Betonarme bir binada geleneksel yöntem ve taban yalıtım ile güçlendirme yönteminin karşılaştırılması
Betonarme bir binada geleneksel yöntem ve taban yalıtım ile güçlendirme yönteminin karşılaştırılması
Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Karabacak, Sercan
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Özet
Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika kıtaları arasında, Avrasya levhasında bulunan ülkemiz, kıta ve levhaların hareketleri sebebiyle oluşan depremler ile zaman zaman karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Kentleşmenin hızla arttığı ülkemizde mevcut yapı stoğunun önemli bir kısmı oluşabilecek büyük depremler için yetersiz durumdadır. Sanayi, teknoloji, bilim, kültür ve sanat çalışmalarının önemli bir kısmı büyük kentlerde yapılan ülkemizde, şiddeti yüksek bir olası deprem sosyal ve ekonomik yaşamı sona erdirecektir. Üretimin durma noktasına geleceği için eski duruma dönüş ve toparlanma süreci epey uzun olacaktır. Bu durumlar ile karşılaşılmaması için olası deprem için önemler alınmalıdır. Özellikle üretimin gerçekleştiği yapılar, deprem sonrası faaliyetlerine kısa sürede başlaması gerekmektedir. Şiddeti yüksek oluşan depremin hemen sonrasında krizin yönetilebilmesi ve kaosa dönüşmemesi için bazı yapılar çok kritiktir. Bunlar hastane yapıları, iletişim merkezleri, veri merkezleri, şehirler arası ulaşımda önemli terminal ve havaalanları kriz yönetimi için kritik yapılardır. Depremde bu yapıların hasar görmemesi veya hızlı onarılabilecek şekilde yapılmalıdır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, mevcut yapıların Türkiye Bina ve Deprem Yönetmeliği kapsamında deprem güvenliklerinin nasıl değerlendirildiği incelenmiş, örnek bir yapı üzerinde mevcut durumun, geleneksel ve deprem taban yalıtımı kullanılarak güçlendirme olmak üzere iki farklı metot kullanılarak yapılan güçlendirme durumlarının deprem güvenlikleri incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler teknik olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu yöntemler ile güçlendirme yapılması durumunda yaklaşık olarak güçlendirme maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu yaklaşık güçlendirme maliyeti, yapıyı yeniden yapımı yaklaşık maliyeti ile kıyaslanmış ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Yapının mevcut durumunun deprem güvenliğinin araştırılması, geleneksel ve taban yalıtımı ile güçlendirilmesi durumlarının deprem güvenliğinin incelenmesi için ETABS 2018 analiz programından yararlanılmıştır. Program haricinde yapılan değerlendirilmeler ile analiz sonuçlarındaki tutarsızlıklar önlenmiştir. Bu tezin ilk bölümünde, tezin giriş kısmı, tezin amacı ve literatür çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. İkinci kısımda TBDY 2018 kapsamında mevcut yapının değerlendirilme koşullarından bahsedilmiştir. Hasar sınır durumları anlatılmış, mevcut yapının değerlendirilme koşullarından bahsedilmiştir. Geleneksel yöntem ve deprem taban yalıtımı kullanılarak yapılan güçlendirme yöntemi yönetmelik kapsamında anlatılmıştır. Bu yapılan güçlendirme yöntemlerine örnekler verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, örnek olarak kullanılacak mevcut bir betonarme yapı tanıtılmış, ikinci bölümde anlatılan değerlendirme koşullarına uyularak, mevcut yapının deprem güvenliği belirlenmiştir. Zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan analiz yapılmıştır. Bu analiz yönteminde kullanılacak depremlerin nasıl seçildiği anlatılmıştır. Tüm taşıyıcı elemanların mevcut durumdaki deprem güvelik durumları tablolar halinde verilmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, ilk olarak geleneksel yöntem ile mevcut yapı güçlendirilmiştir. Bu yapıya kolon mantolaması ve perde ilavesi yapılmıştır. Bölüm 3'te tanımlanan depremler ile zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan analiz yapılmıştır. Geleneksel olarak güçlendirilmiş yapının mevcut taşıyıcı elemanları, yeni ilave elemanları hasar durumları tablolar yardımı ile gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra mevcut yapıya deprem taban yalıtımı ilavesi yapılmıştır. Bu yalıtım birimleri zemin kat kolonları kesilerek tavan döşemesinin altına konulmuştur. Deprem yalıtımı birimleri için kapasite ve performans değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Yapının yalıtım birimi haricindeki mevcut taşıyıcı elemanlarının güçlendirme sonrası hasar durumu tablolar ile gösterilmiştir. İki farklı durum için sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Son bölümde 4. Bölümde kullanılan yöntemler ile güçlendirilmiş yapının yaklaşık maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Birim fiyatlar kullanılmıştır. Yeniden yapım ve iki farklı güçlendirme yöntemi, fayda ve maliyet açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Our country, located on the Eurasian plate between the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa, is faced with earthquakes caused by the movements of the continents and plates from time to time. In our country, the urbanization is increasing rapidly, an important part of the existing building stock is inadequate for large earthquakes that may occur. In Turkey, a significant part of the industry, technology, science, culture, and art studies are carried out in large cities and metropolis. An earthquake with high intensity will end social and economic life in our country. Since production will come to a halt, the process of recovery and restoration will take a quite long time after the earthquake disaster. To avoid these situations, some precautions have to be taken for a possible earthquake. Especially the buildings where the production takes place should start their activities as soon as possible after the earthquake. Some systems are very vital, so one can help to manage the crisis and prevent the crisis from turning into a chaotic situation after a high-intensity earthquake. These are medical institution structures, data centers which help to communicate between people, terminals, and airports are essential systems for crisis management. In an earthquake situation, the essential structures shouldn't damage the structural systems. It can occur some crack which easily repairs mostly. They should be immediately available. As a topic of this thesis, it is examined that the analysis of the seismic safety of the sample present building below Turkey Buildings and Earthquake Regulation. Besides, the existing structure was strengthened using two different structural strengthening methods; Traditional method and Seismic base isolation method. It is compared the traditional method with seismic base isolation at one existing structure about effects on structural systems. Besides, in the case of building strengthening with these methods, it is calculated approximately strengthening cost and the price which has been calculated compared with the rebuilding approximately cost. Etabs 2018 analysis program was used to investigate the earthquake safety of the current state of the building, and to investigate the earthquake safety of the building which is strengthened by the traditional method and seismic base isolation method. The unpredictable mistake consequences of computer analysis were prevented by evaluations made outside the analysis program. In the first part of this thesis, there is the introduction part of the thesis, the purpose of the thesis, and the literature studies. In the second part, the conditions of evaluation of the existing structure are mentioned at intervals the scope of TBDY 2018. The boundary of harm is explained and conditions for evaluating the existing building are mentioned. The traditional method and also the strengthening method of seismic base isolation are described within the scope of the regulation. Finally, it's providing some samples of these strengthening strategies application are shown. In the third section, an existing reinforced concrete structure used as an example is introduced, and the earthquake safety of the existing building is determined by plastic deformation which described in the second section. A nonlinear time history analysis was performed. Which earthquakes selected to be used in this analysis method is explained. The current performance safety status for all structural elements are given in tables. The results were evaluated. In the fourth section, the existing structure was strengthened by the traditional method. Column sections are enlarged with new reinforced concrete and new shear walls were added to this structure. For performance analysis of traditional strengthened building used a nonlinear analysis method called by Time History method. For the time history analysis, it was used earthquake records which they defined Chapter 3. Damage states of existing enlarged columns, beams, shear wall, and added shear wall elements of the traditionally reinforced structure are shown with the help of tables. Furthermore, another strengthening method that is used as the friction pendulum seismic base isolation system. The isolation units have added at the bottom of the first floor. There are three main subjects for strengthening a reinforced concrete building analysis. These are upper band, lower band, and isolation units band. When it is calculated the subjects, it has generated different analysis models for each of them. Firstly, capacity and performance manual evaluations were made for earthquake isolation units. For isolation units, they have checked the displacement controls using DD-1 earthquake records with Etabs 2018. An upper band which is a structural system of up part of the isolation units is controlled by nonlinear time history analysis with DD-2 earthquake records. Each structural element such as column, beam, and shear wall compared to their plastic capacity and shear capacity with some tables. So, the upper band performance checked and saw that had a KK performance level which defines TBDY 2018. The final subject is the lower band. There were only columns under the isolation units. The lower band columns are evaluated with linear analysis theory. For the calculation, it is used base shear load which transferred to the columns. It was shown that the lower band columns are safe with the KK performance level. In conclusion, the use of different strengthening methods of a current reinforced concrete building reached some conclusions. • The period of the current building is decreased with the traditional method on the contrary seismic base isolation system. At the seismic isolation system, the period increased double. • The changing of the period of the building affects the spectral acceleration of Earthquake. Traditionally strengthening building raises the acceleration 0.294 g to 0.882 g. Otherwise, the seismic base isolation system reduces it to 0.157 g. With effective damping, it reduces 0.157 g to 0.11 g. • The displacement of the top floor was 12.5 cm at the current building performance analysis. With the effects of added shear wall and enlarged columns, the displacement at traditionally strengthening building had a half displacement of the before. Considering the base isolation system, it is shown that isolation had a 13 cm displacement capacity at the DD-2 earthquake. The upper band take place 7 mm after the isolation movement. In the last part, it was made that the approximate cost analysis of the structure strengthened by the methods used in the 4th section. Unit prices in Turkey regulations are used for calculating cost analysis. Rebuilding and two different strengthening methods were evaluated in terms of benefit and cost. Although the cost of the isolator and its on-site application seriously will increase the price, alternative advantages shouldn't be unheeded.
Our country, located on the Eurasian plate between the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa, is faced with earthquakes caused by the movements of the continents and plates from time to time. In our country, the urbanization is increasing rapidly, an important part of the existing building stock is inadequate for large earthquakes that may occur. In Turkey, a significant part of the industry, technology, science, culture, and art studies are carried out in large cities and metropolis. An earthquake with high intensity will end social and economic life in our country. Since production will come to a halt, the process of recovery and restoration will take a quite long time after the earthquake disaster. To avoid these situations, some precautions have to be taken for a possible earthquake. Especially the buildings where the production takes place should start their activities as soon as possible after the earthquake. Some systems are very vital, so one can help to manage the crisis and prevent the crisis from turning into a chaotic situation after a high-intensity earthquake. These are medical institution structures, data centers which help to communicate between people, terminals, and airports are essential systems for crisis management. In an earthquake situation, the essential structures shouldn't damage the structural systems. It can occur some crack which easily repairs mostly. They should be immediately available. As a topic of this thesis, it is examined that the analysis of the seismic safety of the sample present building below Turkey Buildings and Earthquake Regulation. Besides, the existing structure was strengthened using two different structural strengthening methods; Traditional method and Seismic base isolation method. It is compared the traditional method with seismic base isolation at one existing structure about effects on structural systems. Besides, in the case of building strengthening with these methods, it is calculated approximately strengthening cost and the price which has been calculated compared with the rebuilding approximately cost. Etabs 2018 analysis program was used to investigate the earthquake safety of the current state of the building, and to investigate the earthquake safety of the building which is strengthened by the traditional method and seismic base isolation method. The unpredictable mistake consequences of computer analysis were prevented by evaluations made outside the analysis program. In the first part of this thesis, there is the introduction part of the thesis, the purpose of the thesis, and the literature studies. In the second part, the conditions of evaluation of the existing structure are mentioned at intervals the scope of TBDY 2018. The boundary of harm is explained and conditions for evaluating the existing building are mentioned. The traditional method and also the strengthening method of seismic base isolation are described within the scope of the regulation. Finally, it's providing some samples of these strengthening strategies application are shown. In the third section, an existing reinforced concrete structure used as an example is introduced, and the earthquake safety of the existing building is determined by plastic deformation which described in the second section. A nonlinear time history analysis was performed. Which earthquakes selected to be used in this analysis method is explained. The current performance safety status for all structural elements are given in tables. The results were evaluated. In the fourth section, the existing structure was strengthened by the traditional method. Column sections are enlarged with new reinforced concrete and new shear walls were added to this structure. For performance analysis of traditional strengthened building used a nonlinear analysis method called by Time History method. For the time history analysis, it was used earthquake records which they defined Chapter 3. Damage states of existing enlarged columns, beams, shear wall, and added shear wall elements of the traditionally reinforced structure are shown with the help of tables. Furthermore, another strengthening method that is used as the friction pendulum seismic base isolation system. The isolation units have added at the bottom of the first floor. There are three main subjects for strengthening a reinforced concrete building analysis. These are upper band, lower band, and isolation units band. When it is calculated the subjects, it has generated different analysis models for each of them. Firstly, capacity and performance manual evaluations were made for earthquake isolation units. For isolation units, they have checked the displacement controls using DD-1 earthquake records with Etabs 2018. An upper band which is a structural system of up part of the isolation units is controlled by nonlinear time history analysis with DD-2 earthquake records. Each structural element such as column, beam, and shear wall compared to their plastic capacity and shear capacity with some tables. So, the upper band performance checked and saw that had a KK performance level which defines TBDY 2018. The final subject is the lower band. There were only columns under the isolation units. The lower band columns are evaluated with linear analysis theory. For the calculation, it is used base shear load which transferred to the columns. It was shown that the lower band columns are safe with the KK performance level. In conclusion, the use of different strengthening methods of a current reinforced concrete building reached some conclusions. • The period of the current building is decreased with the traditional method on the contrary seismic base isolation system. At the seismic isolation system, the period increased double. • The changing of the period of the building affects the spectral acceleration of Earthquake. Traditionally strengthening building raises the acceleration 0.294 g to 0.882 g. Otherwise, the seismic base isolation system reduces it to 0.157 g. With effective damping, it reduces 0.157 g to 0.11 g. • The displacement of the top floor was 12.5 cm at the current building performance analysis. With the effects of added shear wall and enlarged columns, the displacement at traditionally strengthening building had a half displacement of the before. Considering the base isolation system, it is shown that isolation had a 13 cm displacement capacity at the DD-2 earthquake. The upper band take place 7 mm after the isolation movement. In the last part, it was made that the approximate cost analysis of the structure strengthened by the methods used in the 4th section. Unit prices in Turkey regulations are used for calculating cost analysis. Rebuilding and two different strengthening methods were evaluated in terms of benefit and cost. Although the cost of the isolator and its on-site application seriously will increase the price, alternative advantages shouldn't be unheeded.
Açıklama
Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler
yapı analizi (mühendislik),
structural analysis (engineering),
buildings,
yapılar