Bazı Mono Ve Dinitrillerin Mannich Reaksiyonlarının İncelenmesi
Bazı Mono Ve Dinitrillerin Mannich Reaksiyonlarının İncelenmesi
Dosyalar
Tarih
Yazarlar
Ünlü, Cüneyt Hüseyin
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Mannich reaksiyon ile aktif hidrojen içeren bileşiklerden, doymamış bileşiklerin, pirazolin türevlerinin ve farmakolojik aktiviteleri de olan aminometil sübstitüye bileşiklerin elde edilmesi mümkündür. Aldehit, keton, ester gibi aktif hidrojen taşıyan bileşikler, formaldehit veya başka bir aldehit ve amonyak veya primer, sekonder aminlerle kondenzasyona uğratılırsa, aktif hidrojenin bulunduğu karbonda bir aminometilasyon gerçekleşir. Nitriller de siyanür gruplarının elektron çekici davranışı sonucu aktif hidrojen içerirler. Dolayısıyla Mannich reaksiyonu vermeye yatkın olmaları beklenir. Bu çalışmada asetonitril ve malonitrilin, sulu, bazik ortamda Mannich reaksiyonlarının gerçekleştirilmesi ve ele geçen ürünlerin çeşitli spektroskopik ve kromatografik yöntemlerle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda nitrillerin sulu, bazik ortamda değişen verimlerle Mannich reaksiyonu verdikleri saptanmıştır. Asetonitrille yapılan çalışmalar sıcaklık ve sürenin reaksiyon verimine ve ürün dağılımına büyük bir etkisi olmadığını göstermiştir. Ortam pH değerinin ise reaksiyonun gerçekleşip gerçekleşmemesi üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ele geçen ürünlerin ayırım ve saflaştırılması için uygun bir yöntem bulunamamış, yapılar karışıma ait veriler yardımıyla tespit edilmiştir. Malonitrille gerçekleştirilen reaksiyonlardan ele geçen ürün karışımlarının analizi sonucu reaksiyonun çözücü kullanılarak yapılması gerektiği gözlenmiştir. Çözücü kullanılmadan yapılan deneme sonucu daha çok büyük molekül ağırlıklı bileşikler ele geçmiştir. Ayrıca Mannich ürünü çözücü kullanılarak yapılan reaksiyonlarda %90’nın üzerinde verimle oluşurken, çözücü kullanılmadığında %30 oranında gözlenmiştir.
Unsaturated compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, and aminomethyl-substituted compounds, that also have pharmacological activity, can be obtained from compounds having active hydrogens with Mannich reaction. When an active hydrogen containing compound, like aldehyde, ketone, ester, etc., is condensed with formaldehyde or another aldehyde, and ammonia or a secondary or primary amine, there an aminomethylation occurs at the carbon that has active hydrogen. Also nitriles have active hydrogens, because of electron withdrawing behavior of cyanide groups. Due to this fact they are expected to give Mannich reaction. In this work observations of Mannich reactions of acetonitrile and malonitrile in aqueous, basic media, and examinations of products obtained with various spectroscopic and chromatograpic methods are objectived. At the end of the work it’s determined that nitriles give Mannich reaction in aqueous, basic media with different yields. In the experiments with acetonitrile it’s been observed that neither temperature, nor time has a great role in both yield, and product distribution. But medium pH has a great effect whether the reaction would occur, or not. A convenient way couldn’t be found for seperation, and purification of products obtained, so structures were determined by using the data belonging to the mixture. Analyses of products that were obtained from reaction of malonitrile have shown that a solvent has to be used for Mannich reaction of this compound. Experiments carried out without solvent leaded to mostly higher molecular weighted compounds. Also Mannich product has formed when the solvent used at a ratio over 90%, whereas it’s been formed about 30% from the reaction without solvent.
Unsaturated compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, and aminomethyl-substituted compounds, that also have pharmacological activity, can be obtained from compounds having active hydrogens with Mannich reaction. When an active hydrogen containing compound, like aldehyde, ketone, ester, etc., is condensed with formaldehyde or another aldehyde, and ammonia or a secondary or primary amine, there an aminomethylation occurs at the carbon that has active hydrogen. Also nitriles have active hydrogens, because of electron withdrawing behavior of cyanide groups. Due to this fact they are expected to give Mannich reaction. In this work observations of Mannich reactions of acetonitrile and malonitrile in aqueous, basic media, and examinations of products obtained with various spectroscopic and chromatograpic methods are objectived. At the end of the work it’s determined that nitriles give Mannich reaction in aqueous, basic media with different yields. In the experiments with acetonitrile it’s been observed that neither temperature, nor time has a great role in both yield, and product distribution. But medium pH has a great effect whether the reaction would occur, or not. A convenient way couldn’t be found for seperation, and purification of products obtained, so structures were determined by using the data belonging to the mixture. Analyses of products that were obtained from reaction of malonitrile have shown that a solvent has to be used for Mannich reaction of this compound. Experiments carried out without solvent leaded to mostly higher molecular weighted compounds. Also Mannich product has formed when the solvent used at a ratio over 90%, whereas it’s been formed about 30% from the reaction without solvent.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002
Anahtar kelimeler
Asetonitril,
Malonitril,
Mannich reaksiyon,
Aminometilasyon,
Acetonitrile,
Malonitrile,
Mannich reaction,
Aminomethylation