Esenlik Ve Mekan İlişkisi: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Ayazağa Kampüsü Örneği

Abstract

Bu tezin amacı esenlik ve mekan arasındaki ilişkiyi anlayabilmektir. Bu ilişkiyi sistematik bir şekilde değerlendirebilmek için pozitif psikoloji alanının insanların genel durumlarını değerlendirmede kullandığı esenlik kavramı üzerinden tartışma yürütülür. Esenliğin değerlendirildiği mekan kısmını üniversite kampüsleri oluşturur. Eğer öğrenciler kampüste esenlik halinde var oluyorlarsa bu olumlu bir durumdur ve esenliklerini sürdürmeleri amacıyla çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Eğer kampüste esenlikten bahsetmek mümkün değilse bu negatif bir durumdur ve bu durumu tersine çevirmek için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde konuya genel bir giriş yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı, literatüre ve mimari tasarıma katkısı ve çalışma yöntemine ilişkin bilgiler sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde önce sağlık kavramı açıklanmıştır. Sonraki kısımda sağlık ve esenlik kavramları arasındaki ilişki açıklanmış ve esenlik kavramsal çerçevesiyle ele alınmıştır. Sonraki bölümde esenlik, esenlik ile günlük hayatın iç içe geçtiği üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Esenlik sağlık, mutluluk gibi kavramları kapsayan, kimi zaman bunların yerine kullanılan ancak çoğunlukla bu kavramlarla ilişki içinde olan bir durumdur. Kısa dönemli mutluluktan çok, uzun dönemli denge ve uyumu içerir. Üçüncü bölümde insan-çevre ilişkisi açılmış ve bu çalışmadaki konumu belirlenmiştir. İlk olarak mekan ve tez çalışmasının yer alacağı kentsel mekan ölçeğine değinilmiştir. Bu bağlamda bireyin çevreye tepkisi ve gereksinimleri esenlik bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonrasında mekan bazlı sağlık konusunun üstünde durulmuştur. Çevre ve esenlik arasındaki ilişkiyi anlayabilme konusundaki metodolojik zorluklara değinilmiş, bu zorlukları aşmak için kullanılan yöntem ve örnekler açıklanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde öncelikle üniversite kampüsleri amaçları, işlevleri, çeşitleri, tasarım faktörleri bağlamında incelenmiştir. Sonrasında kampüs tasarım elamanları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bölümde son olarak sağlıklı kampüs kavramı ele alınmış ve Dünya’dan örnekler değerlendirilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde öncelikle çalışma alanının neden seçildiği açıklanmıştır. Sonrasında İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Ayazağa Kampüsü mekansal bazda esenliğe etki edebilecek unsurlar bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler ve kampüste yapılan alan çalışması sonucu ortaya çıkan bulgular incelenmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde, alan çalışmasının bulguları ve önceki bölümlerdeki tartışmalar doğrultusunda, mekan tasarımında kullanılmak üzere esenlik göstergelerinin ve tasarım ilkelerinin neler olabileceği ve bunların nasıl birlikte çalıştığı açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak esenlik ve mekan arasında ilişkiye rastlanmıştır. Bu ilişki ile ilgili değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

We all want to be happy. To be happy is probably a common trait among all human. Nobody wants to be unhappy. But then, what is to be happy? How can we feel happy and understand that we are happy. Do we born happy or does it depend on what we live in our life? Is it possible to be happier? To be happy is one of the most important life objectives of people. Therefore, it is one of primary topics of science to be researched. However, measuring the level of happiness is quite complicated issue. Systematic and scientific measurements of happiness enable us to fill the blanks and give the opportunity to measure the factors which affects the life of people and the extent of these factors. The general mood of a person is not dependent with ups and downs on external factors, on the other hand, it is in the shape of continuity and persistence. Hence, well-being, a concept in the positive psychology, is more meaningful concept to explain the general mood a person. In general, well-being is a positive state of mind. On the contrary to instantaneous happiness, well-being is a permanent and lasting gratification. It is impossible to think the existing of people independent of environment. At this point, another question is needed to be asked. How environment affects the well-being? The objective of this study exactly is answer this question and to understand and examine the relationship between well-being and place. The objective of this study shall give the opportunity to understand which places affects our life how and on what scale, and also how places increase or decrease the well-being level. Moreover, the study tells us which places are more preferable by people who have more well-being and shall give the opportunity to understand the selection mechanisms of this places. The effects of environment on the individuals are for a long time at issue and will continue to be debated. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the relationship between well-being and the place. University campuses constitute the place part of well-being issue. If the students in a campus are enjoying a state of high well-being, this is an achievement and effort should be given to sustain their state. If it is impossible to talk about high well-being in a campus, then this is a bad state and work should be put in to reverse this. People associate with the places in which they live just as they make with other objects, connect themselves to them and form their identities in them. The place encircle our body and the individual experience the place and the body. The place contributes to feel happy our unhappy, feel comfortable or uncomfortable and also feel safe or unsafe. Human behaviours are formed in specific social and specific region and cities are the most important one among these regions. Human select, rationalize and give meaning to the city, environment and the physical structure of them. In the first chapter of the study has been devotes to introduction. The aim, scope and the methods of study have also been presented in the first chapter. In the second part, firstly the healthy concept is explained. Afterwards, the relationship between health and well-being is explained and well-being is handled in conceptual framework. In the following part, it is discussed over daily life and well-being interlock with each other. Third chapter opens by discussing human-environment relation and its importance in this study have been outlined. Firstly, the concept of environment has been discussed in the scale of the field study of this thesis. Individuals' response to their environment and their needs from the environment has been outlined through concepts of well-being. Methodological difficulties which helps to realize the difference between environment and well-being is mentioned, methods and examples which are used to overcome these difficulties are explained. Lastly, health based on environment has been discussed in this chapter. In the fourth part, university campuses are examined in terms of their objectives, functions, types and design factors. After that, the campus design elements are evaluated. Lastly, the healty campus concept is handled in this part. In the fifth part, for what reason this field of study is chosen is explained at first. The reason why university campuses are chosen as field of study: Afterwards, The Ayazağa Campus of Istanbul Technical University is examined in terms of spatial factors which have an impact on well-being. Evaluations and findings which are revealed after field operations on the campus are examined. In conclusion part, in accordance with the findings of field operations and the discussions in the previous parts, what factors can be well-being indicators and designs principles that are utilized to design places and how these factors works together are explained. In summary, a relationship has been observed between well-being and environment and this relationship has been studied by this thesis. Personal well-being changes according to relation with the place. In terms of meeting the requirement, creating places which fits the identity of individuals and make sense in terms of people should be prioritized by designer by taking into consideration characteristics of people who are living or will live in the place. In this connection, to create environments which are acquainted by possible users, to design by using acceptable amount of uncommon factors will enable to individuals to feel safe in the place. Therefore, the utilization from the place will increase and this will increase well-being. In conclusion, it can be said that the meaningful relationship between the place and well-being is not only satisfy ours needs but also will offer information wealth so that more humanitarian, in other words, more liveable city places to be created. Even if the design processes differentiate on the different dimensions of built environment, general results concerning process and result are reached. As far as possible, healthy, participant and accessible environments are important not only in terms of individual satisfaction but also in terms of human rights.