Kırşehir'de Orta Gelir Grubu Konut Kullanıcılarının Yıkanma Alışkanlıkları Ve Sahip Oldukları Banyo Mekanlarının Performans Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada orta gelir grubu toplum kesiminin sahip oldukları banyo mekanları ve bu mekan içerisinde yer alan ekipmanların performans özellikleri ve kullanım organizasyonunda ortaya çıkan aksaklıklar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın oluşturulması sırasında, konu ile ilgili kaynaklar incelenmiş ve orta geiir grubuna dahil 30 banyo örneğinin -rol öve ve fotoğraf çekimi yapılmıştır. 5 bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın odak noktasını 4. bölüm olan banyo ve kullanıcısı arasındaki etkileşimin sosyal boyutu oluşturmaktadır. Bu bölümlerin içeriği aşağıda özetlenmiştir. 1. bölümde, konuya giriş yapılarak, çalışmanın amacı ve kapsamı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca banyo mekanlarının, konut içindeki yerinin önemi vurgulanmıştır. 2. bölümde, " Banyo Mekanmm Tarihsel Gelişimi" bölüm başlığı altında, banyo mekanının genel olarak tanımı yapılmıştır. Banyo ve yıkanma eyleminin, farklı kültürlerdeki uygulamaları, bu e} iemin gerçekleştirildiği binaların iç bölümlerinin ve kullanım biçimlerinin incelenme.i ile ortaya konulmuştur. Tarihsel gelişim ile günümüz banyo mekanının oluşumu açıklanmıştır. 3. bölümde, " Banyoda Eylem Alanları ve Sağlık Gereçleri" ele alınmıştır. Banyo tasarım ilkelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, bu mekanda kullanılan sağlık gereçlerinin fonksiyonel kullanımlarına imkan verecek eylem alanları, kişisel bakım ve konut bakım-temizliği olarak iki başlık altında incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde, ayrıca banyo mekanında kullanılan sağlık gereçleri ve armatürler tanıtılırak, eylem alanlarına ve mekan organizasyonuna temel teşkil eden standartlar verilmiştir. Konuyu açıklayıcı çeşitli tablolar, sağlık gereçlerinin biçimlerine ve kullanımlarına ilişkin şekiller verilmiştir. 4. bölümde, "Banyo ve Kullanıcısı Arasındaki Etkileşimin Sosyal Boyutu" bölüm başlığı altında, orta gelir grubu toplum kesiminin sahip olduğu banyo mekanları ile (geçmişten gelen yıkanma alışkanlıkları gözönünde tutularak) kullanıcı ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Sosyo-kültürel değişimlerin etkisiyle bugünkü standartlara erişen banyo mekanlarının fonksiyonel kullanımlarına ilişkin problemler, kullanıcının bu mekan içerisinde yeralan armatür ve sağlık gereçleri ile kurulan ilişkilerinin saptanması ile ortaya konulmuştur. 5. bölümde, "Araştırmanın Yöntemi ve Analizi" açıklanmıştır. Smıriarı belirlenen çalışmada, araştırma metotları ve anket formlarının hazırlanma kriterleri açıklanmıştır. Orta gelir grubuna ait 30 denek üzerinde, banyo mekanı ve bu mekan içinde bulunan- ekipmanların kullanımlarını belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmış bu formların sonuçlan değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç ve önerilerde, edinilen bilgiler ve anket çalışmalarının analizi yapılarak orta gelir grubu konut kullanıcılarının sahip oldukları banyo mekanları-kullanıcı ilişkisi üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuş ve öneriler getirilmiştir.

In this study, middle income group having bath places and place sanitary wears proporties of performance and troubles at using organization have been examined. In house necessity program, washing and cleaning actions, having importance for health in the bath places are existed. Purpose of this investigation is not washing action habit that having our society and bath places setting up on this parameters. Effecting of different culturel on bath places and user have been investigated, and building-human-surroundings with relation health rigging (habits of society suitable washing in bath place) entegration must been provided on society. Studying is includes five chapters. Focus point of studying are formed in the fourth chapter "between bath and user action of social dimension". The first chapter deals with the purpose and contents, the importance of bath place, washing action on society and house necessity program. In the second chapter, bath place is general explained. Applying of bath place and washing action in the different culture are explained. House plan that realizing this actions and using shapes have been explained. Developing of bath places in historical process and bath comprehension have been explained. Historical process at the bath places are started with Antique Greek culture. Bath place is developed by historical ages, bath places at different culture are eximaned and explained below. Thus; - Bath at the Greek - Bath at the Roman - Bath at the Middle Age - Bath at the East Culture - Bath at the Islam Culture In the Antique Greek, importance of washing action both soul and body health from the point of view have been explained. In this times, washing action is admitted to be renew and have been seen as a social duty. Government has been built very big and splendid hot room in the city centers. Part that making hot and cool shower and gymnasum arounded with wall that making jimnastic, speaking and rituals are founded in the hot rooms. In this period, special bath departments are found in the remains palaces. Human pictures that washing under flowing water have been found on the vases at the Ancient Greek. In the Roman hot rooms, the hot room at the Greek palaces are taken model and improved. Vapor or hot, dry air bath, rubbing part are settled up in this hot rooms. The interior section and purpose of using are explained below; Palastra: At the Antique Greek and Roman, physical education spot and wrestling school. Columns are rotated and upper of the places is empty. Humans had made gymnastics in there. Apoditenum: At the Roman hot room, humans undresses theirself at this section. After wanning actions, humans rests in this place and undresses oneself for washing action. Tepydanum: At the Roman hot room, Before entering washing place, humans trains oneself to hot and sweat in this place. Caldarium: At the Roman hot room is washing place. This place is warmed with hot air from to warming center. Hot and cold water ponds are existed in this places. Unctormm: At the Roman hot room is rubbing place before entering Caldanum. Locan i cum: At the Roman hot room is used as vapor bath. Fngidanum: At the Roman hot room, swimming ponds is found in this place. Prafurnium: At the Roman hot room, is warming center of building After Roman Empire have been collapsed and Christianity acceptanced, Compherension of giving importance soul instead of body have been refused. Human have not give importance to personal cleaning. At the 1 1. century, special bath places are seen at monastery and castle. At the 1 3. and 1 5. centuries, sanitation center setting up -m monasteries is refreshed to Romans tradition. At this times in France, peoples were being washed pair, but it have been prohibitted after. However, this action have been continued at the France period of 15. century. At 16. century, health conscious have been increased. The idea that body care did not insert to danger soul have not been admitted and termal springs have been opened. With Renaisance, importance of cleaning and sanitary plumbing is understood again. The East society had entered water for making purity to their soul and body. The first readiness of rising to God stiff cleared body and soul. At that period of time, ancient Indians, Iranian;», Asunians and Jews have been worship at religious place after cleaning bodies and this situation are made clear to their holy books. At this reason, lot of hot rooms and hot springs have been built. Washing and wc habits that seeing at the East society have been grow up at the Islam culture. Hot rooms have been gained importance at the Islam, Greek and Roman culture. Society has been realized washing action at the hot rooms constructed in the city centers. Roman and Greek had made jimnastic games in the open places..But this action is not found at the Islam cultures. xi Undressing: Humans undress in this places. Coldness: The place which body are trains oneself to hot and sweat before entering hot room is Coldness. Warmth: It is washing place. Independent washing section and naul stone in the middle of this place, are formed two section. On the naul stone, sweating, rubbing and massage actions have been done. This section is very hot place. Külhan (the boiler room under Turkish bath): The place is warming center of hot room and water plumbing from distributation center. In here, hot and cold water stores are found. At the improving technology and industrialization process, humans are seen a piece of poduction mechanism and washing actions have been started to make as quickly and functionaly in the own' s bath. Starting at middle of.1 8. century, the bath places that could be replyed all of the wish and needs are constituded. In this times, stove systems with using bathtup are developed at the Kngland. Getting of the arrangment portable bathtub with stove as technical is seen the civilization level. In this system, even washing water in the bathtub and washing place have being warmed. At this era, sewer systems are constructed in the cities and water have been distributed to apartments. Result of this developings, this questions are exisied. 1. How is meaning of the bath places in the house, 2. How is the relation between bath places and other rooms in the house. At the leader of 19. and 20. centuries, the sanitary wears with industrialization have produced as mass production. In this way, middle income group could be used this sanitary wears cheaply. Standart sizes are stabilized and gained a formation to the bath place and bath width is admitted by 5 foot. Bath places with technological developing have been produced as prefabric a production. In the third chapter, washing-cleanliness action place in bath and sanitary wears- armature have been examined, for defining the bath place, all of the health actions by realized users have been analysed. Bath, which response to purpose of healthy and care and is being used in washing actions a necessary, is a place. The bath cleanliness action are here below. 1. Action places for personel care and cleaning, - Taking a shower-washing actions place - Hand-face-foot washing action place - Excretion-cleaning action place - Shaving action place xn - Making up oneself action place - Hair washing-drying action place - Washing teeth action place 2. Action places for house maintenance and cleaning - Laundry washing-drying action place - Making cleanliness action place - Storing of clean-dirty laundry - Storing of cleanlines materials - Preparing of hot water In the bath place, separeting of excretion and cleanliness actions, bath place will be so comforts and hygenic. Armature and sanitary wares in using bath place, giving plan and diagram have been introduced. In study forming, has been recoursed to TSE publications. Although for shapes, in the market, existing and solding catalogues profitted. Many of the sanitary wares have been appeared as an Europe social' s product like wc pan, bidet, shower tray etc. Separately also, bath bowl about, using in our society, are given detaily explanation. The focus point of this investigation occur the fourth chapter. In the chapter, "Bath and User Relation Effecting Social Dimension" have been analysed. The bath place belonging to the middle income groups and using performances of sanitary wares in tlm place are examined and not to be between society and bath place entegration are emphasized. Subject examined as a social problem; culture, social structure, social dc eloping and as a result social problem at the main title beneath, have been explained. In the respect, firstly, the meaning of culture is touched and structure of our society have been explained. Relation between culture and social structure and social values of existing from this, have been analysed. Problem is bring up into public view. In our country, when the middle income group' s social structure, bath place and washing action habits are examined, relation between bath and user is not seen satisfactory. Our society structure is occured by inheritance of centuries have dynamic and mobile structure. It takes in Islam religious, Ottoman Empire' s culture. Cumhuriyet culture. In Turkey after II. World War, developings which are backbone of contemporary civilization level reflecting into our social structure, that is middle level, come into being. The speed of transition to industrial life from agricultural life is caused of necessity house because of increasing'population. Consequently, in a lot of field, buffer mechanism are inserted session for catching on the contemporary civilization level and it is admitted at specific proportion. This situation is occured at bath places and sanitary wears also. Our society belonging to East society, are introduced with wash basin, wc pan and shower tray in bath which using ibrik, bath bowl etc. Using of the bath places, creating new behaviors peculiar to oneself by population shows existing of the social problem. For solution of this problem, between sanitary xiii wears which use in the bath places and personal desire and expectation must been acceptable. Today, at the fundemental of certain expection from bath in house, importance of washing action habits are considered. For solution of this problem, below, - Getting hot water, when it want, - Getting possibility of washing under flowing water, - Having enough warm and air, - Getting certain comfort, after washing action, have been realized. This expection generally has been arranged below, - Comfortable of place - Security of place - Suitable to user. According to this criterions, today, with nothing of the sanitary wears and armatures which used in middle income group' s bath; is set up satisfaction relation. The necessity of removing spoil at using this sanitary wears is cleared up. In the fifth chapter, investigation direct and analysis has been explained. An area studying has been made and some meeting have been done with thirty women pruned during this studying, and the proceeds, which form simple mass, have been selected from middle income group. In research ment from investigate technical face, to race meeting method has been selected, poll, determining and observation are used as investigation methods. On subject prepared poll forms, bath users pair of answer provided, objective result of arrive studied. Thirty bath survey are photographed and washing action before and after, person who live m house have been watched. Obtained data have been evaluated with percent, determining frequency and weighted average, criterion' s. These result have been obtained during area studying. In this investigation; - Proportiesofuser - Proporties of house - Proporties of bath* s comfort - Relation between users- actions analysis - Action in bath relation analysis - Determination of making changes and desires in bath, have been determined. Creating of house people in families have been meet changes between 1 and 6 people. %90 of whose participate in inquiry are from Kırşehir. %47 of provides for be pleased from district of. their house, %23 for economic, %27 for be pleased from house preferred their houses. xiv Creation of bath changes between 4.7-9.8 m2. %100 of proceeds are not using bath and toilet together, All of 1 1 proved who hane basin in their baths are pleased from dimension and height of basin. In consequence of area studying has been made, bath size is not proportional with house size in different size houses. It has been stabilized that user dimension. Directed to activities in place at designing and application phase, place dimension and performance measures hane not been determined and in consequence of this case the actions in bath place have been moved to other places. Washing linen and hair drying criteria. It has been determined that people, who use house, greatly modify wet volumes, during modifying they use equipmant and material have been selected by themselves. This case makes thinking of that wet requirements must be firstly during designing and application. In our country, because of not been determined of user and place dimension directed to activities, place unit area and dimension values, place standards and performance criterion' s for house baths while using these places user falls physical and psychological disquits. I because of these reason, firstly, user necessity and requirements must be determined for populations, have different sociol economic and cultural structure. When action in bath place has been investigated, it has been determined that this place is required being approprate to our washing action habits.