Yeni Çeltek linyit ocağı havalandırma sisteminin etüdü

Abstract

Yeni çeltek Linyit İşletmesi Ocağında gerçekleştiri len bu çalışmanın amacı, mevcut havalandırma sisteminin etüdü, üretim yapılan pano ve üretime katılacak olan pano lar için gerekli olan hava miktarlarının nasıl karşılana cağının planlanması di r. Havalandırma şebekelerinin planlanması, gerekli olan hava miktarlarının sağlanması ve vantilatör tesislerinin tasarım ve seçiminde havayollarının dirençlerinin ve ge rekli hava miktarlarının doğru tespiti önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Yeni Çeltek Linyit İşletmesi Ocağında galeri kesit değerleri, hava hızı değerleri, belli kavşak noktalarındaki sıcaklık değerleri ve vantilatörlerin ya rattığı basınç farkları ölçmelerle tespit edilmiştir. Ölçmelerden elde edilen bu değerler kullanılarak şebekede ki kol dirençleri ve basınç düşüşü değerleri bulunmuştur. Hesap edilmiş olan bu değerler "Hardy Cross Tekniğinde" bilgisayar programına verilerek havayollarındaki hava da ğılım miktarları ve basınç düşüşü değerleri bulunmuştur. Panolar için gerekli olan hava miktarları hesap edi lerek bu hava miktarlarının toplam kol dirençlerinde yapı lacak olan değişikliklerle sağlanabileceği gösterilmiştir, Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda görülen aksaklıklar be lirtilmiş ve bu aksaklıkların nasıl giderilebileceği anlatılmıştır.

In the mining industry, inefficient ventilation has been the reason for production losses and many sudden disasters owing to explosion, fire and suffocation. Underground mining heath and safety regulations require a good control of the mine environment and this makes an efficient ventilation design more important. As the depth and mine area increase, ventilation design of mines becomes more complicated. The problems of mine ventilation are so different and sometimes very complex and difficult. To solition of the problems, requires a good knowledge on the mine and mine ventilation networks. A line diagram must be prepared and necessary parameters for the calculation of mine ventilation networks must be obtained by measurements in the underground. The aim of this study is to investigate the network and provide »sufficient air for the new panels which will be prepared. This study has been carried out between 1993 January and February. The necessary measurements for determining the airway resistance and friction factor was completed. The estimation of the results and recommendations which should be applied for the future works have been given in the thesis. The measurements, carried out in this study to determine the resistance are explained as below: i-Measurements of airway crossectional area (S) and average velocity (V), for the calculation of air quantity (Q) flowing in the airway. The quantity of airway (Q) flowing in an airway is not measured directly but is calculated from the average of 3 ' S (m /sec) Care should be taken in the measurement of the area particularly when the average velocity has been determined with satisfaction. The accuracy of the calculated air quantity (Q) depends on the accuracy of the measured average air velocity (V) and crossectional (S). Air quantity is the most frequently determined characteristics of the ventilation systems. In spot checks, measurements of Q in key airways indicate satisfactory or unsatisfactory ventilation network. In this study, the average air velocities were measured by using an anemometer. In the air velocity mesurements, the anemometer traversing method has been used. This is the routine procedure which is applied when measuring air velocities in mine airways. While the anemometer is running, it is slowly and steadily moved up and down a series of imagined vertical lines, so as to cover equal areas in equal time. The total period is usually one minute for a medium sized airway. The crossectional area of airways were measured by using a special instrument which was built by Yeni Celtek workshop. This instrument consists of essentially two graduated wooden lath, of changeable length, which can be rotated through 1800 in a vertical plane on a special table. This instrument has been set on the center of the airway bottom. The radial distance measurements have been made from the central point, and at observed angles (100); and these have been taken to the periphery of the airway. XI From the data so obtained, a scale diagram of the airway section has been prepared and the crossectional area has been read from this scale diagram by using a planimeter. Crossectional area has also been calculated from formula. ii- Measurements of pressure differences between two points in airway to determine airway resistance (R) from the following equation, which is called Atkinson formula: H - R. Q7 (kg/m.s2 ) iii- The absolute pressures have been measured with using a barometer in the entrances of the colliery. iv- The temperature of the air in the panels and galleries have been measured by using a classic thermometer. v- The pressure differences which is created by ventilators have been measured with using an inclined tube manometer. The manometer or "water gage" is a convenient instrument to be used between points fairly close together. According to the results of measurements, explained above, the airway resistances (R) have been calculated. The friction factors of airways have been calculated from the Atkinson formula below: H - R. Q* (kg/m.sz ) L. P R = C<. (kg/m7 ) Where? L is the length of airway, P is the perimeter of xii the airway crosssection, S is the crossectional area of airway and CX is the friction factor of the airway. Resistance values showed the condition of the mine airways. Certain factors influence the values of resistance. This factors are: sized of airway, airway lining, airway shape and air density. The natural ventilation pressure in pit has been investigated. Measured values for calculation of the natural vantilation pressure have been used in the formula below and the natural ventilation value were calculated. N.V.P. - H. (Vg - Vi) mmss(=pascal/9.81) Where; N.V.P. is natural vantilation pressure, H is the height of natural air column, #*i is the density of entrance air, $g is the density of exit air. After all of these calculations, the total pressure differences which was used for to solve the network problems, between entrances and exits were calculated. In this sutdy, also required air quantities for the panels were calculated with using below formula: 100 24. 60. 60 Q = (m * /sec) Where; Q is the required air quantity, q is the quantity of gas emission which escape from in coal, p is the required gas ratio in the air. After all of these calculations, a lot of plans were made how to provide the required air for panels. A lot of solution have been considered. To provide the required air quantity for the total airway resistance must be changed. This is enough for solutions. For this aim, to change the gauge door resistances is appropriate. Xlll The results of this research were explained below: i- Some of the airways is not suitable for passage of workers and wagons. ii- Cross sections on the gauge doors are not regular. These positions are not suitable for regulating the air quantities. iii- The control system for measuring gas rates have not been used enough because some of the sensors were broken down. For this study to be useful of, the plans must be carefully applied in the pit because some of the values are approximate such as the gauge door resistances. The sensors of gas control system have to be repaired and a person must check the measuring gas values on the control system screen.