İnşaat sektöründe proje yönetim sisteminin pazarlanması ve uygulanması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada inşaat sektöründe edinilen tecrübeler ışığında proje yönetimi hizmetinin inşaat sektörü açısından gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu gereklilik göz önünde tutularak proje yönetiminin bir hizmet olarak piyasada pazarlanması ve piyasa şartlarında ne tür uygulamalar yapılabileceği görülmüştür. Piyasa tecrübelerini kullanarak yazar inşaat sektöründe ki bazı sorunları dile getirmiş ve bu sorunların büyük bölümünün çözümünün, proje yönetimi esaslarının uygulanmasıyla olacağını belirtmiştir. Proje yönetimi hizmetinin de ticari bir mal gibi pazarlama teknikleri kullanılarak pazarlanması gerekmektedir. İnşaat sektörünün ve inşaat yaptırabilecek her türlü kesimin proje yönetiminin varlığından haberdar edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak bu şekilde proje yönetimi uygulamalarının artacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışma sırasında ortaya çıkan gelişmeler umut vericidir. Proje yönetiminin gereklerini yapabilmek için insan faktörünün önemi vurgulanmış ve genellikle karar vericilerin özelliklerine göre proje yönetimi anlayışına yakın insanların özellikleri belirtilmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulama aşamasında pratikte yapılan ve gerçekleşmiş olaylardan bahsedilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar yazarı proje yönetimi konusunda oldukça tecrübelendirmiş ilerisi için daha büyük adımlar atılması için cesaretlendirmiştir. Çalışmada görüleceği gibi bir işin yapılabilmesi için gerekli en önemli adım olan başlamak kısmı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma amatör ruhla yapılan profesyonel çalışmaları anlatmaktadır. Bütün bunlar bir başlangıç olup ilk aşamada hedef Türkiyenin gelişmesi için gerekli olan iş yapma standartlarını yükseltip gelişen dünya inşaat sektörüyle bire bir baş edebilecek ve hatta ötesine geçebilecek bilgi iş yapma donanımını sağlamaktır.

During the past two decades there has been an unprecedented level of management challenge and innovation in Turkish industry which has generated an impressive output of powerful new management techniques.! 7 ] The quest of technology in the space age created explosive advances in the physical sciences which left in their wake a critical gap between management know-how and technological progress. To bridge this gap, a whole new generation of project management tools was developed. One of the most fundamental and far reaching of these management innovations was the project management approach, an exciting new concept of an organization as a totally integrated systems of operations. The purpose of this text is to provide builders and contractors with some practical and proven management guidelines for implementing the project management in the development of their organizations and the control of their overall operations. It has been prepared specifically for use by the large number of firms at the grass roots level of the construction industry, where the need for more powerfull management techniques is most urgent. However, the text also provides basic standards of management against which larger firms may evaluate the effectiveness of their organization development and operations control methods. The critical path method and project managements techniques are thoroughly reviewed and compared as to their advantages and limitations. VI The book then proceeds with a demonstations case to illustrate the applications of the project management approach for the planning, scheduling and control of some constructions programs. The demonstrations takes the reader from the inceptions of the construction program through its many stages of actual constructions operations : requirements planning, constructions planning, constructions scheduling, resource planning, resources scheduling, monitoring and controlling the flow constructions activities and resources and the management of the entire construction program as one completely integrated system of operations. The principles of organizations structures, the delegations of duties and responsibilities to the management team and the establishment of business systems and procedures necessary for day to day building management are explained in detail. In addition to defining what management tools are essantial for organizations development and control in building the text demonstrates how these tools are actually implemented through organizations charts, job descriptions, and systems and procedures which cover in great detail every major aspect of business administration in a building organizations. Operations planning is concerned with the balancing and control of all organization activities and resources associated with the accomplishment of the overall construction program It is the most fundamental function in the home builders scheme of operations for achieving the end goals of the organizations. Some of the operations planning functions: VII Finance:. Financial receipts and disbursements. Financial resources and flow. Financial balance and control Construction:. Construction capacity and resource requirements. Construction and resource flow plans. Construction work calendars and performance schedules. Construction evaluation and control tools There are fundamental procedural actions which must be followed in the development of operations plans for a building program. These actions involve:. Establishing planning goals to be reached in the construction program. Determining through requirements planning what construction activities will be involved and resources required for the construction program. Developing detailed construction activity and resource flow plans which serve as guideliness for reaching the goals of the construction program Planning goals, the most basic requirement for operations planning, establish the limits or levels of the builder's construction plan.[10] VIII countining resourcesı activity codesi time table Activity id resource flow? N resource detail? less » All activity resource base activi resources cash flow ? unit prices Figure. Project management system flow chart part.1 IX Activities resources Activities relations Time scheduling cpm Bar chart cash flow Resources Activities time time OK? check output Y cash flow OK? activity budget List Resource flow OK ? N » resource list END Activiyy duration find incorrect Aktivite change resource unit price change resources Figure. Project management system flow chart part.2