Türkiye ve Avrupa betonarme yönetmeliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Türkiye ve Avrupa betonarme yönetmeliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Dosyalar
Tarih
1993
Yazarlar
Havayir, Hakan Erdem
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Özet
Bu çalışma Avrupa Ülkeleri Komisyonu'nun (CEC) üye ülkelerde ortak kurallar sağlamak amacıyla hazırladığı Avrupa Beton Yönetmeliği (Eurocode-2) ile Türkiye'de yürürlükte olan Betonarme Yapıların Hesap ve Yapım Kuralları Yönetmeliğinin (TS 500) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ve tartışılmasıdır. Karşılaştırma da öncelikle Avrupa Yönetmeliği mümkün olduğunca orjinaline sadık kalınarak verilmiş, daha sonra da yeri geldiğinde TS 500 ile karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Böylelikle önerilen Avrupa Yönetmeliğine göre ülkemizde geçerli yönetmelikteki ayrılıkların ve boşlukların belirtilmesine çalışılmıştır.
This is a comparative research study and a discussion on the Eurocode for Concrete Structures which has been prepared by the Commission of the European Communities and the Building code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete in force in Turkey. In the comparison, Eurocode is described in its nearest originality and then compared with TS 500 where necessary. In this way it's tried to stated the differences between the proposed Eurocode and the code in force in our country and the gaps in the latter. As in many other engineering designs, the calculations on the concrete must also be in compliance with codes. The basic aim of codes is to prevent errors which may occur during the design and the construction and probably affect the safetv of the structure. Codes are legal documents and generally make by using the rules stated by boards whose constituents are authorized people. İn the developed countries, previous experiences and researches done in various aspects have been benefitted while the reinforced concrete regulations are prepared. The findings of the recent researches are tried to put into practice as much as possible. American Concrete institute and Europe Concrete Committee codes are the two international codes which influence the national codes effectively. Due to the fact that science and technological accumulation are limited in under developed countries, the thing done is the exact translation of certain national or international codes. But in the case of Turkey which is a developing country, national conditions and past experiences are taken into consideration when adapting national or international regulations and this may cause some differences. IX Experimental researches in reinforced which is complicated and doesn't fit classic theories play important role to direct the regulations and calculation. The findings obtained from the experimental researches, which gain a little more speed day by day, makes the reinforced concerete regulations change obligatorily very often. Because of all these reasons the examination of the regulations prepared by the commission of the European Communities has been considered to be useful and tired to be compared with TS-500. The change of the regulations in such short periods proves clearly that the principles try to reflect the best known for that day, not the definite and undisputable realities. For this reason, being dependent on the regulations and accepting everything said is wrong. What is more, it should be kept in mind that these regulations are prepared by a committee, decisions are given according to the votes and the preference can be for the most acceptable middling instead of the most appropriate one. On the contrary, an engineer planning and supervising the construction can be easily regarded responsible when there in damage or collapse. Therefore, doing whatever the regulations say shouldn't be done, but giving legal guarantee within its limits should be provided. The importance of the regulations prepared by CEC has been increasing for a country whose purpose is to contribute European Economic Community, like Turkey. The goals and studies if CEC are summarized below to explain the importance if Europe Eurocodes Regulations through the thesis. The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) has issued European Codes- the Eurocodes- for the design and construction of buildings and civil engineering structures. These codes are intended to establish a set of common rules as an alternative to the differing rules in force in the verious Member States and also to serve as a guide for the development of national rules. The Commission's programme for aligning the regulations, laws and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the safety, serviceability and durability of the different types of construction and materials provides initially for the following Eurocodes: common unified rules for different types of construction and material for concrete structures for steel structures for composite steel and concrete structures for timber structures for masonry structures - Eurocode No. 7- for foundations - Eurocode No. 8- for structures in seismic zones The objectives of the Eurocodes are to: promote functioning of the common Market by removing obstacles arising from differing rules provide common technical rules for on efficient application of the Council Directive on the coordination of procedures for the award of public contracts, which can be applied as an alternative to the national rules reinforce the competive position of the European Construction Industry and allied professions in countries outside the Community establish a harmonized basis for the intended common rules for building products; cf. proposal of the Commission for a Council Directive on the approximal of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products. Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete. It is subdivided into various separete parts. This Eurocode is only concerned with the requirements for resistance, serviceability and durabilty. Other requirements e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation are not considered. The Execution is convered to the extend that is necessary to indicate the quality of the contruction material and products which should used and the standart of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules. The following subjects are dealt with in Eurocode2 Chapter 1 : introduction Chapter 2: Basis of design Chapter 3: Material properties Chapter 4: Section and member design Chapter 5: Detailing provisions Chapter 6: Construction and workmanship Chapter 7: Quality control Chapter 1 and 2 are common to all Eurocode, with the exeption of some additional clauses with are required for concrete. XI Further parts of Eurocode2 which at present, are being prepared or are planned incluade the following Part 1A - Plain or lightly cinforced concrete structures Part IB - Precast concrete structures Part IC - The use of light weight aggregate concrete Part ID - The use of unbonded and external prestresing tendonals Part X - Fire resistance of concrete structures Part 2 - Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges Part 3 - Concrete foundations and piling Part 4 - Liquid retailing structures Part 5 - Temporary structures, structures having a short design life Part 6 - Massive civil engineering structures İn Eurocode 2 The following assumptions apply - Structures are designed by appropriately qualified and experienced personnel - Adequate supervision and quality control is provided in factories in plants and on site - Conctruction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience - The constraction materials and products are used as specified in Eurocode 2 or in the relavant material or product specifications. - The structures will be adequately maintaned - The structures will be used in accordance with the design brief. The codes TS500 and EC2 will be used respectively as symbols of Turkish building code and requirements for reinforced concrete and Eurocade for concrete structures, which have been compared with each other. Besides, the two following codes mentioned frequently through the study will be attributed as follows: ACI for the American Concrete Committee codes, CEB for the Europe Concrete Comities Regulations. Foundations aren't included to the comparison as it is out of the concept of EC2. İn order to make the comparison clear the parts which are about TS500 and the parts where the comparison made are written in boldface. It is clearly seen that the purposes Eurocodes in also very important for our country. The regulations gain importance from the point if view that it increases the competitivenes of our engineers working abroad. By means of these regulations it would be possible to solve the problems which might happen because if the different principles amory the countries. Comparison is made in four sections. It has been exammed under the topic if Basis of Design in the first section. İn this section definitions and classifications xn have been given and the methods of structural analysis have been mentioned. Further more, information about the security of construction has been given. In the second section, information about material properties has been given and characteristics of reinforcing steel and concrete have been explained in detail. The two regulations about the section and member design have been tried to be compared in the third section. The acceptances have been mentioned and the detailed information related to the ultimate limit states has been stated. İn this section, both regulations have been examined in the subjects of shear, torsion, punching, buckling, serviceability limit states and the differences have been tried to be stated. And the last section has been examined under the topic of " Detailing Provisions." The subjects such as anchorage of reinforcement, column, beams, slabs, corbels, deep beams have been examined according to both regulations and the differences have been tried to be stated.
This is a comparative research study and a discussion on the Eurocode for Concrete Structures which has been prepared by the Commission of the European Communities and the Building code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete in force in Turkey. In the comparison, Eurocode is described in its nearest originality and then compared with TS 500 where necessary. In this way it's tried to stated the differences between the proposed Eurocode and the code in force in our country and the gaps in the latter. As in many other engineering designs, the calculations on the concrete must also be in compliance with codes. The basic aim of codes is to prevent errors which may occur during the design and the construction and probably affect the safetv of the structure. Codes are legal documents and generally make by using the rules stated by boards whose constituents are authorized people. İn the developed countries, previous experiences and researches done in various aspects have been benefitted while the reinforced concrete regulations are prepared. The findings of the recent researches are tried to put into practice as much as possible. American Concrete institute and Europe Concrete Committee codes are the two international codes which influence the national codes effectively. Due to the fact that science and technological accumulation are limited in under developed countries, the thing done is the exact translation of certain national or international codes. But in the case of Turkey which is a developing country, national conditions and past experiences are taken into consideration when adapting national or international regulations and this may cause some differences. IX Experimental researches in reinforced which is complicated and doesn't fit classic theories play important role to direct the regulations and calculation. The findings obtained from the experimental researches, which gain a little more speed day by day, makes the reinforced concerete regulations change obligatorily very often. Because of all these reasons the examination of the regulations prepared by the commission of the European Communities has been considered to be useful and tired to be compared with TS-500. The change of the regulations in such short periods proves clearly that the principles try to reflect the best known for that day, not the definite and undisputable realities. For this reason, being dependent on the regulations and accepting everything said is wrong. What is more, it should be kept in mind that these regulations are prepared by a committee, decisions are given according to the votes and the preference can be for the most acceptable middling instead of the most appropriate one. On the contrary, an engineer planning and supervising the construction can be easily regarded responsible when there in damage or collapse. Therefore, doing whatever the regulations say shouldn't be done, but giving legal guarantee within its limits should be provided. The importance of the regulations prepared by CEC has been increasing for a country whose purpose is to contribute European Economic Community, like Turkey. The goals and studies if CEC are summarized below to explain the importance if Europe Eurocodes Regulations through the thesis. The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) has issued European Codes- the Eurocodes- for the design and construction of buildings and civil engineering structures. These codes are intended to establish a set of common rules as an alternative to the differing rules in force in the verious Member States and also to serve as a guide for the development of national rules. The Commission's programme for aligning the regulations, laws and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the safety, serviceability and durability of the different types of construction and materials provides initially for the following Eurocodes: common unified rules for different types of construction and material for concrete structures for steel structures for composite steel and concrete structures for timber structures for masonry structures - Eurocode No. 7- for foundations - Eurocode No. 8- for structures in seismic zones The objectives of the Eurocodes are to: promote functioning of the common Market by removing obstacles arising from differing rules provide common technical rules for on efficient application of the Council Directive on the coordination of procedures for the award of public contracts, which can be applied as an alternative to the national rules reinforce the competive position of the European Construction Industry and allied professions in countries outside the Community establish a harmonized basis for the intended common rules for building products; cf. proposal of the Commission for a Council Directive on the approximal of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products. Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete. It is subdivided into various separete parts. This Eurocode is only concerned with the requirements for resistance, serviceability and durabilty. Other requirements e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation are not considered. The Execution is convered to the extend that is necessary to indicate the quality of the contruction material and products which should used and the standart of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules. The following subjects are dealt with in Eurocode2 Chapter 1 : introduction Chapter 2: Basis of design Chapter 3: Material properties Chapter 4: Section and member design Chapter 5: Detailing provisions Chapter 6: Construction and workmanship Chapter 7: Quality control Chapter 1 and 2 are common to all Eurocode, with the exeption of some additional clauses with are required for concrete. XI Further parts of Eurocode2 which at present, are being prepared or are planned incluade the following Part 1A - Plain or lightly cinforced concrete structures Part IB - Precast concrete structures Part IC - The use of light weight aggregate concrete Part ID - The use of unbonded and external prestresing tendonals Part X - Fire resistance of concrete structures Part 2 - Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges Part 3 - Concrete foundations and piling Part 4 - Liquid retailing structures Part 5 - Temporary structures, structures having a short design life Part 6 - Massive civil engineering structures İn Eurocode 2 The following assumptions apply - Structures are designed by appropriately qualified and experienced personnel - Adequate supervision and quality control is provided in factories in plants and on site - Conctruction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience - The constraction materials and products are used as specified in Eurocode 2 or in the relavant material or product specifications. - The structures will be adequately maintaned - The structures will be used in accordance with the design brief. The codes TS500 and EC2 will be used respectively as symbols of Turkish building code and requirements for reinforced concrete and Eurocade for concrete structures, which have been compared with each other. Besides, the two following codes mentioned frequently through the study will be attributed as follows: ACI for the American Concrete Committee codes, CEB for the Europe Concrete Comities Regulations. Foundations aren't included to the comparison as it is out of the concept of EC2. İn order to make the comparison clear the parts which are about TS500 and the parts where the comparison made are written in boldface. It is clearly seen that the purposes Eurocodes in also very important for our country. The regulations gain importance from the point if view that it increases the competitivenes of our engineers working abroad. By means of these regulations it would be possible to solve the problems which might happen because if the different principles amory the countries. Comparison is made in four sections. It has been exammed under the topic if Basis of Design in the first section. İn this section definitions and classifications xn have been given and the methods of structural analysis have been mentioned. Further more, information about the security of construction has been given. In the second section, information about material properties has been given and characteristics of reinforcing steel and concrete have been explained in detail. The two regulations about the section and member design have been tried to be compared in the third section. The acceptances have been mentioned and the detailed information related to the ultimate limit states has been stated. İn this section, both regulations have been examined in the subjects of shear, torsion, punching, buckling, serviceability limit states and the differences have been tried to be stated. And the last section has been examined under the topic of " Detailing Provisions." The subjects such as anchorage of reinforcement, column, beams, slabs, corbels, deep beams have been examined according to both regulations and the differences have been tried to be stated.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1993
Anahtar kelimeler
Avrupa,
Betonarme,
Kanunlar,
Karşılaştırma,
European,
Reinforced concrete,
Laws,
Comparison