TBM tunnel excavation induced settlements and correlation with actual site measurements
TBM tunnel excavation induced settlements and correlation with actual site measurements
Dosyalar
Tarih
2015-03-12
Yazarlar
Demir, Korhan
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
Marmaray projesi Asya ile Avrupa'yı boğazın 60 m altından batırma tüp ile birbirine bağlayan 76.3 km'lik modern hızlı demiryolu taşımacılık sistemidir. Projenin amacı yolcu kapasitesini iki yönde saatte 150.000 yolcuya çıkarmak, toplam yolculuk süresini 185 dakikadan yaklaşık yarısına azaltmaktır. Marmaray projesinde 1 adet Toprak Basıncı Dengeleme (EPB) ve dört adet Bulamaç tipi Tünel Açma Makinesi (TBM) kullanılmıştır. Tünel açımı nedeniyle kaynaklanan yüzey oturmaları altyapılara, yollara, temellere ve binalara zarar vererek günlük hayatı etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, hassas oturma analizi yaparak yapısal çevreyi korumak için gerekli önlemleri önceden planlamak gerekmektedir. Tünel kaynaklı oturmayı tahmin etmek mühendislik açısından önemli bir konu olmaktadır. Oturmaya sebep olan bir çok neden varolmakla beraber, iki ana grupta toplamak mümkündür. Bunlardan birincisi zemin suyu kaybı nedeniyle çökmesi, ikincisi ise zemin kaybı nedeniyle olan oturmadır. Literatürde, tünel kaynaklı oturmaların tahmininde üç ana metod kullanılmatadır. Bunlar, ampirik metod, analitik çözümler ve nümerik metodlardır. Bu üç yöntem de yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Şehir tünelciliğinde, özellikle zayıf yapısal çevrede, tahmin edilen oturmanın hassasiyeti önem arz etmektedir. Kompleks ve karışık yapının bulunduğu zeminlerde parametrelerin çeşitliliği oturma analizini karmaşıklaştırmaktadır. Şartların iyi modelize edilmesi ile nümerik hesaplamalarda diğer yöntemlere nazaran daha hassas ve gerçekleşen ile daha uyumlu sonuçlar elde edilmektedir.
The Marmaray Project is a modern fast rail-track transportation scheme of 76.3 km connecting the European and Asian sides of the Istanbul City underneath the Bosphorus at a depth of 60 m. The objective of the Project is to establish a transportation capacity for about 150.000 passengers per hour in both directions and to reduce the present total travelling time of 185 minutes by nearly half. In Marmaray project, the tunnels were driven by one Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) and four Slurry Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) under a shallow cover. The tunelling process induces surface settlements that can cause damage to underground utilities and foundations and buildings and/or disrupt daily life damaging roads and pavements. Because of that reason, the sensetive settlement analysis should be made to take protective and precautionary measure in order to prevent the damages to built environment. Estimation of ground settlement caused by the tunnel excavation is important engineering point. Although there are a large number of sources or causes of settlement, they can be conveniently lumped into two broad categories: those caused by ground water depression and those caused by lost ground. In literature, three methods are exist to estimate the settlements caused by tunnelling, Emprical Method, Analytical Solutions and Numerical Method. Each of these methods are widely used. Precision of the predicted settlements becomes a very crucial issue for urban tunneling in case of a vulnerable built environment. The diversity of the involved parameters particularly under complex and heterogeneous soil matrix may intricate the prediction process. With good modeling of the conditions, the numerical calculations provided much more reliable results compared empiricial methods.
The Marmaray Project is a modern fast rail-track transportation scheme of 76.3 km connecting the European and Asian sides of the Istanbul City underneath the Bosphorus at a depth of 60 m. The objective of the Project is to establish a transportation capacity for about 150.000 passengers per hour in both directions and to reduce the present total travelling time of 185 minutes by nearly half. In Marmaray project, the tunnels were driven by one Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) and four Slurry Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) under a shallow cover. The tunelling process induces surface settlements that can cause damage to underground utilities and foundations and buildings and/or disrupt daily life damaging roads and pavements. Because of that reason, the sensetive settlement analysis should be made to take protective and precautionary measure in order to prevent the damages to built environment. Estimation of ground settlement caused by the tunnel excavation is important engineering point. Although there are a large number of sources or causes of settlement, they can be conveniently lumped into two broad categories: those caused by ground water depression and those caused by lost ground. In literature, three methods are exist to estimate the settlements caused by tunnelling, Emprical Method, Analytical Solutions and Numerical Method. Each of these methods are widely used. Precision of the predicted settlements becomes a very crucial issue for urban tunneling in case of a vulnerable built environment. The diversity of the involved parameters particularly under complex and heterogeneous soil matrix may intricate the prediction process. With good modeling of the conditions, the numerical calculations provided much more reliable results compared empiricial methods.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2015
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2015
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2015
Anahtar kelimeler
Tünel Delme Makinası,
Yüzey Oturması,
Tunnel Boring Machine Ground Settlement