research entitled "In the preset cople:-: locations comparative costs concerniny settlement and building types. Factors effcting the cost calculation model for completes based on data" INFORMATION ABOUT THIS INVESTIGATION: The plan of cross section end appearance that shows the architectural project of the buildings in the resident settlements in Halkalı, Eryaman and Sinanoba. The greatness of these buildings towards various economic and area indicators which have been expessed in the ratio to each other. Until the tools used in various dui lding specialities and information related with the cost of the bui lding. When information is taken as the main source in tnis study the procedure and basic steps of the study is given bell ow as f o 1 1 ows : Finally a spot list whicn gives the information in the places of use for any undifinea production unit. This has been brought into view by meetings setween people who are interested. This is a oroseoure wmsn has been made to help us gather productions under certain elemnt titles. In the next step it has neen veoreK to farm s. systematic, classification has been mtroducea in cetaii production quantities in peculiar to every ouiiding in def inat e calculation files whicn have been existing in the mentioned investigation. The multiplication of the unit price given in the 19S9 prosperity of Secratary of State with special prices according to the base of the building costs obtained. The Dui lding construction product costs within certain element titles have been arranged. While this study continues, in the 1/50 and 1/100 project belonging to every building measurment has been -vi 1 1 - explained in the third part. According io these measurment valves the products that connot be easily placed under determened titles have been gathered under- certain distribution rules. These distribution rules are also mentioned in the third part. As a next step the total of the costs of production which has been gathered under element titles determined in systematical classif acat ion. According to 1989 unit price sta-F-F costs, -For elements and according to base functions the costs have been determined. Systematic is as follows: I-Works of Ground Floor I. 1. Carrier part I. 2. Excavation and filling works. 1 1. Outer Wall II. 1..Carrier part I I. 2. Door-window 1 1. 3. Non-carrier body II.4.0uterwall covering I I. 4.1. To complete II. 4. 2. To finish II. 5. Isolation 1 1. 6. Concrete precast element III. Inner Wall I I I. 1. Carrier part III.2.Door II I. 3. Non-carrier body 1 1 1. 4. Inner wall covering 1 1 1. 4.1. To complete III. 4. 2. To finish 1 1 1. 5. I sol an en 1 1 1. 6. Other IV. Floor IV. 1. Carrier part IV. 2. Floor covering IV,. 2.1 To comniet.£ IV. 2.2. To fınısn I V. 3 « Ce i I i ng cover ı ng IV- 3.1 To complete IV. 3. 2. To ?:im = h IV. 5. Isolat ion IV. 6. Stairs IV. 7. Concrete precast element V. Roof V. 1. Carrier oar t V. 2. Roof cover i ng V. 3. Isolation.4. Concrete Precast elements.S.Tin works V. 6. Others Later on, these element cost which have been obtained are divided by the gross floor area in a biocK. Acording to 1989 unit prices TL/İİ2 BKA element costs and l > V i u their portions have been defined as percantages inside the total cost. « The average of the determined element costs have been while these averages where taken were separated in two ways. In the first procedure without considering the common speciality of building the average of 29 buildings have been distinguish as buildings with high story and low story. The TL/M2 BKA element average costs have been obtained differenty for high story buildings and low story buildings.