Cloud computing in maritime transport for data collection: Cyber security risk analysis with FMECA method

Abstract

In the past decade, digitalisation has become more significant. The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies is essential within the context of digitalisation. Many researchers are investigating these technologies' challenges, barriers, and readiness in various sectors for increased digitalisation. Among the industries, the maritime industry is crucial for global development, and shipping is an essential sector that serves as the cornerstone of international trade; approximately 80% of global trade volume and over 70% of global trade value are transported by water and controlled through ports worldwide, making the maritime industry an essential actor in international trade. Consequently, its advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies are of paramount importance. After assessing the technology adaptation of other sectors, it is evident that the maritime sector faces greater challenges in adapting to new technologies due to its remote operations. In this regard, research has been conducted on the technologies investigated in the maritime sector. Consequently, it has been determined that there is a lack of work on topics such as 3D printing and Cloud computing. Big data analytics have been studied widely in the maritime sector, but the challenge of obtaining data from ships is highlighted, which negatively impacts the creation of a big data environment. The data generated on the vessel through the sensors is high-quality, but obtaining meaningful output that leads to faster advancement in the industry is challenging because of the incapabilities related to storage, processing units, and the person who can analyse it. Cloud computing systems that offer data storage without upfront installation expenditures are suitable for overcoming challenges and generating big data in the maritime industry, which is a key technology for advancement in this sector. This study focuses on four main things. First, it focuses on the data produced on the vessel and whether it is standardised or not. Secondly, it proposes a methodology that inherits cloud computing to create a data pool to enable big data analytics to aggregate the data generated by the ship's sensors and extract meaningful insights by transmitting that data to the cloud area. Thirdly, it discusses the cyber security of the proposed methodology and its final contribution according to the E-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization.