Sıvı Kristallerin Optik Ve Kalorimetrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
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Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Bu tez çalışmasında döner analizör yöntemiyle yapılan hassas çiftkırıcılık ölçümleri ve fotopyroelektrik ac kalorimetri ölçümleri 4-butiloksifenil-4’-desiloksibenzoat sıvı kristalinin nematik – izotropik ve nematik – smektik A hal geçişlerini incelemek için kullanıldı. Çitkırıcılık verisinden hata fonksiyonunu minimize eden nonlineer fit işlemleri sonucu hesaplanan nematik düzen parametresi kritik üsteli trikritik hipotezle uyumlu bulundu. Nematik ve smektik düzen arasındaki çiftlenim sayesinde 4-butiloksifenil-4’-desiloksibenzoat sıvı kristali için nematik – smektik A hal geçişinin ikinci dereceden sürekli bir hal geçişi olduğu gözlemlendi. Nematik – smektik A hal geçişinde, çiftlenim olgusu ve ısı kapasitesi, entropi ve düzen parametresi arasındaki ilişkiler kullanılarak çiftkırıcılık ölçümlerinden özgül ısı kapasitesi kritik üsteli bulundu. Fotopyroelektrik ac kalorimetri yöntemi ilenematik – smektik A ve nematik – izotropik hal geçişleri incelendi. Nematik – izotropik hal geçişi için nematik ve izotropik bölgede özgül ısı kapasitesi kritik üstelleri bulundu. Kritik üstellerin bulunduğu fit işleminden bulunan spinodal sıcaklıklar T* ve T** değerlendirildi.
4-butyloxyphenyl-4’-decyloxybenzoate liquid crystal material’s nematic – isotropic and nematic – smectic A phase transitions is investigated by optical birefrigence and specific heat capacity measurements. Rotating analyzer method is used to obtain birefrigence vs. temperature data. Birefrigence is associated with nematic order parameter through Vuks-Chandrasekhar-Madhusudana model. Nematic order parameter critical exponent is evaluated at nematic – isotropic transition and result is in accordance with tricritical hypothesis. Due to coupling between nematic and smectic order parameters, birefrigence data can also be used to investigate nematic – smectic A phase transition. Specific heat capacity critical exponent value is obtained by fitting various power law expressions, which yields results that lies between 3D XY and tricritical universality classes. Comparisons with literature validates the use of VCM model and approximations involved in calculations. Temperature behaviour of specific heat capacity, obtained from photopyroelectric ac calorimetry, is used to evalute specific heat capacity critical exponent and spinodal temperatures at nematic – isotropic phase transition. Critical exponents in nematic and isotropic ranges are in line with what triciritic hypothesis predicts. Literature review and comparison with birefrigence experiment in this study suggest that spinodal temperatures are better evaluated from optical data.
4-butyloxyphenyl-4’-decyloxybenzoate liquid crystal material’s nematic – isotropic and nematic – smectic A phase transitions is investigated by optical birefrigence and specific heat capacity measurements. Rotating analyzer method is used to obtain birefrigence vs. temperature data. Birefrigence is associated with nematic order parameter through Vuks-Chandrasekhar-Madhusudana model. Nematic order parameter critical exponent is evaluated at nematic – isotropic transition and result is in accordance with tricritical hypothesis. Due to coupling between nematic and smectic order parameters, birefrigence data can also be used to investigate nematic – smectic A phase transition. Specific heat capacity critical exponent value is obtained by fitting various power law expressions, which yields results that lies between 3D XY and tricritical universality classes. Comparisons with literature validates the use of VCM model and approximations involved in calculations. Temperature behaviour of specific heat capacity, obtained from photopyroelectric ac calorimetry, is used to evalute specific heat capacity critical exponent and spinodal temperatures at nematic – isotropic phase transition. Critical exponents in nematic and isotropic ranges are in line with what triciritic hypothesis predicts. Literature review and comparison with birefrigence experiment in this study suggest that spinodal temperatures are better evaluated from optical data.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013
Konusu
Sıvı Kristal, Çiftkırıcılık, Özgül Isı Kapasitesi, Döner Analizör, Fotopyroelektrik Ac Kalorimetri, Nematik – Smektik A Hal Geçişi, Nematik – İzotropik Hal Geçişi, Kritik Üstel, Spinodal Sıcaklık, Liquid Crystal, Birefrigence, Specific Heat Capacity, Rotating Analyzer, Photopyroelectric Ac Calorimetry, Nematic – Smektic A Phase Transition, Nematic – Isotropic Phase Transition, Critical Exponent, Spinodal Temperature
