Betonarmede konstrüktif esaslar, detaylandırma ve donatım sanatı

Abstract

Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak sunulan bir çalışmanın konusunu betonarmede kostrüktif esaslar, detaylandırma ve donatım sanatı oluşturmaktadır. Beş bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, konunun önemi ortaya konularak giriş yapılamaktadır. ikinci bölüm, iki ana kondan oluşmaktadır Aderans ve kenetleme. Aderans başlığı altındaki bölümde, betonarmenin varlığının doğrudan doğruya bağlı olduğu aderansla ilgili genel bilgiler verilmektedir. Kenetleme başlığı altındaki bölümde ise, çeşitli durumlarda kenetlemenin nasıl sağlanacağına ilişkin kurallar açıklanmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, genel yapı elemanlarına ilişkin konstrüktit esaslar incelenmiş ve uygulamaya ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Dördüncü bölüm, daha önceki bölümlerde verilmesi uygun görülmemiş olan ve uygulamada sıkça karşılaşılan bazı özel durumlara ilişkin bilgi ve detayları içermektedir. Beşinci bölümde, konunun önemi tekrar vurgulanarak sonuçlar verilmiştir. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili olması sebebiyle, statik-betonarme proje düzenleme esaslarının, uygulama Örneklerini de içerecek şekilde Ek-A bölümünde özetle verilmesi uygun görülmüştür.

Constructive Requirements, Detailing and The Art of Detailing For Reinforced Concrete Elements Because of its high strength, capability to take the desired shape and usually as an economic material, reinforced concrete is used in many different structures. These properties of reinforced concrete make it a widely used material and provide for it new areas of application. However, when a reinforced concrete structure is being designed, we meet many parameters which affect the behavior of the reinforced concrete and complicate the calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to make some assumptions and idealizations which make easier the calculations. It is clear that these assumptions and idealizations are not made by differing from the natural behavior of reinforced concrete members. Nevertheless, it is not also enough to make a safe and economic design. The completed structures must behave the same way as the strength and behavior which are taken into consideration in the design stage. We know that structures do not behave the same as their design assumptions, they behave the same as constructed. Moreover it is a fact that reinforced concrete elements of the structure will behave different ways with different placing of the reinforcement. The structure should be well designed and the necessary care and control should be provided in the construction stage to avoid any damage, especially under lateral forces. The basic requirements and their importance should be well known to achieve above aims. Therefore, constructive requirements, detailing and the art of detailing for reinforced concrete elements have been chosen as the investigation topic of this Master Thesis. This study consists of five parts. In the first part, the aim of the study is introduced. The second part consists of two main chapter. In the first chapter the bond problem has been examined. When a load is applied to the elements, reinforcement steel can receive its share of the load only by means of the bond from the surrounding concrete. Bond stress is the name assigned to the shear stress at the bar-concrete interface which, by transferring load between the bar and surrounding concrete, modifies the steel stresses. This bond, when efficiently developed, enables the two materials to form a composite structure. The attainment of satisfactory performance in bond is the most important aim of the detailing of reinforcement in structural components. Bond strength is a more serious problem when only plain reinforcing bars is used. Surface deformations on bars provide an extra element of bond strength and safety. On the other hand, the behavior of deformed bars, in particular the introduction of high-strength steels and large diameter bars, present some new viii problems. Therefore, the designer must be aware of the aspects of bond and anchorage that can critically affect structural behavior. Bond stresses in reinforced concrete members arise from two distinct situations: From the anchorage at bars (Fig 1.) and from the change of bar force along its length, due to change in bending moment along the member (Fig 2.). These situations and the most important factors which affect the nature of band resistance have been also examined in this chapter.. ' 9.. '.'.<\.. :«.....* *. *.._..?,»?' Cb) h - v 3- r.A.G, r^TT-r-n 1 1 J I T<