Multipurpose small helicopter concurrent engineering design
Multipurpose small helicopter concurrent engineering design
Dosyalar
Tarih
1999
Yazarlar
Uğur, Yusuf
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Institute of Science and Technology
Özet
GAP-4 (Sivil) - ÇAKAH (Askeri) Çok Amaçk 4-5 Kişilik Helikopter Geliştirme ve Seri Üretim Programı Türkiye'nin sivil ve askeri havacılık ihtiyaçlarının önemli bir kısmına cevap verebilecek 4-5 kişilik bir helikopterin ülkemizde milli bir proje kapsamında geliştirilerek üretilmesi amacıyla GAP-4 Çok Maksatlı Küçük Helikopter Geliştirme ve Seri Üretim Programı Teklif çalışması İTÜ Uçak ve Uzay Bilimleri Fakültesi ve ABD Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) Center of Excellence for Rotorcraft Technologies (CERT) öncülüğü ve çeşitli ABD, Alman ve Türk özel sektör kuruluşları işbirliği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ülkemizin coğrafi ve iklim şartlarının ve özellikle GAP Projesi bölgesinin gerektirdiği sıcak-gün yüksek-irtifa şartlarında üstün performans gösterecek şekilde, en gelişmiş helikopter ve havacılık teknolojileri kullanılarak dizayn ve imalatı hedeflenen bu helikoptere GAP-4 ismi verilmiştir. GAP-4 Helikopteri Proje Programı ve Teklifi hazırlama çalışmaları çerçevesinde; - Pazar Araştırması, - Konsept Tasannu, - Proje Organizasyonu, - Proje Planlaması, - Maliyet Analizi, - GAP-4 FAR 27 Sertifikasyon Programı tamamlanmıştır. Dünya helikopter sektöründe önümüzdeki 10-15 yıllık dönem içerisinde 3000-3500 aracın satılmasının beklenildiği 4-5 kişilik helikopter kategorisinde mevcut helikopter modellerinin önemli bir kısmı 1960 ve 1970'li yılların teknolojileri ile geliştirilmiş ve yine bu yılların teknolojileri ile imal edilmektedirler. Yeni geliştirilmekte olan küçük xi yine bu yılların teknolojileri ile imal edilmektedirler. Yeni geliştirilmekte olan küçük helikopter modelleri içinde 4-5 kişilik Eurocopter (Fransa-Çin-Singapur) EC-120 türbin motorlu helikopteri 800,000 ABD Dolan fiatıyla fiyat-performans değeri açısından kategorisinin üst seviye müşterilere hitap etmektedir. Mevcut ve geliştirilmekte olan küçük helikopter modelleri incelendiğinde ileri teknoloji ürünü, yüksek performans özelliklerine sahip, kullanımı kolay fakat buna karşılık maliyetleri düşük, piston motorlu yeni bir 4-5 kişilik helikoptere ihtiyaç duyulduğu uzmanlarca tesbit edilmektedir. Bir başka deyişle 4-5 kişilik helikopter kategorisinde performans- fiat değerlendirmesi açısından türbin motorlu helikopterler ile piston motorlu olanlar arasında belirlenen bir boşluk "market niche" belirlenmiştir. GAP-4 Helikopteri öncelikle ülkemizin GAP bölgesi küçük helikopter ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda önemli bir dış satım potansiyeline sahip olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Ülkemizde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olmasına karşılık, ihmal edilmiş olan küçük hava araçları geliştirme ve imalatı alanında, önemli bir boşluğu doldurabilecek GAP-4 dört kişilik helikopteri Türkiye'nin ilk sivil ticari helikopteri olacaktır. Teknik özellikleri ve performans karakteristikleri açısından kategorisinin en teknolojik ve aynı zamanda en ucuz piston motorlu helikopteri olarak tasarlanan GAP-4 yalnızca ülkemiz ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermekle kalmayıp önemli bir dış pazar imkanı bulabilecek, ticari başarısı yüksek bir havacılık projesi olma özelliğine sahiptir. GAP-4 Helikopteri Projesi ile helikopter dizayn-geliştirme-imalat ve idame teknolojilerinin önemli bir bölümünü ülkemiz, bir bütün olarak kazanacak ve bu alanda dışa bağımlı olmaktan kurtulabilecektir. Pazar Araştırması ve Dizayn Hedefleri Dünya küçük helikopter pazarı GAP-4 gibi yeni nesil ileri teknoloji ürünü helikopter beklemektedir. Özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde halen mevcut helikopterleri özellikle maliyet açısından kullanamayan düşük maliyetli, üstün performanslı helikopterlerin hitap edebileceği önemli bir kullanıcı potansiyeli olduğu belirlenmektedir. Bu potansiyele cevap verebilecek yeni küçük helikopterin teknik ve performans özellikleri ve maliyet sınırlarını belirlemek için öncelikle mevcut helikopterlerin incelenmesine dayak olarak bîr pazar araştırması yapılmıştır. Mevcut küçük helikopterlerin teknik performans ve maliyet özellikleri ortak bir payda olarak kabul edilebilecek genel değerlendirme kriteri (Overall Evaluation Criteria (OEC)) belirlenerek mevcut helikopterler GAP-4 konsept tasannu ile mukayese edilmiştir. Benzer olarak GAP-4 helikopterinin mevcut helikopteri Ömür Boyu Maliyet (LCC), ülkemiz için çok önemli olan Hover Performansı indeksi (HPI) ile Uçuş Performansı indeksi (PI) gösterilmiştir. Bu beklentilere cevap verecek en uygun konfigürasyon tesbiti, GAP-4 Helikopterinin performans karakteristikleri ve teknik özellikler helikopter dizayn ve araştırmaları alanındaki uzmanlardan oluşan bir kadro tarafından ABD de yapılan uzun bir çalışma sonucunda belirlenmiştir. GAP-4 Helikopteri Teknik ve Performans Özellikleri GAP-4 Helikopteri öncelikle ülkemizin Şekil 1' de şematik olarak gösterilen sıcak gün-yüksek irtifa şartlan dikkate alınarak geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmelerde bu şartlarda verimli olarak çalışabilecek helikopterlerin üstün performanslı motor-güç grubu ve yüksek verimli rotor sistemine sahip olması gerektiği tesbit edilmiştir. Üstün performanslı ve düşük maliyetli piston motoru (Zoche Aero- Diesel) GAP-4 Helikopterinin istenilen üstün performanslarda tasanmım mümkün kılmaktadır. GAP-4 helikopteri konsep tasannu çalışmalannda performans simülasyonu ve ön boyutlandırma için Georgia Institute of Technology (CERT), Center of Excellence for Rotorcraft Technologies (CERT) GTPDP Helicopter Performance and Sizing Programı kullanılmıştır. Konsept tasannu aşamasında çok kıstaslı dizayn
Executive AeroSystems Inc. (EAI) with the support of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and Anka Helicopter Ltd. (AHI) in Turkey as well as the Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) and Dynamic Engineering Inc. (DEI) in the USA is pleased to present a proposal to the government of Turkey (1996). This proposal describes a program to involve and train Turkish nationals in the design, development, certification of a small, multi-purpose, high performance four to five seat helicopter. The proposed program will facilitate first of all the establishment of a self reliant indigenous advanced technology aircraft design, development and manufacturing capability within Turkey. Second, the helicopter to be developed by the proposed program will satisfy a critical need for an inexpensive helicopter that can operate throughout Turkey and neighboring countries in hot-day and high-altitude conditions at design gross weight. Such a helicopter will have a profound impact in helping Turkey develop the Southeastern Anatolian region. For this reason and the fact that it will be basically a four seat passenger machine, it is named "GAP-4". The commercial helicopter selected for development in the proposed program is the result of extensive market research which has identified Turkey's need for a new small and inexpensive helicopter that is capable of filling at least the following missions: *Personal transportation * Aerial observation and surveillance * Agricultural applications *Basic Emergency Medical Service (EMS) The superior performance capabilities of the proposed GAP-4 helicopter, made possible by use of carefully selected advanced technologies, will enable it to fill the above identified missions. Additionally, the design approach being used should insure XVll an acquisition and direct operating cost at least 25% its nearest competitor. In addition to satisfying Turkey's small utility helicopter needs, the proposed commercial helicopter will be unique contender in the world's potential market because of its superior performance, operational utility and low cost. Market research has indicated that approximately 3,000 new small four to five seat helicopters with low acquisition and direct operational costs will be needed world wide in the next 10 to 15 years. If the proposed GAP-4 helicopter can be developed, certified and put in serial production within the next four to five years, Turkey should be able to capture at least 40 % of this world market and realize a significant improvement in its aviation industry. Development of the proposed helicopter will be accomplished by EAI, operating as one of a kind world class Integrated Product/Process Design (IPPD) Bureau. IPPD is a management methodology that incorporates a systematic approach to the early integration and concurrent application of all the disciplines that play a part throughout a system's life cycle. IPPD embodies the simultaneous application of both system and quality engineering methods throughout an iterative design process. IPPD is having profound impact on producing affordable products in many segments of the commercial sector. ( o-pRoui cno\ it *» £w EmMIng ttdmtkt&it, fttjw. 'aim A *"«TOii ^__^ «u*Htitopur K,ilu it.il Meliamls-r 'lıLısll\ Figure 1. National Helicopter Industry Ininitiative and GAP-4 Program xvm The Turkish nationals assigned to work with EAI in developing the proposed helicopter will be able to master the complete IPPD management methodology as well as the many technical disciplines involved in the execution of such an advanced development program. Upon completion of the proposed program, these nationals will be equipped with the knowledge and expertise to establish an advanced world class aircraft industry in Turkey that can compete successfully in the world market. EAI and the US based organizations that will support it in development of the proposed GAP-4 helicopter are leaders in the development of rotorcraft technology, possess an abundance of expertise and experience, and are already working together and with the Government of Turkey in developing helicopter engineers, a needed resource for the development of a Turkish helicopter industry. Technology transfer is also proposed through the use of existing aircraft assembly facilities in Turkey, such as Tusas Aircraft Industries (TAI). By leveraging these existing relationships and capabilities of the various organizations that will be involved in the proposed development program, Turkey can best achieve its prime objective- the establishment of its own helicopter industry. A three phase program is envisioned for the GAP4 Program: - Phase I: Preliminary/ Detail Design and Prototype Development and Demonstration (2.5 years) - Phase II: Production Prototyping and Certification Completion (2.0 years) - Phase III: Full Rate Production EAI will provide overall program management, configuration and design control, and system integration for the GAP-4 Program during Phase I to insure that an BPPD approach is followed to accomplish all the program objectives in a timely and cost effective manner. A feature based design approach will be used to provide a seamless transition from Computer Aided Design Manufacturing (CAM). GIT through its Center of Excellence in Rotorcraft Technology (CERT) and its Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory (ASDL), would lead the aerodynamics and structural analysis XIX effort. Both off-line analysis as well as real time man-in-the-loop flight simulation in the GIT Flight Simulation Laboratory (FLIGHT SIM) are proposed both for risk reduction and support of the IPPD effort. GIT would be closely assisted by ITU in this effort and would involve the Turkish engineers at GIT as part of the Sikorsky S-70 Education and Training Offset Program. Wind tunnel models, mockups and a rotor test stand would be built during Phase I for testing both at GIT and in Turkey. The GAP-4 helicopter development program offers Turkey a very cost effective way to acquire both a modern helicopter needed to meet its in country needs and the expertise to develop and establish a modern Turkish helicopter industry. Even so, the cost can be made even more cost effective by using off-set funds available from Sikorsky's sale of S-70 helicopters to Turkey. It would be appropriate to use these off set funds for the proposed program since some of these funds are already being used to educate and train Turkish engineers at GIT and Sikorsky Aircraft.
Executive AeroSystems Inc. (EAI) with the support of Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and Anka Helicopter Ltd. (AHI) in Turkey as well as the Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) and Dynamic Engineering Inc. (DEI) in the USA is pleased to present a proposal to the government of Turkey (1996). This proposal describes a program to involve and train Turkish nationals in the design, development, certification of a small, multi-purpose, high performance four to five seat helicopter. The proposed program will facilitate first of all the establishment of a self reliant indigenous advanced technology aircraft design, development and manufacturing capability within Turkey. Second, the helicopter to be developed by the proposed program will satisfy a critical need for an inexpensive helicopter that can operate throughout Turkey and neighboring countries in hot-day and high-altitude conditions at design gross weight. Such a helicopter will have a profound impact in helping Turkey develop the Southeastern Anatolian region. For this reason and the fact that it will be basically a four seat passenger machine, it is named "GAP-4". The commercial helicopter selected for development in the proposed program is the result of extensive market research which has identified Turkey's need for a new small and inexpensive helicopter that is capable of filling at least the following missions: *Personal transportation * Aerial observation and surveillance * Agricultural applications *Basic Emergency Medical Service (EMS) The superior performance capabilities of the proposed GAP-4 helicopter, made possible by use of carefully selected advanced technologies, will enable it to fill the above identified missions. Additionally, the design approach being used should insure XVll an acquisition and direct operating cost at least 25% its nearest competitor. In addition to satisfying Turkey's small utility helicopter needs, the proposed commercial helicopter will be unique contender in the world's potential market because of its superior performance, operational utility and low cost. Market research has indicated that approximately 3,000 new small four to five seat helicopters with low acquisition and direct operational costs will be needed world wide in the next 10 to 15 years. If the proposed GAP-4 helicopter can be developed, certified and put in serial production within the next four to five years, Turkey should be able to capture at least 40 % of this world market and realize a significant improvement in its aviation industry. Development of the proposed helicopter will be accomplished by EAI, operating as one of a kind world class Integrated Product/Process Design (IPPD) Bureau. IPPD is a management methodology that incorporates a systematic approach to the early integration and concurrent application of all the disciplines that play a part throughout a system's life cycle. IPPD embodies the simultaneous application of both system and quality engineering methods throughout an iterative design process. IPPD is having profound impact on producing affordable products in many segments of the commercial sector. ( o-pRoui cno\ it *» £w EmMIng ttdmtkt&it, fttjw. 'aim A *"«TOii ^__^ «u*Htitopur K,ilu it.il Meliamls-r 'lıLısll\ Figure 1. National Helicopter Industry Ininitiative and GAP-4 Program xvm The Turkish nationals assigned to work with EAI in developing the proposed helicopter will be able to master the complete IPPD management methodology as well as the many technical disciplines involved in the execution of such an advanced development program. Upon completion of the proposed program, these nationals will be equipped with the knowledge and expertise to establish an advanced world class aircraft industry in Turkey that can compete successfully in the world market. EAI and the US based organizations that will support it in development of the proposed GAP-4 helicopter are leaders in the development of rotorcraft technology, possess an abundance of expertise and experience, and are already working together and with the Government of Turkey in developing helicopter engineers, a needed resource for the development of a Turkish helicopter industry. Technology transfer is also proposed through the use of existing aircraft assembly facilities in Turkey, such as Tusas Aircraft Industries (TAI). By leveraging these existing relationships and capabilities of the various organizations that will be involved in the proposed development program, Turkey can best achieve its prime objective- the establishment of its own helicopter industry. A three phase program is envisioned for the GAP4 Program: - Phase I: Preliminary/ Detail Design and Prototype Development and Demonstration (2.5 years) - Phase II: Production Prototyping and Certification Completion (2.0 years) - Phase III: Full Rate Production EAI will provide overall program management, configuration and design control, and system integration for the GAP-4 Program during Phase I to insure that an BPPD approach is followed to accomplish all the program objectives in a timely and cost effective manner. A feature based design approach will be used to provide a seamless transition from Computer Aided Design Manufacturing (CAM). GIT through its Center of Excellence in Rotorcraft Technology (CERT) and its Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory (ASDL), would lead the aerodynamics and structural analysis XIX effort. Both off-line analysis as well as real time man-in-the-loop flight simulation in the GIT Flight Simulation Laboratory (FLIGHT SIM) are proposed both for risk reduction and support of the IPPD effort. GIT would be closely assisted by ITU in this effort and would involve the Turkish engineers at GIT as part of the Sikorsky S-70 Education and Training Offset Program. Wind tunnel models, mockups and a rotor test stand would be built during Phase I for testing both at GIT and in Turkey. The GAP-4 helicopter development program offers Turkey a very cost effective way to acquire both a modern helicopter needed to meet its in country needs and the expertise to develop and establish a modern Turkish helicopter industry. Even so, the cost can be made even more cost effective by using off-set funds available from Sikorsky's sale of S-70 helicopters to Turkey. It would be appropriate to use these off set funds for the proposed program since some of these funds are already being used to educate and train Turkish engineers at GIT and Sikorsky Aircraft.
Açıklama
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1999
Anahtar kelimeler
GAP-4,
helikopter,
ÇAKAH,
üretim,
GAP-4,
Helicopter,
Production