Water distribution system for smart cities

Abstract

It is obvious that water is very important to humans. In order to establish smart cities, water resources must be used suitably. Smart cities must be built with the necessary technologies not only for today's needs, but also for the needs of the future. Countries that do not use water resources suitably will become countries with water scarcity in the future. In this thesis, first of all, the importance of water and the countries suffering from water scarcity will be examined. In order for the water to meet the user, the water distribution facility must be constructed and managed appropriately. Water has a cycle. In other words, it covers a process from meeting with consumers to release water to nature. The components of the water distribution system generally includes pipes, valves, fire hydrants, tanks. In this thesis, information about these components will be given. Then, information will be given about the treatment of water taken from nature, treatment of waste water and releasing water to nature, and disposal of rain water with the drainage system. The water distribution system needs to be well represented in cities and especially in smart cities. To achieve this, all components of the water network should be well represented in a data model. Since there are various data models representing the water distribution system, choosing the most suitable one among them is an important issue. Some of notable models are Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), Land and Land Infrastructure (LANDINFRA) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Utility Network ADE. In this thesis, information about these data models will be given and the most appropriate data model will be eaxmined by comparing the aforementioned models. If the most appropriate data model is not used, there will be a loss of efficiency in water management in smart cities and the management of water, whih is a valuable natural scarce resource, will not be carried out properly. It will be emphasized that the most suitable data model should make a correct and sufficient geometric, semantic and topological representation of the water distribution system well. After choosing the most convenient data model, it will be emphasized at what level of detail the other data model matches the most suitable data model. Managing the water resource is as important as representing it well. It should be ensured that the water distribution system is controlled and monitored with the help of sensors and meters and that the water meets the users. In this thesis, Smart Grid and its relationship with Internet of Things (IoT) will be discussed. For this purpose, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards and solutions will be mentioned. The relationship between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and IoT and the relationship between Geographic Information System (GIS) and IoT will be discussed. Within the research of this study, it was determined that there should be a dynamic water management system in smart cities. For such a system, it is recommended to use a combination of CityGML Utility ADE and Sensor Web Enablement (SWE)