Kasımpaşa Un Fabrikası Restorasyon Projesi

Abstract

Bu tez çalışmasında, İstanbul Beyoğlu ilçe sınırlan içerisinde kalan, Bedrettin Mahallesi, 927 no'lu ada üzerinde bulunan tarihi Kasımpaşa Un Fabrikasının rölöve çalışmaları ile bugünkü durumunun tespit edilmesi ve ikinci derecede tarihi eser olarak tescilli olan yapıya kendi içsel ve çevresel özellikleri ili uyumlu bir yeniden küllimin önerisi getirilmesi amaç edinilmiştir. 19, Yüzyılın ikinci yansında. Sultan Abdülmeeit döneminde bir sanayi yapısı olarak inşa edilen febrika, 1846 tarihli Büyükada Değirmen'inden sonra İstanbul'un en eski un fabrikalarından biridir. 12 Ocakl852'de inşa izni çıkan değirmen binası ve 1928 yılında eklenen ikinci ve üçncü depo binalan ile değirmen kompleksi büyük bir alana yayılmaktadır. Üç yapıdan oluşan değirmen kompleksi üzerinde rölöve çahşmalan klasik meîodîar uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mekanlar harf ve sayılardan oluşan bir kodlama sistemi ile isimlendirilerek tanımlanmış ve fotoğraflarla mevcut durum belgelenmiştir. Binanın tarihlendirümeşinde* binanın tapu kayıüarmın yaraşıra 19 yüzyılın ikinci yansı yş 20, yüzyıhn bışlantıda hajjrlaıamş hMtgtafîdan yarifflimlmıştır, Aynça, binanın son sahibinden alınan yipuun 1941 yılına ait rölöveşi* restitüşyon aşamasında çok yardımcı olmuştur, Binanın tarihsel incelenme sürecindi konuyla bağlantılı farkh alınlarda gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmalar da tez kapsamında iraftsrıîmışür, Bu tip başlıklar arasında; OlOianh Devleti'nde sanayi yapıları ye un : bölgenin tarihçesi şa Bu tezde her geçen gün biraz vt yeni bir işlev ile sftrej bütünleme gibi müdahale özellikleri düşünülerek önjörülmüştür. olan ilk sagiamaK önerilmiş^ ayrıca ve sanayi yapılarından birini kurtarma temizleme» sağlamlaştırma^ yapının konumu ve mekansal olarak değerlendirilmesi

In this thesis, Kasımpaşa Flour Mill which is between the maritime arsenal (Tersane) and the Kalyoncular Barracks is studied. The Kasımpaşa Mill which was built in 1852 while Abdülmecit was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. It was one of the oldest among the mills in İstanbul. After a mill in Büyükada had been built in 1846, several mills were costructed in Unkapam, Göksu, Hasköy and Kasımpaşa in the same period. Paşalimanı and Cibali Mills were constructed later, probably in 1858. The flour mill which consists of an old production area and two warehouses situates on a quite large area. The warehouses which were constructed in 1928 are in better condition than the mill. The oral information on the recent history of the mill was provided from last owner of the building and additional information was gained from an architectural survey which was prepared in 1948. Pervititch Maps were extremly necessary for the restitution drawings. The flour mill which has not been used since 1984 is registered as a second degree building. It is suggested that, there was a need of having it repaired with minumum cleaning, conservation and renovation. As the original function is not proper for the current area, it iş proposed to be used for cultural center consists ofexhibition halls, library, studios and related offices. The restoration project is designed according to the principle that new functions should be applied to the building without destroying the mass and space characteristics of it. This study comprises five chapters; Chapterl introduction 1. 1 The Evolution of the Grinding Technics and Flour Mills 1.1.1 The Evolution of the Grinding Technics 1.1.2 The Evolution of the Prime-movers of the Mills 1.1.3 The Process of Grinding Flour in the Roller- milling xn 1,2, The Industrial Buildings and the Flour Mills in the Ottoman Empire Chapter 2 The History of the Complex and It's Environment 2. 1. The History of the Kasımpaşa 2.2. The Introduction of the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill Chapter 3 The Analysies of the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill 3.1, The Main Features of the Plan 3.2, The Structural and Material Analysies of the Complex 3.2.1. Foundations 3.2.2. Walls 3.2.3. Floor 3.2.4 Columns 3.2.5 Roofing 3.3, The Analysies of the Space 3.4, The Analysies of the Facades 3,4, 1 North Facade of the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill 3.4.2. East Facade of the Kasımpaşa Flour MiU 3.4.3. Southeast Facade of the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill 3.4.4. South Facade of the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill 3.5, Deteriorations 3.5.1. Disappeared Components of the Complex 3.5.2. Deterioration of the Materials 3.5.3. Structural Degeneration 3.5.4. Additions xm Chapter 4 The Restitution and Restoration Project 4. 1. Restitution Project 4.1.1. Disappeared Components and Spaces 4.1.2. Additions 4.1.3. Floor 4.1.4. Roofing 4.1.5. Chimney 4.2. Restoration Project 4.2. 1. Proposals for the New Function 4.2.2. Proposals for the Repairing 4.2.2.1. Cleaning 4.2.2.2. Consolidation 4.2.2.3. Reconstruction 4.2.2.4. Renovation 4.2.2.5. New Additions In First chapter, introduction ; Firstly, the history of grinding technices are mentioned. In the earlier period hand mills had been used for making flour. From this time to 1850's stone- milling was the only method. Abouth 1850's roller-milling was introduced. Apart from continual improvements, there were no major changes in milling. Secondly, development of the mills are outlined. During the whole of antiqutiy the only prime- movers were men and animals. Then, water mills were introduced during the late Roman Empire. The third stage was the wind power in milling. From 1850's steam engine has been a prime- movers for mills. Also, some information is given about the industrial building in Ottoman Period. The economical, social and military conditions of the, era, together with the architecture of the era is given in order to determine in which environment the industrial building was realised.The mills which are being situated in Istanbul are listed and pointed in the map. Their production technology has been discussed. Current conditions of this flour mills is outlined. XIV In Second Chapter, The history of Kasımpaşa; This chapter embodies the information on Kasımpaşa. The properties of the area is explained together with it's place in the history. The devolepment of the area is pointed in the maps which were dated from 1850 to 1926. The history of the complex has been summerized and the position within the are is defined. As it mention above, the old mill was built in 1852's. Other buildings within the complex were built in 1928. The warehouses had gone through a renovations in 1960's. In Third Chapter, The Desciptions of the Kasımpaşa Flour Plant; The mill and warehouses studied individually producing detailed descriptions of architectural features. This descriptions contain whole spaces in the complex. The condition of the supporting structure including all structural elements such as foundations, walls, columns, floor, roof, etc studied in detailed. Also, characteristic of architectural elements such as doors, windows and described in detail. Apart from this, deteriorations, additions and changes in the building are determined and presented in 1/200 scaled drawings. In Fourt Chapter,The Restitution and Restoration Project of the Kasımpaşa Flour Plant; Restitution and restoration drawing are introduced. In restitution drawings, some of the destroyed parts are reconstituted and insignificent transformations are removed. This part is based on the information derived from the archive documents, the survey drawings which are prepared in 1948 and the oral information optain from the last owner of the building. In restoration part, proposals for the restoration and reuse of the complex has been discussed. According to the current understanding, the building should continue to being used in order to provide durability and effectiveness of conservation. The useless condition of the building would both consume energy and material, causing an irreversible loss in this historical continuity. In this case, the persistence of original function is preferred. However, if the original ruction has lost its vitality or the area is not proper place any more, the proposed one should be as attached to the original function aş possible. As original function is not proper for the area any more, new function has been proposed. It is suggested that the Kasımpaşa Flour Mill will be converted into a cultural center consists of exhibition halls, library, studios and related offices. In fifth chapter, Conclusion; The purpose of this thesis is mentioned. Restitution problems have been discussed. Restoration proposals have been explained in details. XV As it's mentioned above Kasımpaşa Flour Mill is one of the oldest mill among the Industrial buildings which were constructed in Ottoman Period. It gives information about the social, economical and tecnological features of the era. It is also important for a large complex which exhibits the characteristics of the mills nad costruction techniques. Although it is registered as a second degree building there were not any survey drawings. For this reason, the detailed description of architectural features of the complex has been studied. The condition of the supporting stucture including all structural elements described in detail. Due to it's long neglect the building in a decayed condition today, It must be restored immediately according to principle that new function should be applied in a building without destroying the mass and space characteristics of it. Also, structural and material features of the complex must be considered.