Bilgisayarla şev stabilitesi probleminin incelenmesi ve Çan linyitlerine uygulanması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada şev stabilitesi ve problemleri incelenmiş, T.K.İ. Çan linyitleri işletmesi için uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk bölümde stabilite problemlerinin çözüm yöntemlerine ilişkin metotlar araştırılmış ve bunların uygulama sahası ile düzlemsel ve dairesel kaymaya ilişkin esaslar kısaca izah edilmiştir. Ödevin diğer bölümlerinde hazırlanan bilgisayar programının tanıtılması, çalışma esaslarının belirlenmesi, uygulama genişliği ve tipleri hakkında geniş bilgi verilmiştir. Ödevin son bölümünde ise programın değişik parametreler ile çalıştırılması ve şevlere tatbiki ile irdelemeler yapılarak pratik sonuçlar elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

The stability analysis of slopes plays a very important role in mining engeneering such as. Failures of slopes in this study is caused by movements within the human created fill, in the natural slope, or a combination of both. Slope failures involve such a variaty of processes and disturbing factors that they afford unlimited possibilities, of classification. For of failures, the kind of materials moved the age or the stage of development.eee According to most comprehensive references on londslide or slope movements is divided into five main groups: falls, shdes, spreads, and flows. A sixth graup, complex slope movements, includes combination of two ore more of the above five types. Recopnizing the form of slope movements is important because they dictate the methot of stability analysis. In this study, only the slide types have been discussed and theoretical analysis. Of these types have been explained. In this study, the stability analysis of the slopes is done by using computer. In the first chapter, theoretical explanation is given for the plane failure slope stability analysis, cylindrical slope stability analysis which can be called as Bishop slope stability analysis. The study especially was based on the factors of safety different kinds of slopes and embarkments. Because of engineering purpose. On the other words, the -ix- purpose of stability analysis is to determine the factor o f safety of a potential failure surface. The factor of safety is defined as a ratio between then resisting force and the driving force both applied along the failure surface when the driving force due to weight is egual to resisting force due to shear strength, the factor of safety equal =1" and the failure is imminent. Because of this, resisting forces must be increased. To make the factor of sofety bigger than "1". On the other hand, it must not be so high becouse of econonomical reality. In the second chapter, there is some explamations and description for plane failune slope. These failune planes may exist at the top or at the bottom of embarkments or at ony other locotion. However, the maximum number of falure planes is limited t0 three because of the program can only handle three bloks- If there are more than three planes, they must be approximated by three planes in order to use this computer program. If noplanes of of weakness exist, the cylindrical failure surface will be more critical and the second computer program, which was' based on Bishop method, should be used instead. Other wise, both programs should be used to determine which is more critical. The first program requires a storage space of 16 K and has the folloming features; - If the outslope is uniform, the program will calculate the weight of each block automatically from the input directions. If the outslope is not regular, the weight of each block must be calculated by the user. - Each blok has the same unit weight. - Static and seismic factors of safety can be computed, Seepage can be considered by specifying a pare pressure ratio. -x- - One problem or more can be run at the same time and minumum factor of safety can be found easily using this program. In the fourth chapter, using the cylmdricol slope stability analysis computer program is explained. The limitations and what kinds of slopes can be run with the computer program explained. Thatis, the program can be used to determine the factors of safety of slopes on a cylindrical failure surface. A major advantage of the second program is that it reguires a very little computer time to run and compute the lowest factor of safety. This is made by using an efficient method which is made by numbering the boundry lines for different soils and controlling the number of circles. A large region can be searched and examined and the minumum factor of safety can be determined. The second program's features are briefly described as follows: Slopes which consist of different kinds of soil layers can be examined. Seepage would be considered by specifying a piezametric line or pore pressure ratio. - Static and seismic factors of safety can be computed. Normali method and simplified Bishop method can be used to determine the factors of safety. This program which has got more flexibility by mears of radius control, one or more radius control zones can be set up. -xi- The factors of a safety at a number of Individual centers or at a group of centers, which form grid, can be determined. By selecting one or more trial centers, a search routine can be activated to locate the minumum factor. In order to obtain the minumum factor of safety automatic search can be used. The second computer program requires a storage space of 76 K and, this program consist of one main program and three subrautine program. The main program which is used to locate the center of circles. The defining of the nadius is done by the main program. It is necessary, more additional circles can be added. The mam program especially is used to determine the lowest factor of safety. The first subrou tine determines the factor of safety, which is given by the main program with the radius and centers. The second subroutine is used tostore the factors of safety which belong to severall circles. Running of the program which is based on the numbering of boundry lines. This method makes the running time shorter. In the fifth chapter, same explanation for open pit mines, rock, slope movements are done about ÇAN and slope stability problems and landslides which is very big problem for this region. etc, The features of the coals, calorific value, moisture Are given Geographical features, climate, rivers which -xii- are very ımportont for the open pit mines, In the last chapter, according to knowledge which is taken from ÇAN colliecy. Computer application*' is done by using the second program. Finally, Tah ' e 6.1, Table 6.2 are done, the results, which are obtained from the application, have been explained.