Tatil köylerindeki genel kullanım ve rekreasyon alanlarının planlama ilkeleri

Abstract

Son yıllarda hızlı bir gelişim süreci içine giren ta til köylerinin genel yerleşim ilkeleri ile genel kullanım ve rekreasyon alanlarının planlama ilkelerinin ortaya ko - nulması; gelecekte planlanacak tatil köyü projelerine veri olabilecek etkenlerin belirlenmesi araştırma konusu oluş - tur maktadır. Araştırmada incelenen tatil köyleri, ülkemizin Ege ve özellikle Akdeniz kıyı bandında, ağırlıklı olarak son yıl larda üretilmiş ve bu konuda deneyimli kuruluşların iş - letmeleri altında olma gibi özelliklere sahiptir. Araştırmanın yöntemini ise, bu konuya ait kaynakla rın sınırlı olması nedeniyle; daha çok bazı mimari proje lerin, mimarların projeleri hakkında verdikleri bilgile - rin, konuya ait bazı dergi ve broşürlerin derlenmesi; ta til köyü yatırımcıları, tasarımcıları ve işletmecileriyle yapılan görüşmeler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümünde, son yıllarda hızlı bir gelişim süreci içine giren turistik tesislerin sayıların daki artışlar verilmekte, artışların değerlendirilmesi yapılmakta ve yeni turizm anlayışı ele alınmaktadır. îkinci bölümde, tatil köylerinin tanımı, doğuşu, ge lişimi ve diğer konaklama tesisleri arasındaki yeri açık lanmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, tatil köylerindeki eylemler ve mekan lardan bahsedilmektedir. Dördüncü bölümde, genel yerleşim düzenini etkileyen faktörler ve tatil köylerinin genel yerleşim ilkeleri ir delenmekte; tatil köylerinde oluşturulan imajlardan söz - edilmektedir. Beşinci bölümde, çeşitli tatil köylerinin genel kul lanım ve rekreasyon alanlarının planlama ilkeleri ve yaya sirkülasyon ilişkisi incelenerek genel kullanım ve rekre asyon alanlarının planlama ilkeleri ortaya konulmuştur. Altıncı bölümde, tatil köylerinin planlanması ve ta sarlanması aşamasında, yatırımcı, tasarımcı ve işletmeci lerin gözönünde bulundurduğu faktörleri ve onlara yansı - yan görüşler ışığında turist beklentileri sunulmaktadır. Yedinci bölümde, genel bir değerlendirme yapılmakta dır.

Bringing up the subject of planning principles of general layout and general utility and recreation areas of holiday villages which are in rapid development period during the recent years, forms the subject of research in determination and specification of effects which may be data for holiday village projects to be plannend in the future. The holiday villages which have been subjected to study and examination, have the properties and characteristics of being recently established and under the management of experienced enterprises on this subject and concetrated on Aegean and particularly Mediterranean Shores. The method of research consists of information given by the architects of the architectural projects, compila tion of certain, specific magazines and brochures and discussions conducted with holiday village investors, designers and operating managers due to the reason that the resources regarding this subject are rather limited. In the first section of the research, increases in the number of holiday villages which show rapid development in the recent years, are given and assessment of these increases is made and new tourism concept is dealt. It is also possible to scrutinize the developments in the tourism sector through increases in the tourist ical facilities and bed-capacities. Thus, average yearly increase rate of touristical facilities having tourism operation licence was 13.39 % and increase in bed- capacity was 20.26 to between the years of 1983-1989. It is observed that above-mentioned increase in the number of touristical facilities has grown up in the trend of group tourism called passive tourism and oriented to sun, sand and sea. Whereas concept of active tourism is becoming widespread xxxi nowadays opposing to dense concentration, showing great care and attention to the protection of environment and sporting activity oriented. In the second section, description, birth and development of holiday villages and their place amongst other hosting facilities is explained. The holiday villages are such hosting facilities with minimum 20 rooms providing sport and entertainment, amusement activities and services besides being erected nearby natural beauties and archeological values with comfortable staying facilities. The holiday villages ware discovered in the world during the following years of Second World War as a means to escape from fast, stressful and populated city life at least for holiday period and became into existence by French Establishment, Club Mediterranee in 1950 at Alcudia in Spain through the concept of "rural life-beauty of village life". The "village type life" philosophy being the concept of first holiday village has gradually changed in accordance with time and demands and consequently has taken the widespread hotel form as requirement of group tourism concentrated on sun, sand, sea instead of "tent type life" theme. The actions, operations and residence in the holiday villages are mentioned in the third section. We can study and examine the operations and actions in the holiday villages in two parts as tourist operations and service operations. Also, tourist operations are divided into parts as active and passive operations. Passive operations cover staying operation whereas active operations include recreation and common tourist operations. On the other hand, service operations can be divided into two groups as service-maintenance operations and administrative operations. The places in holiday villages can be scrutinize in five sections as residence units, general utility and recreation areas and service-maintenance and administrative buildings. The factors efecting the general layout order and principles of general layout of holiday villages are xiv discussed in the fourth section and images formed in the holiday villages are mentioned. The major factors effecting the general layout order of the holiday village are natural-artificial environment data, operation model -marketing group data, legal requirements and general image. Residential units, general utility and recreation areas, sports and services areas forming the basic functions of holiday village, shape up different layout order in accordance with the connection of the field to the sea. The layout principles are divided into three main groups as per field-sea relationship: o General layout principles on the facility areas having narrow seaside front and excessive deepness: General utility and recreation areas are required to be more closer to the sea thus, residential units are erected on the location away from the sea on the backyard of social center. Whereas sports areas having no important connection with scenery and panorama, is generally located on the distant place from the sea. o General layout principles on the facilities areas having long seaside front and narrow deepness: In the layout order being parallel to the sea and one side of the field where residential units. are located and on the other side sports areas and in the middle social center facilities are located, most of the general facilities have access and connection with the sea. o General layout principles on the facilities having equal distance of seaside front and deepness: Social center facilities and residential units desired to have connection with the sea are located as being parallel to the sea and sports areas having no important connection with scenery are located in a distant place from the sea It is possible to divide images formed on holiday villages into four groups, namely, images where neighborhood environmental referrence values are used, images where local architectural interpretation is made, images where samples of cultural and historical periods are exhibited and images where contemporary architecture is reflected. xv The planning principles of general utility and recrea tion areas are pointed out in the fifth section through study and examination of relationship between planning principles of general utility and recreation areas of various holiday villages and pedestrian circulation. We can praclaim the following general principles by the help of studies samples: o Almost all the restaurant of holiday villages are located near the seaside or having visual connection with the sea. o The restaurant bar of the restaurants located near the swimming-pool can offer service to the sun-bathing terrace. o Generally, separated volumes or movable surfaces on horizontal platform are formed in order to reduce the density and concentration on restaurant masses. o Swimming-pool and bar in the most instances are located nearby amphitheatre and stage backyard was not formed in cases where the stage is surrounded by swimming- pool from back. o Discoteque is placed in such locations for not disturbing residential units from viewpoint of being used night time and sound property. o Shopping centers are located in places through which passes can always be made or on entrance area near the reception square. o Children's club is located on such places being under supervision and control away from social center facilities. o General utility and recreation areas are being spread to covered and partly protected open areas. Special care is given to acquire places closed to some extension or with coverable property for the reason of using them low capacity seasons. The factors taken into consideration by investors, designers and operators during the stage of planning and designing of holiday villages as well as tourist expectations and andicipations under the light of views and opinions reflected to them, are presented in sixth section. The conclusions produced and arisen from the framework of discussions conducted with holiday village investors, designers and operators are as follows: xvi o Before determining the general utility and recreation areas in holiday villages, potential, prospective customer mass should be estimated, benefits should be obtained from analyses of other holiday villages, pools and interviews conducted with tourists, opinions of the tourism agencies and eventually, the decision must be taken in the direction of common views of investors, designers and operators following the assessment and appraisal of all these elements. o The factors taken into consideration by investors and designers during the planning and designing stage of holiday villages are in sequence, suitability to operation purpose and goals, conformity with local characteristics and economical factors and on the other hand factors taken into account by the operators are respectively, suitability to operation purpose and goals, economical factors and conformity with local characteristics and rationalism. Suitability for operation purposes, conformity with local characteristics and economical factor are forming the joint criteria contained in first preferences of three groups. o Modifications or extensions in holiday villages entered into operation according to designers in sequence, are increasing the capacity, environmental arrangements and creation of new recreation areas and modifications in generaly utility areas; whereas, according to operatiors, these are in sequence, elimination of technical faults and malfunctions, replacement of interior decoration, creation of new recreation possibilities and environmental arrangements. The creation of new recreation possibilities and different environmental arrangement are forming common factors included in first, important reason of two groups. We can connect and conclude the reason of two groups answers not being similiar to the reflection of modifications or extensions at different holiday villages. These modifications or extensions bring into light the requirement for correct estimation of prospective customers and preparation of definite, final requirement program and execution of capacity study before planning stage of holiday village projects. o In accordance with investors, major criteria emphisized by tourists within the possibilities and means of holiday villages are, in sequence, natural beauties, historical site, ruins, satisfactory and good climate and service, uncontaminated, Clean and clear sea water and variety of recreation means and in accordance with designers these are respectively visual and locational properties, good services and variety of recreation facilities, having convenient and easy useage properties and in accordance with operators, these are put in order of good services, usage property-variety of recreation facilities, visual and locational properties. In spite of the fact that there are differences in priority sequence, the common concepts contained in the preferences of three xvxi groups are visual properties, good services and variety of recreation facilities. o The criteria considered to be important by tourists within holiday village recreation facilities in accordance with investors and operators. are in sequence, water-sports and general sports areas, amphitheatre and in accordance with designers, these are listed in sequence as water- sports areas, amphitheatre and general sports areas. While water-sports form_ the first preference of three groups, general sports areas and amphitheatre form the second or third preferences. These conclusions indicate that sports activities are considered to be the most important factor and take the first place in sequence in holiday village recreation facilities.